国外海洋休闲渔业发展现状及其对中国的启示

为更好促进海洋休闲渔业良性健康发展,加快海洋休闲渔船的现代化进程,论文简要介绍了美国、日本和澳大利亚等发达国家海洋休闲渔业的发展情况,分析了中国海洋休闲渔业的发展现状,从管理体制、技术标准、产业布局和资源配置等方面深入研究了中国海洋休闲渔业发展中存在的主要问题,并针对性地提出明确责任主体,科学构建海洋休闲渔业管理体系,完善法律法规;因地制宜发展,科学编制海洋休闲渔船技术标准体系,提高安全保障;优化产业布局,明确海洋休闲渔业市场定位,发展海洋牧场休闲渔业等对策建议,为中国海洋休闲渔业的进一步发展提供参考和借鉴。     

北京都市型休闲渔业发展的供求分析

论文运用产业发展供求分析法,分析北京都市型休闲渔业发展动力与外部环境。从需求分析看,北京市已经具备都市型休闲渔业大发展的客源市场条件,而且乡村休闲观念和休闲时间增加为都市型休闲渔业发展提供了增强的消费偏好。从供给分析看,喜忧参半的自然条件为节水型的休闲渔业发展提供了一定的发展空间,丰富的资源禀赋和优越的区位及交通条件为都市型休闲渔业发展提供了必要条件。在分析供求和政策环境的基础上,提出了明确管理部门、制定发展规划、塑造特色品牌、与地方结构调整相结合等推进都市型休闲渔业发展的对策建议。     

国外休闲渔业管理综述

从20世纪80年代至今,休闲渔业在全球范围内得到了迅速的发展,尤其在渔业发达的国家如美国、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大和欧洲各国。休闲渔业对渔业产业的发展起到了越来越重要的作用。论文收集了国内外的渔业管理资料,介绍了国外休闲渔业管理现状。总体来说,国外休闲渔业在可持续发展思想的指导下,实验和探索了多种渔业管理模式,最终形成了渔业配额管理制度,并应用于休闲渔业管理的各个方面。论文还总结了国外休闲渔业管理发展过程中的经验,供我国发展休闲渔业管理参考,并提出我国休闲渔业管理的发展应从思想、管理制度等各方面做出努力,保证休闲渔业健康发展。     

山东省海洋休闲渔业发展模式探析

发展休闲渔业是促进渔民转产转业的主要途径,也是提高渔民收益、促进渔村发展的重要手段。论文对山东省海洋休闲渔业发展模式进行了初步总结,根据山东省各地休闲渔业发展方式及经营主体不同,休闲渔业的发展模式可划分为：个体经营模式、“渔户＋渔户”模式、“公司＋渔户”模式、政府主导模式、村企合一模式,在文章的最后指出了休闲渔业发展模式的新方向。     

南京休闲渔业发展现状、问题及对策分析

论文简述了南京市休闲渔业的发展现状,指出休闲渔业发展的三项特征:一是休闲渔业与地方旅游业相结合,二是休闲渔业主要分布在环城游憩带上,三是休闲特色明显。提炼论述了休闲渔业发展中存在的问题,包括没有形成完整的产业体系,行业标准体系建设滞后,品牌意识淡薄,经营者素质不高。并在此基础上提出以下建议:加快渔业园区建设,建立并维护休闲渔业的标准体系,加大品牌培植力度,对经营者进行专业培训。力争通过发展休闲渔业,增加农民收入。     

劳动力增量对休闲渔业产值的区域差异研究——基于28个变量系数的变系数模型检验

休闲渔业于20世纪60年代首先在加勒比海地区兴起,中国的休闲渔业经过20余年发展取得了一定成效,但其发展仍存在明显差距,论文采用全国28个省市2003-2016年的数据研究了劳动力增量对休闲渔业产值的作用。检验结果显示休闲渔业的发展不仅与地区有关,而且也与当地的渔业基础有关。大部分沿海地区存在渔业资源无法支撑休闲渔业与传统渔业同时发展的问题,需要进行产业创新以合理引导劳动力流出;内陆地区大部分省市的渔业基础相对薄弱,面临着渔业资源虽然充足但缺乏足够的劳动力推动休闲渔业发展。同时,地区之间发展不平衡意味着各地在制定休闲渔业发展政策、调整渔业产业结构时,应充分考虑当地的渔业资源开发现状,从不同的侧重点推动休闲渔业发展,使其成为乡村振兴的抓手和渔业经济新的增长点。     

试论水产养殖业结构调整之休闲渔业的发展

<正>休闲渔业是近些年来发展起来的新兴产业,它把休闲娱乐、观光旅游、饮食文化等行业与渔业相结合,在一定程度上提高了渔业的社会、经济和生态效益,全国涌现出了形形色色的休闲渔业项目,形成了"人人都在提休闲渔业,各地都在搞休闲渔业"的发展趋势。休闲渔业是近些年来发展起来的新兴产业,它把休闲娱乐、观光旅游、饮食文化等行业与渔业相结合,在一定程度上提高了渔业的社会、经济和生态效益,全国涌现出了形形色色的休闲渔业项目,形成了"人人都在提休闲渔业,各地都在搞休闲渔业"的发展趋势。     

江苏南京休闲渔业的发展现状及其展望

休闲渔业是南京市发展现代都市渔业的一部分。本文概述了南京市休闲渔业的发展现状,指出其在致富农民、美化环境、服务市民、吸引投资等方面的重要作用,分析了休闲渔业发展中存在的问题,对南京市休闲渔业今后的发展提出了具体的思路：以科学发展观为指导,加快休闲渔业建设步伐;挖掘休闲渔业的内涵,丰富渔业休闲内容等。     

江苏南京休闲渔业的发展现状及其展望

休闲渔业是南京市发展现代都市渔业的一部分.本文概述了南京市休闲渔业的发展现状,指出其在致富农民、美化环境、服务市民、吸引投资等方面的重要作用,分析了休闲渔业发展中存在的问题,对南京市休闲渔业今后的发展提出了具体的思路以科学发展观为指导,加快休闲渔业建设步伐;挖掘休闲渔业的内涵,丰富渔业休闲内容等.     

厦门市休闲渔业开发策略

培育和发展休闲渔业是实现厦门渔业可持续发展、优化产业结构、走现代渔业之路的现实选择。本文在阐述休闲渔业主要形态的基础上,结合厦门的自然、科技和人文条件分析厦门市休闲渔业的开发策略,并且建议因地制宜开发各种形态和类型的休闲渔业,对游钓渔业、体验渔业、观赏渔业、海洋科普、渔业文化等休闲项目进行设计策划。同时,在发展休闲渔业的过程中要注意政策、管理、配套、组织、培训、生态等问题。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.