运用税收政策提升居民储蓄存款的投资、消费转化率

随着分配格局的变化,我国越来越表现出明显的“超储蓄”现象。“超储蓄”现象的成因有两个方面:一是国家的保障制度还不够健全;二是投资和消费的安全性不够、动力不足。要促使储蓄转化为投资和即期消费,主要可以通过部分修改税法、开征个人财产税、开征社会保障税和调整个人所得税等税收政策来完成。     

不同类型增值税的税收中性分析

我国采用生产型增值税,增值税的税收中性特征没有充分体现出来,对于宏观经济运行和微观主体的行为都有一定的干扰。从税收中性的角度分析,消费型增值税的超额税收负担最小,最符合增值税的中性特征,是我国增值税改革的方向。     

Determinants of Regional Investment Decisions in China: An Econometric Model of Tax Incentive Policy

This paper examines whether concessionary tax rates and tax incentives can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into certain designated areas in China. Since China opened its doors to foreign investors in 1979, tax benefits have been used extensively to attract FDI into different areas. In 1991, a new tax law was introduced which superseded two previous income tax laws. This new law provides additional tax benefits which improve the investment environment for foreign investors. This study investigates the effect of China's tax rates and tax incentive policy on FDI and on the locational choices of foreign firms. Our empirical results indicate that tax rates and incentives are important determinants of regional investment decisions in China, after controlling for potential confounding variables covering infrastructure, unemployment rate, wage rate and agglomeration economics. Specifically, areas offering lower tax rates and increased tax incentives are found to attract greater amounts of FDI. The impetus of the tax effect on FDI is more apparent in the post-1991 period due to changes in the tax laws. Our results also suggest that infrastructure variables are important determinants of regional investment decisions.     

沉淀投资、税收政策竞争与跨国公司发展

如果没有公平的竞争环境,跨国公司的发展会受到限制,可以说建立一个公平竞争的国际环境是跨国公司得以发展的最根本的前提。事实上,公平竞争环境不仅包括产品市场竞争、生产要素市场竞争和金融市场竞争,而且还包括税收政策竞争等经济政策竞争。这些竞争环境都是跨国公司发展的必要国际条件。     

Evaluating Tax Policy for Location Decisions

We consider the impact of taxation when investors face a discrete choice between two or more mutually exclusive projects; in particular we consider the location choice of multinationals. Such choices depend on an effective average tax rate. We propose a precise measure of this rate, which is shown to be equal to a weighted average of an effective marginal tax rate and an adjusted statutory tax rate, where the weights depend on the profitability of the investment. Estimates of the distribution of this measure are presented and compared for domestic and international investment in the USA, France, Germany and the UK. We analyse the impact of harmonising corporate tax rates in Europe on incentives to locate in France, Germany and the UK.     

Lumpy Investment and Corporate Tax Policy

In the presence of both convex and nonconvex capital adjustment costs in a dynamic general equilibrium model, corporate tax policy generates both intensive and extensive margin effects via the channel of marginal Q. Its impact is determined largely by the strength of the extensive margin effect, which, in turn, depends on the cross‐sectional distribution of firms. Depending on the initial distribution of firms, the economy displays asymmetric responses to tax changes. Moreover, an anticipated increase in the future investment tax credit reduces investment and adjustment rate initially.     

证券投资基金纳税主体资格的法律确证

当前,对证券投资基金课税存在问题的症结在于其法律性质和地位,从证券投资基金财产的独立性、基金外部管理者的运行架构以及运行效果可以看出,证券投资基金具有组织体的特性,并具有独立的税法主体资格。在明确这些问题后,可以分别从证券投资基金、基金管理人和托管人、投资者三个不同的纳税主体来重新构建我国的证券投资基金税制。     

我国外商直接投资税收敏感性分析

采用现状分析、理论论证和实证分析等经济分析方法,对税收政策对外商投资的影响作用进行分析,可得出以下结论:税收优惠对吸引外商直接投资有促进作用,但其影响作用并不显著。我国应正确对待税收优惠的作用地位,并全面考虑影响优惠政策的因素,采用更为有效的税收优惠工具,有的放矢地运用税收优惠政策。     

"中性税收"范畴集的再造与理论推想

"中性税收"范畴是西方税收理论的核心内容。本文在剖析西方"中性税收"范畴理论局限性的基础上,以"超额税收与税收超额负担"概念为基础,提出了新的"中性税收"范畴集。新的"中性税收"涵盖适度税收、效率税收、宪政税收的基本特征,这一理论框架具有更强的理论包容性与政策应用性。     

Uncertainty and Financing Constraints

Using a panel of Dutch listed firms this paper provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis that more risky firms are confronted with more severe capital market constraints than relatively less risky firms. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the usefulness of cash flow as a measure of financial constraints. We present a stochastic version of the Kaplan-Zingales (1997) model. We show that cash flow sensitivity can be used as a meaningful indicator of financing constraints if firms are classified by the degree of uncertainty they face and if the uncertainty originates from cost uncertainty.     

