新形势下舟山海洋渔业产业结构分析

海洋渔业作为舟山的传统产业,对舟山的经济发展有着举足轻重的作用。本文通过灰色关联分析法对舟山海洋捕捞业、海水养殖业、远洋渔业、水产品加工业、水产品流通业等五个方面进行分析研究,认为各因素影响程度为:水产品加工业海洋捕捞业海水养殖业水产品流通业远洋渔业。认为水产品加工业为舟山渔业的支柱产业;海洋渔业产业结构得到一定的优化,其中第一产业内部逐渐优化,捕捞产业比重下降,远洋渔业发展迅速,海水养殖业发展良好;水产品流通业是舟山经济发展的潜力所在。最后,本文针对当前海洋渔业各产业存在的问题提出相应地建议,为政府部门制定相关政策提供参考依据,以助力舟山海洋渔业健康可持续发展。     

新时代浙江省海洋渔业产业结构分析与建议

为实现渔业资源的可持续利用,海洋渔业转型升级势在必行。论文以浙江省为例,通过灰色关联分析法对海洋渔业产业内部组成的海洋渔业、海水养殖业、远洋渔业、水产品加工业、水产品流通业、休闲渔业等进行研究,得出各产业对海洋渔业影响程度为:海水养殖业海洋捕捞业水产品加工业水产品流通业远洋渔业休闲渔业。分析认为海洋渔业产业结构逐渐伓化,海水养殖业是伓势产业,海洋捕捞业捕捞强度增大但产值占比下降,远洋渔业觃模有待提高;水产品加工业是支柱产业;水产品流通业和休闲渔业为潜力产业。最后,针对海洋渔业存在的问题提出相应地建议,以促进新时代中国海洋渔业健康持续収展。     

基于灰色关联分析法的莱州湾海洋渔业产业结构研究

莱州湾作为山东省重要的海湾,其海洋渔业的发展对该省经济发展起着举足轻重的作用。通过分析莱州湾海洋渔业的发展条件,用灰色关联分析法对该区域海洋捕捞业、海水养殖业、水产品加工业、休闲渔业四个方面的产业结构进行了动态研究,认为该区域的海洋渔业结构在一定程度上得到优化,其中海水养殖业和水产品加工业发展较快,对海洋渔业发展做出了较大贡献;海洋捕捞业基本保持稳定;休闲渔业则发展较为缓慢,未能成为海洋渔业新的经济增长点。鉴于上述分析,论文针对莱州湾海洋渔业结构中各个产业存在的问题提出解决方案,以推动该区域产业结构的优化升级,从而为政府及相关涉海机构提供支撑参考。     

论舟山海洋渔业困境及其破解

总的来看,海洋渔业面临的问题主要是"船多、人众、鱼少、海减",这些问题一度使舟山渔业陷入困境.面对传统海洋捕捞业存在的一系列问题,渔区政府和人民主动转变渔业发展理念,坚持把渔业经济的可持续发展放在首位,积极从单纯捕捞的生产方式向"耕海牧渔"转变,开展渔业资源的修复,加大渔业经济结构战略性调整步伐,调整和减少近海捕捞业,主攻海水养殖和远洋渔业,做精做深水产加工业,努力形成捕、养、加、销一体化的渔业经济产业链,积极分流剩余渔业劳动力,逐步使舟山渔业步入新的健康发展轨道,实现渔业困境的有效破解.     

论舟山海洋渔业困境及其破解

总的来看，海洋渔业面临的问题主要是“船多、人众、鱼少、海减”，这些问题一度使舟山渔业陷入困境。面对传统海洋捕捞业存在的一系列问题，渔区政府和人民主动转变渔业发展理念，坚持把渔业经济的可持续发展放在首位，积极从单纯捕捞的生产方式向“耕海牧渔”转变，开展渔业资源的修复，加大渔业经济结构战略性调整步伐，调整和减少近海捕捞业，主攻海水养殖和远洋渔业，做精做深水产加工业，努力形成捕、养、加、销一体化的渔业经济产业链，积极分流剩余渔业劳动力，逐步使舟山渔业步入新的健康发展轨道，实现渔业困境的有效破解。     

海洋渔业行业分析和信贷支持策略

中国是海洋渔业大国,海洋渔业产量和海水养殖量连续多年位居世界第一。海洋渔业不仅是我国重要的民生产业,也是海洋经济最基础的支柱产业,对于发展现代海洋经济、实现海洋强国方略具有举足轻重的地位和作用。本文从我国海洋渔业行业发展现状     

对海水养殖业发展问题的探讨

随着全球对水产养殖产品的需求增长和对海洋产业的越来越重视,海水养殖业在海洋经济中的作用也就越来越大,其经济、社会、生态效益的利弊得失问题,日益引起人们的关注。如何协调养殖与环境的关系,实现海水养殖业的可持续发展,对于加快海洋资源的开发利用和环境保护及提高经济效益具有重大意义。一、海水养殖业可持续发展现状海水养殖业可持续发展就是以保持海洋生态系统良性循环为前提,使海洋经济建设与海洋保护协调发展,用生态经济和环境保护观念来指导海水养殖业的生产。然而,目前我国海水养殖业仍然存在盲目开发,低水平养殖,片面追求养殖…     

蓝色经济区海洋水产品加工业资源依赖路径分岔研究

蓝色经济区海洋水产品加工业经历了海洋捕捞为资源依赖原路径阶段、海洋捕捞与海水养殖同为资源依赖路径阶段、海水养殖成为资源依赖新路径阶段的长期演化过程.海洋渔业资源环境保护制度与产业结构调整政策优化了海洋渔业技术发展方向,技术创新、制度创新与市场竞争促进了海水养殖业发展,海水养殖面积得以扩大与海水养殖业劳动生产率提升是蓝色经济区海水养殖产量持续增长的直接动力.有鉴于此,论文将路径分岔界定为在原依赖路径基础上衍生出功能与属性相同的新路径的有意识偏离过程,并认为推行替代性路径研发与管理的扶持政策是避免产业发展陷入路径依赖困境的有效途径.     

基于LMDI法的我国海洋渔业碳排放驱动因素分解研究

本文将我国海洋渔业人均碳排放驱动因素分解为碳排放系数、能源强度、产业结构和产业规模,运用LMDI分解法对2003—2013年我国海洋渔业碳排放进行实证研究,得出结论:我国海洋渔业人均碳排放的总增量共计0.157万吨,碳排放系数、能源强度、产业结构和产业规模的累积效应分别为0.262、-1.131、-0.274和1.3万吨;综合考虑逐年和累积效应,产业规模是正向驱动因素,能源强度是负向驱动因素,而产业结构和碳排放系数的驱动效应具有不稳定性;通过控制海洋捕捞业的比重以及碳排放系数的变化率,能够使产业结构和碳排放系数因素稳定为负向驱动因素;降低海洋捕捞业比重、促进海洋捕捞渔船改造及作业方式转型、提高海洋捕捞效率、提高贝藻类养殖比重等是抑制海洋渔业碳排放的深层驱动因素。     

辽宁领跑“全国渔业安全救助通信网建设”

我国是传统的海洋渔业大国，拥有渔业船舶28万多艘，从事渔业生产的渔民有1000多万人。悔洋捕捞业、海水养殖业在渔业经济中占据重要地位，是沿海渔区经济的主导产业。海洋渔业的特点和海上环境复杂多变，决定了海洋渔业生产是高危事故高发行业。近年来，虽然各级政府对渔业安全生产非常重视，采取了一系列措施，但海洋渔业安全形势仍然十分严峻。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.