北京都市型休闲渔业发展的供求分析

论文运用产业发展供求分析法,分析北京都市型休闲渔业发展动力与外部环境。从需求分析看,北京市已经具备都市型休闲渔业大发展的客源市场条件,而且乡村休闲观念和休闲时间增加为都市型休闲渔业发展提供了增强的消费偏好。从供给分析看,喜忧参半的自然条件为节水型的休闲渔业发展提供了一定的发展空间,丰富的资源禀赋和优越的区位及交通条件为都市型休闲渔业发展提供了必要条件。在分析供求和政策环境的基础上,提出了明确管理部门、制定发展规划、塑造特色品牌、与地方结构调整相结合等推进都市型休闲渔业发展的对策建议。     

国外休闲渔业管理综述

从20世纪80年代至今,休闲渔业在全球范围内得到了迅速的发展,尤其在渔业发达的国家如美国、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大和欧洲各国。休闲渔业对渔业产业的发展起到了越来越重要的作用。论文收集了国内外的渔业管理资料,介绍了国外休闲渔业管理现状。总体来说,国外休闲渔业在可持续发展思想的指导下,实验和探索了多种渔业管理模式,最终形成了渔业配额管理制度,并应用于休闲渔业管理的各个方面。论文还总结了国外休闲渔业管理发展过程中的经验,供我国发展休闲渔业管理参考,并提出我国休闲渔业管理的发展应从思想、管理制度等各方面做出努力,保证休闲渔业健康发展。     

山东省海洋休闲渔业发展模式探析

发展休闲渔业是促进渔民转产转业的主要途径,也是提高渔民收益、促进渔村发展的重要手段。论文对山东省海洋休闲渔业发展模式进行了初步总结,根据山东省各地休闲渔业发展方式及经营主体不同,休闲渔业的发展模式可划分为：个体经营模式、“渔户＋渔户”模式、“公司＋渔户”模式、政府主导模式、村企合一模式,在文章的最后指出了休闲渔业发展模式的新方向。     

南京休闲渔业发展现状、问题及对策分析

论文简述了南京市休闲渔业的发展现状,指出休闲渔业发展的三项特征:一是休闲渔业与地方旅游业相结合,二是休闲渔业主要分布在环城游憩带上,三是休闲特色明显。提炼论述了休闲渔业发展中存在的问题,包括没有形成完整的产业体系,行业标准体系建设滞后,品牌意识淡薄,经营者素质不高。并在此基础上提出以下建议:加快渔业园区建设,建立并维护休闲渔业的标准体系,加大品牌培植力度,对经营者进行专业培训。力争通过发展休闲渔业,增加农民收入。     

劳动力增量对休闲渔业产值的区域差异研究——基于28个变量系数的变系数模型检验

休闲渔业于20世纪60年代首先在加勒比海地区兴起,中国的休闲渔业经过20余年发展取得了一定成效,但其发展仍存在明显差距,论文采用全国28个省市2003-2016年的数据研究了劳动力增量对休闲渔业产值的作用。检验结果显示休闲渔业的发展不仅与地区有关,而且也与当地的渔业基础有关。大部分沿海地区存在渔业资源无法支撑休闲渔业与传统渔业同时发展的问题,需要进行产业创新以合理引导劳动力流出;内陆地区大部分省市的渔业基础相对薄弱,面临着渔业资源虽然充足但缺乏足够的劳动力推动休闲渔业发展。同时,地区之间发展不平衡意味着各地在制定休闲渔业发展政策、调整渔业产业结构时,应充分考虑当地的渔业资源开发现状,从不同的侧重点推动休闲渔业发展,使其成为乡村振兴的抓手和渔业经济新的增长点。     

