论过渡期的外资银行监管问题

中国WTO后,外资银行在华业务获得巨大发展。过渡期后,外资银行将与中资银行享有同等国民待遇。在过渡期内加强对外资银行的有效监管,对于维护正常的国内金融秩序,降低外资银行进入后对中资银行的不利影响极为重要。     

Disclosing brand placement to young children

In spite of the EU's prohibition on brand placement in children's programmes, it is argued that children may still be exposed to this advertising format in many occasions. Consequently, and as children may have even more difficulties than adults to distinguish the commercial content from the editorial media content in which it is embedded, an advertising disclosure may be necessary to enable them to cope with brand placement. Entailing two one-factorial between-subjects experiments, the current article examined how different types of brand placement warning cues influenced cognitive advertising literacy and the attitude toward the placed brand, among children between 8 and 10 years old.

In a first study, it was investigated how these outcomes were influenced by warning cues with different perceptual modalities (no vs. auditory vs. visual cue, N = 98). The results showed that a visual warning cue was more effective than an auditory warning cue (vs. no warning cue) in addressing cognitive advertising literacy. However, this higher cognitive advertising literacy could not account for the effect of the visual warning cue on brand attitude.

In a second study, it was examined whether the effectiveness of this visual warning cue was influenced by the timing of disclosure (cue prior to vs. during media containing brand placement, N = 142). Additionally, it was tested whether the effect of the cue on brand attitude could be explained by cognitive advertising literacy if children's sceptical attitude toward the brand placement format was taken into account. The results showed that cognitive advertising literacy was higher when the cue was shown prior to than during the media content. This cue-influenced cognitive advertising literacy resulted in a more positive brand attitude, but only among children who were less sceptical toward brand placement. This positive relation disappeared among moderately and highly sceptical children.

These findings have significant theoretical, practical and social implications.     

Comparing measures of persuasion knowledge adapted for young children

Young children under 8 years old are viewed as especially vulnerable to marketing communications because they do not have sufficient knowledge about the purpose of persuasive advertising messages, also known as children's persuasion knowledge (CPK). However, a review of 25 studies that have tested CPK effects, on primarily older children, finds inconsistent or no support for CPK. The lack of support depends on the effect studied, and a measurement challenge because of young children's limited capabilities in reading and responding to questions from interviewers. Thirteen measures of CPK have been tested but not compared for CPK effects. These measures were simplified to nonverbal options for young children and tested on a sample of 4‐ to 7‐year‐old North East Chinese children (n = 233). These measures were each tested in relation to the children's age (positive), their skepticism toward advertising (positive), their disbelief of false claims in a TV commercial (TVC) (positive) and their affect toward the TVC (negative). Only two measures of CPK show any expected associated responses with “knowing the source” of advertisements the best measure. Perceived marketer intentions had no expected associations, nor did the age of the child. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of theory, measurement, and applications for marketers and public policy.     

Effects of violent television programmes on advertising effectiveness among young children

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of violent TV programmes on the effectiveness of advertising aimed at children. Using an experimental method, this study found that violent programmes elicit a high level of excitation among kindergarten attendees, which substantially enhances their advertising effectiveness. When advertising was viewed within a violent programme, children showed better ad recall and more favourable attitudes towards the ad than when advertising was viewed in a non-violent programme. Higher purchase intention and brand preference were also found among subjects who viewed the ad embedded in a violent programme.     

1992: State of play

Now past the halfway point for establishing a single market by 1992, the 12 member states of the European Economic Community are pausing to review the progress. What has been accomplished so far? And what remains to be done? The answers to these questions are outlined, providing background to the most important question: How will your organization be affected?     

无跨越架不停电封网跨越电力线路施工方案监理控制点浅谈

随着高强度绝缘绳的出现,利用铁塔作为支撑体的无跨越架不停电封网跨越技术得到了推广应用。本文结合工程实例针对该类施工过程中监理需在现场着重控制点进行了论述。     

Using sublexical priming to enhance brand name phonetic symbolism effects in young children

We examine whether phonetic symbolism effects are conditional on the development of phonological awareness (an ability to recognize sounds in words). Further, we introduce sublexical priming as a means to enhance phonetic symbolism effects. Across four experiments, we demonstrate that product evaluations, consistent with phonetic symbolism theory, are more (less) likely when a child is older (younger). Specifically, older children who can recognize sounds in words perceive back vowel brand names (e.g., Vopoz) as slower, heavier, larger, smoother, creamier, chewier, and thicker than brand names with front vowel sounds (e.g., Vipiz). In addition, we show that phonetic symbolism effects manifest when younger children (low in phonological awareness) are primed to focus on parts of a word/s, which we term sublexical priming. We present embedded tasks and chunking of brand names as strategic communication techniques that can be implemented as sublexical primes to enhance phonetic symbolism effects in younger children.     

The impact of conditions associated with maternal employment on the diet quality of young children

Questionnaire and dietary intake data from employed mothers with pre-school children were examined to discern the effects of employment-related conditions on the diet quality of preschool children. These conditions included role satisfaction of the mother, household support and perceived quality of child care. Multivariate analysis showed few effects of these conditions on diet quality. Role satisfaction was positively correlated with dietary fat intake and maternal education level was negatively correlated with calcium intake. Overall, this study showed that working mothers were able to provide a sound diet for their children regardless of their numerous responsibilities.     

