The relationship between trade,FDI and economic growth in Tunisia: An application of the autoregressive distributed lag model

The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness and economic growth in host countries remains one of the most important issues in the economic literature and met with renewed interest in recent years mainly for countries suffering from unemployment problems and lack of technological progress. This paper examines this issue for Tunisia by applying the bounds testing (ARDL) approach to cointegration for the period from 1970 to 2008. The bounds tests suggest that the variables of interest are bound together in the long run when foreign direct investment is the dependent variable. The associated equilibrium correction is also significant, confirming the existence of a long-run relationship. The results also indicate that there is no significant Granger causality from FDI to economic growth, from economic growth to FDI, from trade to economic growth and from economic growth to trade in the short run. Even though there is a widespread belief that FDI can generate positive spillover externalities for the host country, our empirical results fail to confirm this belief for the case of Tunisia. They go against the generally accepted idea considering the positive impact of FDI on economic growth to be automatic. The results found for Tunisia can be generalized and compared to other developing countries which share a common experience in attracting FDI and trade liberalization.     

经济转型下的外商直接投资、国内资本与经济增长——基于中国时间序列数据的计量检验与实证分析

经济转型背景下,中国经济持续增长的一个重要原因是引入外商直接投资。本文对1985年-2010年中国外商直接投资、国内投资与经济增长的总量时间序列数据进行了实证分析。结果表明:FDI与国内资本对我国的经济增长的影响显著,都是GDP的格兰杰原因,与经济增长存在长期均衡关系;但FDI对经济增长的影响小于国内资本,并且FDI与国内资本还存在相互挤入效应。     

Foreign capital inflows, economic growth and stock market capitalization in Asian countries: an ARDL bound testing approach

This study investigates the effects of foreign capital inflows and economic growth on stock market capitalization in 18 Asian countries by using the panel data from the period of 2000–2010. The ARDL bound testing cointegration approach confirms the valid long run relationship between the considered variables. Results indicate that foreign direct investment has significant negative and economic growth has significant positive relationship with the stock market capitalization, whereas, the results of workers’ remittances is found insignificant in long run. The error correction model confirms the significant positive relationship of economic growth and workers’ remittances while, FDI has negative and significant impact on stock market capitalization in short run. Results of causality test based on Toda and Yamamoto (J Econom 66: 225–250, 1995) show the bidirectional causal relationship of foreign direct investment and economic growth with stock market capitalization. However, no causal relationship is found in between workers’ remittances and stock market capitalization. It is suggested that investor should not idealize the inflow of workers’ remittances to invest in Asian stock markets in long run. Simultaneously, size of the economy is a better leading indicator for Asian stock markets. On the other hand, inflows of FDI may mislead the investor to invest. Investor should keep on eye whether FDI come in the competition of domestic market or not? If this happens so investor should not invest in the stock market of host country.     

Foreign direct investment and productivity spillovers in the Chinese manufacturing sector

In this paper a simple simultaneous model is constructed to examine whether there are productivity spillovers from both the presence of foreign direct investment (FDI) and competition between local and foreign firms. The model is tested on the data from China’s latest industrial census in 1995. The results indicate that the extent to which spillovers occur varies with different types of ownership of local firms and of FDI. While collective- and private-owned enterprises benefit from demonstration and contagion effects from foreign presence, productivity gains of state-owned enterprises largely come from competition with foreign firms. Productivities of local and foreign firms are jointly determined. Evidence also suggests that market-oriented FDI tends to generate spillovers mainly via competition with local firms.     

山东省经济增长与外国直接投资之间的实证分析

本文应用Granger因果关系检验法和协整关系检验,研究了1984-2002年山东省经济增长与外国直接投资之间的关系。研究结果表明,山东省的经济增长与外国直接投资增长之间既不具有双向的Granger因果关系,也不存在长期稳定的协整关系。     

FDI and trade—Two-way linkages?