试论水产养殖业结构调整之休闲渔业的发展

<正>休闲渔业是近些年来发展起来的新兴产业,它把休闲娱乐、观光旅游、饮食文化等行业与渔业相结合,在一定程度上提高了渔业的社会、经济和生态效益,全国涌现出了形形色色的休闲渔业项目,形成了"人人都在提休闲渔业,各地都在搞休闲渔业"的发展趋势。休闲渔业是近些年来发展起来的新兴产业,它把休闲娱乐、观光旅游、饮食文化等行业与渔业相结合,在一定程度上提高了渔业的社会、经济和生态效益,全国涌现出了形形色色的休闲渔业项目,形成了"人人都在提休闲渔业,各地都在搞休闲渔业"的发展趋势。     

江苏南京休闲渔业的发展现状及其展望

休闲渔业是南京市发展现代都市渔业的一部分。本文概述了南京市休闲渔业的发展现状,指出其在致富农民、美化环境、服务市民、吸引投资等方面的重要作用,分析了休闲渔业发展中存在的问题,对南京市休闲渔业今后的发展提出了具体的思路：以科学发展观为指导,加快休闲渔业建设步伐;挖掘休闲渔业的内涵,丰富渔业休闲内容等。     

江苏南京休闲渔业的发展现状及其展望

休闲渔业是南京市发展现代都市渔业的一部分.本文概述了南京市休闲渔业的发展现状,指出其在致富农民、美化环境、服务市民、吸引投资等方面的重要作用,分析了休闲渔业发展中存在的问题,对南京市休闲渔业今后的发展提出了具体的思路以科学发展观为指导,加快休闲渔业建设步伐;挖掘休闲渔业的内涵,丰富渔业休闲内容等.     

厦门市休闲渔业开发策略

培育和发展休闲渔业是实现厦门渔业可持续发展、优化产业结构、走现代渔业之路的现实选择。本文在阐述休闲渔业主要形态的基础上,结合厦门的自然、科技和人文条件分析厦门市休闲渔业的开发策略,并且建议因地制宜开发各种形态和类型的休闲渔业,对游钓渔业、体验渔业、观赏渔业、海洋科普、渔业文化等休闲项目进行设计策划。同时,在发展休闲渔业的过程中要注意政策、管理、配套、组织、培训、生态等问题。     

我国休闲渔业发展浅析

随着渔业产业结构的调整和人民生活水平的提高,我国休闲渔业发展迅速。首先,本文对国内外休闲渔业状况进行了概述;其次,简要分析了休闲渔业的4种现有类型:生产经营型、休闲垂钓型、观光疗养型、展示教育型;再次,对休闲渔业的社会经济效益进行了分析,指出与传统渔业相比的优越性;最后,对促进休闲渔业进一步发展提出4点建议:增加经营种类,选择合适品种,政府鼓励及协调,规范服务。     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.     

国土资源行政管理的若干应用基础理论问题（上）——自然资源属性分析

从自然属性、技术属性、经济属性三个角度分析入手 ,建立了自然资源的科学分类体系。     

实施全球资源战略 保障资源供应安全

实施全球资源战略是经济全球化趋势的客观要求,而经济全球化在为发展中国家提供发展机遇的同时,又对国家安全提出了严峻挑战.本文在阐述我国实施全球资源战略客观性、必要性的基础上,提出了我国实施全球资源战略中防范和抵御全球化负面影响、保障资源供应安全的措施建议.     

重构乡村基层社会生活的实态--一个值得深入考察的徽州古村落宅坦

古村落宅坦位于绩溪西部的崇山峻岭之中 ,胡氏宗族在生存条件极为恶劣的情况下 ,组织族人改造环境 ,使之成为人与自然和谐相处的乡村社会。千百年来 ,在特定的时空条件下 ,经过一系列的社会变迁 ,古村落已形成宗族组织、文化科举和商业的良性互动 ,从而创造了古村落的文明。三者之间宗族居于核心地位。传统中国社会的动乱也会在这里引起反响 ,但是由于宗族聚居的格局使古村落乃至徽州社会具有特殊的应变力 ,直至近代仍保持自身的稳定。宅坦村有着丰富的资料遗存 ,为我们在宅坦从事田野考察、重构古村落的实态 ,提供了必要的前提。可以预见 ,宅坦必将以其丰富的人文内涵为世人所瞩目