税收政策对产业结构变迁的影响:需求角度的分析

税收政策能够通过改变需求结构进而影响供给结构，并最终改变产业结构。税收政策对产业结构变迁产生影响的需求途径主要包括：改变中问需求与最终需求的比例以及中间需求结构、改变消费结构、改变消费需求与投资需求的比例、改变投资需求结构。     

美国个人所得税税率制度及其借鉴

个人所得税制度的改革已成为我国社会各界争论的焦点之一,而税率是该制度的核心环节.美国的个人所得税制度是国际公认较为完善的税制,但中美两国个人所得税在税率结构、累进制度、税率适用等方面均存在差异.目前我国个人所得税税率制度尚存在不足,应借鉴美国的经验来完善我国现行个人所得税税率制度.     

适度减税是当前我国的税收政策取向

本在世界性减税浪潮的大背景下，分析了我国总体税负水平，提出了适度减税的税收政策取向和具体的设想。     

增值税转型对信息技术业机器设备投资的激励效应研究

信息技术代表先进生产力的发展方向。根据资本结构的不同将信息技术类企业细分为信息技术业制造类企业和服务类企业,利用转型前后相关数据,通过多元线性回归法分析表明：我国增值税转型有利于促进信息技术类企业增加机器设备类固定资产投资,且对资本构成相对高的信息技术业制造类企业的激励效应高于服务类企业。     

中小企业发展的税费环境分析及对策建议

中小企业在产业结构优化升级、经济结构调整、扩大就业、保持稳定以及促进技术进步和制度创新中有着重要作用。随着我国税费改革不断深化,中小企业发展的税费环境得到了明显的改善,但相关法律法规以及政策制定和执行中还存在一些问题,加重了中小企业的税费负担,制约了中小企业的健康发展,亟待改革和完善。应从改进和完善税收法律法规、加快税费改革步伐、加强税收服务等方面为中小企业发展创造有利的税费环境,支持中小企业发展和壮大。     

碳税的国际经验与借鉴

碳税被国际社会公认为是削减二氧化碳排放的有效经济手段。通过对国际上碳税税收要素设计、收入用途的比较分析后可知,我国应把握时机逐步推进碳税,灵活选择征税对象,税率设置要体现差异,合理选择征收环节,逐步减少税收优惠并统筹考虑相关配套方案。     

Investment and Abandonment Decisions with Uncertain Price and Cost

We analyze firms' investment and abandonment decisions when both output price and investment cost change stochastically. The model allows for and makes endogenous the abandonment decision, thereby incorporating irreversibility. We show that the investment trigger may be much higher than the standard net present value rule suggests even when a substantial portion of the investment cost may be recovered. Further, we argue that the correlation between output price and investment costs significantly affects the effect of irreversibility on investment behavior. Empirical implications are discussed with extensive numerical illustrations, along with an application to the banking industry.     

税收优惠对外商投资影响的研究综述

税收优惠是各国政府用来吸引外商投资的常用手段。但是,税收优惠如何影响外商投资历来就是一个充满争议的话题。早期国际上关于税收优惠对外商投资影响的经典理论主要有庇古的福利经济学理论、“双缺口”模型和邓肯的国际折衷理论,而近来也有不少国内外学者分别从区位选择、融资来源、投资类型和投资形式等角度论证了税收优惠的作用。     

国外物流业税收政策的比较与借鉴

在经济全球化迅速发展的今天,物流业的重要性日显突出,许多国家采取包括税收政策在内的各种鼓励措施来促进物流业的发展。本文对国外与物流业相关的流转税和所得税政策进行了比较分析,并对我国建立与完善促进物流业发展的税收政策提出了相关建议。     

家族企业、税收稽查治理与企业避税行为

采用多种指标,检验家族和非家族企业的税收规避程度。研究发现,较之非家族企业,家族企业表现出更加明显的避税倾向,这反映出家族企业更重视税收节约收益;而且,家族企业所表现出的较高的避税程度和动机主要发生在税收稽查治理强度较弱的地区。我国家族企业避税收益要高于税收稽查的惩罚成本和由此产生的声誉损失,特别是在税收治理较弱的地区尤为如此。