We investigate the intertemporal linkages between foreign direct investment and disaggregated measures of international trade. We outline a model exemplifying these linkages, describe methods for investigating two-way feedbacks between various categories of trade, and apply them to recent data. We find that the strongest feedback between the sub-accounts is between FDI and manufacturing trade. For the first time, we decompose causality using Geweke's [Geweke, J. (1982). Measurement of linear dependence and feedback between multiple time series. Journal of the American Statistical Association 77(378), 304–313] decomposition method. We find that most of the linear feedback between trade and FDI can be accounted for by Granger-causality from FDI gross flows to trade openness (50%) and from trade to FDI (31%).     

Firm Productivity and the Foreign‐Market Entry Decision

We use Japanese firm‐level data to examine how a firm’s productivity affects its foreign‐market entry strategy. The firm faces a choice between exporting and foreign direct investment (FDI). In the case of FDI, the firm has two options: greenfield investment or acquisition of an existing plant (M&A). If it selects greenfield investment, it has two ownership choices: whole ownership or a joint venture with a local company. Controlling for industry‐ and country‐specific characteristics, we find that the more productive a firm is, the more likely it is to choose FDI rather than exporting and greenfield investment rather than M&A.     

地方政府竞争、土地价格与外商直接投资——基于69个地级市面板数据的分析

选取2005—2015年我国中部五省共69个地级市的数据,在考虑存在空间溢出效应可能性的基础上,采用空间面板数据模型分析地方政府竞争、土地价格对外商直接投资的空间影响。实证研究结果表明：工业用地价格降低和商业用地价格升高有利于吸引外商直接投资,地方政府竞争通过直接和间接作用于土地出让价格两种手段影响外商直接投资规模。土地价格和政府竞争对地理相邻地区的FDI能够产生显著影响,一个地区的工业土地价格降低、商业土地价格升高将抑制地理相邻地区的FDI规模,同时,一个地区政府竞争的加剧也会降低地理相邻地区的FDI,但这一空间溢出效应在经济距离相邻权重下并不显著,说明中部五省地级市的竞争主要存在于地理位置相邻的地方政府间。     

Lowering the Marginal Corporate Tax Rate: Why the Debate?

In an effort to attract new investors and retain existing producers, governments use corporate tax rates as a policy tool for industrial recruitment, resulting in inter‐state tax competition. Foreign direct investment (FDI) growth and GDP growth are the two policy outcomes gauged in inter‐state tax competition. The assumption is that lower corporate taxes lead to increases in FDI, which results in capital formation that generates GDP growth. This 60‐nation panel study tests that assumption through examining economic indicators contingent on taxation, such as FDI and mergers and acquisitions among multinational corporations between 1999 and 2009. The results suggest that reduced corporate tax rates can increase FDI but decrease annual GDP growth. The main policy implication is that tax competition may attract investment, but may not promote overall economic growth, offering support for value‐extraction theories.     

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY SPILLOVERS IN US MANUFACTURING

This research examines how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) impacts manufacturing productivity in select industries across US regions. Although some evidence has documented the phenomenon of knowledge spillovers to national economies, little is known about how the regional penetration of foreign investment affects the productivity performance of local firms. The analysis proceeds in a novel fashion by adjusting aggregate data on industry operating statistics to "net out" the contaminating influence of foreign firms producing in each of the host regional economies. A cross section of state-by-industry observations is used to estimate labor productivity, controlling for FDI penetration both by region and by industry. In general, the results demonstrate that domestic firms do not reap productivity gains as a result of a larger presence of foreign affiliates. Related research efforts, although not specifically concerned with the regional transmission of FDI spillovers, offer corroborative support for these findings.     

防范"贫困化增长"的FDI甄别机制与评价指数的构建——论我国引资政策的合理设计

本文在拓展"贫困化增长"概念的基础上,以"委托—代理"理论为依托,建立防范"贫困化增长"的FDI甄别机制理论模型,并通过构造我国综合福利指数和"FDI福利条件",提出了外资政策制定应该以FDI对本国福利的影响为出发点,设计合理选资政策的建议。同时,进一步指出了制定正确的引资政策、引进综合效应的FDI是我国政府增强本国福利的一个重要途径。     