与国际接轨的造滩"运动"

用“运动”二字,无非是想将我国各地的造滩热潮夸张一下,引起读者兴趣,近几年来,全国各地的造滩确实是一浪高过一浪。本期重点介绍各地的追滩与楼市情况。从中我们不难看到海洋文化与人们的居住观,越来越紧密地联系了起来。     

The influence of children on parental purchases during supermarket shopping

Children are assuming larger roles in household consumer decisions and have also emerged as independent consumers, thus forming an increasingly powerful market segment. Children can be seen as forming, first, a primary market; second, as influencers on their parents’ decision making; and third, as potential future adult consumers. The second role is the main focus of this paper, centring on supermarket purchases. Using focus groups and in‐depth interviews, this study explores the influence of children on supermarket shopping. Participants included parents and children of families in Midlothian, Scotland. The results showed that children have a significant influence on supermarket product purchases. The factors which influence children's product preferences are analysed, and their ability to relay their choices to their parents is considered.     

建筑工程施工质量的监督管理

建设工程的质量问题,关系到人们的生命财产和各种经济利益,因此要树立质量意识,加强工程质量的全面管理和控制,确保工程质量不断提高,创造出更多的优质工程、放心工程.本文从工程的人员、材料、施工环节三大方面进行了探讨.     

公路养护的现场监督管理分析

公路养护施工现场管理是保证养护工程质量的关键,充分掌握现场管理的内容是确保工程如期完成的前提,现场的交通管制、作业秩序组织和调度、现场监理、工程质量控制等工序是现场管理的主要内容.     

Effect of caregiver feeding behaviours on child nutritional status in rural Ghana

A six‐month observational study involving 100 mothers with infants between the ages of 6 and 12 months was conducted in the Manya Krobo district of Ghana. The objective was to assess the role of caregiver feeding behaviours on child nutritional status using a modified positive deviance approach. Each child was in the study for 6 months, during which they were observed at home once a month. On each visit, data were collected on the child anthropometry, child meal frequency, diet diversity, responsiveness of caregiver during feeding, child’s appetite and feeding atmosphere as well as caregiver hygienic practices related to feeding. Using weight‐for‐age (WAZ) and length‐for‐age (LAZ) scores, the children were classified as positive or negative deviant children. The study revealed significant differences between the two groups of children in terms of caregiver feeding behaviours. Positive deviant children had significantly higher meal frequencies (3.1 ± 0.4 vs. 2.4 ± 0.6, P = 0.001), diet diversity scores (6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 3.7 ± 1.1, P = 0.001), were fed under better hygienic conditions (7.2 ± 0.9 vs. 4.2 ± 1.1, P = 0.001) and were much more interested in food during feeding (85.8% vs. 59.3%). Caregiver responsiveness during feeding was also significantly higher among the positive deviant group (6.5 ± 0.8 vs. 4.5 ± 0.9, P = 0.001). This study has demonstrated the tremendous effect of caregiver feeding behaviours on child nutritional outcomes and provides a scientific basis for introducing care during feeding as a component of intervention to improve child nutritional status in Ghana.     

施工企业会计监督审核分析

随着改革开放的深入发展,市场竞争日趋激烈,尤其是广大施工企业,更是被推向市场的风口浪尖.因此,加强企业内部会计监督是企业经营活动有序进行的重要保障,本文着重针对施工企业的会计监督审核进行分析探讨.     

如何发挥管理会计的作用

文章分析了管理会计的作用,对如何发挥管理会计的作用进行了探讨.     

现代建筑工程的安全监理工作探讨

随着我国经济发展,现代建筑规模不断扩大,建设工程施工安全生产形势依然严峻,恶性事故屡有发生.作为建设监理机构在建筑安全监理中应抓住工作重点,认真履行安全监理职责.本文通过分析建筑工程安全监理目标,针对加强监理人员安全意识及施工阶段安全监理的工作重点进行探讨,以期通过本文的阐述消除各种事故隐患,实现安全监理目标.     

土地划区分级督察理论研究

土地督察是国土资源管理的重要组成部分,机制创新是提高督察绩效的基础.本文以"青海省土地划区分级督察试点研究"项目为背景,探讨土地划区分级督察的基础理论,并构建了新的理论体系,以有效支撑划区分级工作的进行,从而进一步促进科学发展的土地督察新机制的建立,落实科学发展观在土地督察业务中的应用.     

中国建设监理服务的发展模式

自1988年以来,我国的工程监理制度先后经历了试点、发展和全面推行三个阶段.期间,孕育了一大批工程监理企业.随着我国市场经济的发展、建设项目组织实施方式的改革以及全球经济的一体化,工程监理行业面临着前所未有的发展机遇和挑战,而身处其中的监理企业如何面对行业发展面临的困难和问题,不失时机地把握机遇,寻求生存和发展之路值得我们全行业给予高度的关注.     

建筑工程施工的质量低碳监理工作研究

百年大计,质量第一,建筑工程的质量的好坏直接关系人们的生命和财产,任何一个环节出现问题,都会给工程的整体质量带来严重后果.因此,必须保障建筑工程的质量在建筑施工过程中的有效性、安全性、经济性.     

建筑工程施工的质量低碳监理工作研究

百年大计,质量第一,建筑工程的质量的好坏直接关系人们的生命和财产,任何一个环节出现问题,都会给工程的整体质量带来严重后果.因此,必须保障建筑工程的质量在建筑施工过程中的有效性、安全性、经济性.