基于成本约束的农产品冷链物流配送路径优化研究

借助冷链物流配送,农产品始终处于低温条件下,其品质有所保障,降低变质的可能性,居民的食品安全能够有所保障。但在安全的前提下,怎么来降低物流成本,提升物流速度成为冷链物流企业发展中需要解决的重要问题。本文从农产品冷链物流的重要性入手,对农产品冷链物流成本情况展开分析,总结出其当前存在的问题,并有针对性的提出优化农产品冷链物流路径的相关策略。     

平远县脐橙冷链物流的现状与对策研究

冷链物流对保障农产品质量安全具有重要作用,本文在分析平远县脐橙产业的现存状况及冷链物流存在的种种问题的基础上,提出了相应的措施,建议政府加大对冷链物流基础设施的投入、推广冷链技术、发展第三方冷链物流、推行衣超对接等。     

我国生鲜农产品冷链物流发展问题研究

冷链物流与食品安全紧密相关。加强生鲜农产品从源头采摘、流通、加工到销售的全程冷链物流管理,升级农产品冷链物流温控设施,已成为社会关注的热点。文章结合生鲜农产品的特点、生鲜农产品物流的特殊性,分析了我国目前生鲜农产品冷链物流发展过程中存在的冷链流通率偏低、人才紧缺和冷链专业化程度不高等问题,提出做好生鲜农产品"最先一公里"、完善冷链物流基础设施、培养专业化人才以及大力发展我国第三方冷链物流企业是提高我国生鲜农产品冷链物流效率,降低成本的主要途径。     

海南农产品冷链物流发展对策研究

海南省农产品冷链物流的发展存在许多问题,严重影响了农产品的质量安全与品质。本文主要从海南省冷库建设、农产品外销运输、冷链物流发展规划概况以及冷链物流企业发展等方面出发,分析海南省冷链物流存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出一种新型供应链模式,并提出相应的发展对策与建议,以期更好地促进海南省农产品冷链物流发展。     

加快冷链物流发展促进河南农业经济发展研究

随着我国市场经济的发展,人们的经济收入状况不断改善,生活质量不断提升,对食品的多样化、新鲜度和营养价值的要求也越来越高。构建与发展冷链物流能够提高农产品质量,降低营养损失,保障农产品质量,是实现农产品工业化的必要条件,因而加速发展农产品冷链物流对于推动我国农产品工业化具有重要意义。河南作为我国的农业大省,对其进行冷链物流的研究具有重要意义。因此,本文旨在探讨冷链物流对于河南农业经济发展的促进作用,并提出相应的建议。     

基于RFID技术的农产品冷链物流发展现状及方向分析

近年来,人们的消费需求越来越多样化,食品的安全问题也逐渐受到重视,特别是鲜活农产品的质量问题,人们对此提出了更高的要求,对农产品冷链物流的关注度越来越高。虽然我国冷链物流基础设施建设在大体上已取得了可观的成绩,但是现今的冷链运输仍然无法满足人们对新鲜农产品的高消费需求,我国农产品冷链物流供给能力严重不足。本文以目前我国农产品冷链物流的发展现状、存在问题为出发点,结合信息技术在农产品冷链物流中的应用研究,简要地对我国农产品冷链物流进行初步分析,以信息技术为基础,展望我国农产品冷链物流的发展趋势。     

发达国家农产品冷链物流发展情况对我国发展农产品冷链物流的启示

农产品冷链物流是一个国家提升农产品知名度和竞争力的重要技术,也是居民生活的重要保障。但是,目前我国农产品冷链物流发展并不理想。对国外发达国家农产品冷链物流发展情况进行研究,以期为提升我国农产品品牌知名度和冷链物流发展水平提供参考。     

农产品冷链绿色物流发展的影响因素分析

伴随着社会的不断进步,以及经济的快速发展,最近一段时期内,农产品冷链物流在我国普遍引起了关注。特别是对于这一物流形式的质量管理上,甚至成为了衡量国家物流领域的发展水平的重要标准。大力发展农产品冷链物流,对于提高我国农业的产业结构以及国家的现代化建设具有重要意义。本文研究了农产品冷链物流目前在我国的发展状况,以及制约其发展的一些因素,并且积极探讨了农产品冷链物流的质量管理的策略。     

德州农产品冷链物流现状及对策

随着生活水平的提高,人们对农产品的质量、安全要求越来越高。因此,如何发展农产品冷链物流,提高农产品质量就成为近年来的研究热点。本文在分析德州冷链物流现状的基础上,发现其短板所在,并提出相关建议。     

质量安全视角下的鲜活农产品冷链物流研究

当今时代飞速发展,人们的生活品质日益提高,食品的质量和安全显得尤为重要。新鲜蔬菜、水果,鲜活水产品,活的畜禽,新鲜的肉、蛋、奶等鲜活农产品,是人们生活中必不可少的食物,冷链物流可以最大限度地确保当中大多数食品的质量和安全。本文表明了我国鲜活农产品的涵义界定和分类、以及农产品物流涵义,说明了冷链物流的近况和存在的主要弊端,着重解析了我国鲜活农产品冷链物流运作模式的主要结构,对模式选择做出了建设性的建议。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.