外商直接投资的环境效应测度——基于省际面板数据的实证研究

外商直接投资对中国经济增长的贡献作用非常显著,但随着外商直接投资规模的不断扩大,其带来的环境效应也十分明显。以中国30个省份面板数据为基础的实证研究结果显示,外商直接投资对我国东中西部地区造成环境污染的程度有较大差异。从统计上看,外商直接投资与环境管制力度之间存在着显著的关系,中西部地区引进外商直接投资的数额随着环境管制力度的增强而显著减少。     

不均衡理论与对外直接投资要素流动

"组织不均衡成长"理论主要用于解释企业的成长问题,但依照这一理论延伸出来的"要素不均衡"概念可以很好地解释企业对外直接投资现象。本文选取七种要素作为分析对象,以投资国和受资国的市场环境,以企业投资动因和要素特征为影响因素,探讨了企业对外直接投资的要素流动。主要结论是:要素禀赋收敛于均衡状态是企业对外直接投资的原动力,而投资国及受资国的市场环境、不同的投资动因及要素本身特征,对企业对外直接投资的要素禀赋均衡效应均具有直接影响。     

发展中国家对外直接投资的新趋势

文章在系统总结发展中国家对外直接投资历程的基础上,结合发展中国家FDI出现的新特点,认为发展中国家的对外直接投资除已出现学习型FDI、竞争策略型FDI以外,极少数发展中国家的跨国公司已开始进入更为高级的市场势力型FDI阶段。     

服务业FDI与区域经济增长关系研究——基于长三角地区数据的实证分析

通过建立模型，对长三角地区服务业的外商直接投资（FDI）与经济增长的关系进行实证研究。研究表明，长三角地区服务业的FDI对经济增长具有较强的促进作用，但仅凭经济总量的增加不足以进一步吸引服务业外商直接投资，制度的建设与完善才是吸引FDI的关键。     

Growth empirics with institutional measures for transition countries

This paper investigates the importance of institutions as a determinant of growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) in 25 transition countries for 1990–1998. It introduces some novel institutional measures, performs extensive sensitivity tests, and checks for reverse causation. Estimation results suggest that state institutions in particular are quite robustly important for growth and FDI. The relationship between institutions and growth is likely to be a causation, that between institutions and FDI less so. The significance of macroeconomic stabilization and liberalization is also confirmed, but multicollinearity problems make it impossible to properly judge their importance relative to that of institutions.     

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS: A SURVEY

This paper presents a survey of the literature on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental policy. First, I focus on empirical studies that analyse the impact of environmental costs on foreign investment locations. Next, I review the main studies that attempt to explain the lack of evidence for the pollution haven hypothesis. Then, I discuss the literature on the impact of FDI on local environmental regulations by concentrating on two recent political economy models. Finally, I conclude by summarizing the main findings of the literature and suggesting some future research directions.     

越南外商直接投资及经济增长关系的实证研究

越南从1986年开始改革开放（经济改革、对外开放政策）以来,经济建设取得举世瞩目的发展。当然,外商直接投资FDI对经济发展起了很大的推动作用,本文运用经济学的基本原理和方法（ADF检定,AIC准则,SC准则,OLS）对越南外商直接投资FDI对经济发展的推动作用进行实证分析和研究。并得出FDI有效推动经济发展,给出一些加强FDI推动经济发展的意见和建议。     

Foreign direct investment,labour relations and sector effects: US investment outflows to Europe

This paper analyses the impact of national labour relations on foreign direct investment (FDI), with emphasis on macro-markets and sector properties. Since there are sector-specific differences between industries in transferability, labour-relations effects on FDI probably vary across sectors. The paper finds that labour costs dampen FDI, while the impact of national market potential remains inconclusive. Collective labour institutions have a significantly adverse impact on FDI in manufacturing, and a relatively beneficial one on FDI in services. While investment in manufacturing seeks to minimize labour costs at given skill levels, investment in services maximizes skills at given levels of cost.     

FDI影响我国环境质量的现状及机理分析

我国利用外商直接投资的规模年年攀升,有力地促进了我国经济的增长,但是否影响我国的环境质量正日益受到各界的关注。文章在分析FDI影响我国环境质量的现状的基础上,进一步探究了FDI通过规模效应、结构效应和技术效应3条途径对我国环境质量产生影响并提出相关的对策。