Executive Compensation in UK Property Companies

We study the drivers of executive compensation in the listed UK property sector. The UK provides an excellent opportunity to analyze executive compensation due to high transparency in the different components of executive compensation. We show that company size is the most important variable in explaining the level of executive compensation. We find that absolute and relative share performance significantly explains long-term compensation, that management style has a distinct influence on the level of executive compensation, and that using alternative monitoring mechanisms (institutional shareholders, debtholders, and outside directors) leads to higher levels of long-term incentives. We find only weak evidence of pay-performance sensitivity for both cash and long-term compensation. Executive shareholdings provide a much stronger link between pay and performance than does executive compensation.

上市公司高管薪酬变局

2010年年报业已收官,高管薪酬不出意外地再次成为热点话题。根据显示,上市公司高管薪酬依然呈现整体上涨的趋势,金融、地产成为平均薪酬最高的行业,且增幅远超出平均水平。另外一大特点是随着中小板、创业板公司的大幅扩容,上市公司高管财富的增长开始更加依赖于股权激励、直接持股等。与之遥相辉映的是华尔街的限薪运动愈演愈烈。美国证交会于2011年3月2日发布声明,宣布将对大银行、经纪公司以及对冲基金等金融机构的高额薪酬实施更严格监管。新规被认为是美国监管机构十几年来限制金融公司薪酬努力的最高峰。从高管收入来源的结构来看,呈现出典型的三个台阶:固定薪酬帮助高管进入百万元俱乐部;股权激励成就千万元富翁;而直接持股则是造就亿元富豪的终极法则。而且去年无论是海外上市还是创业板上市的IPO潮,都直接带动了今年高管薪酬的集体增长。而每一家上市公司背后,都离不开那些容易被闪光灯忽略的CFO们的身影。依据上市公司公开披露的信息,《首席财务官》杂志将中证100、创业板首批28家上市公司、2010年在香港证券交易所上市且融资额排名前10位的公司作为研究样本,从这些公司的薪酬、持股数中,解读中国上市公司高管薪酬变局,并特别聚焦其中CFO群体的...     

Public Versus Private: The Empty Definitions of National Accounting

The policy-making processes and the policies of the two international systems of national accounts are addressed, from the perspective of the accounting discipline. The particular measurement issue that determines which parts of an economy are public and which are private - the reporting entity - is discussed. The main conclusion is that the definition of the reporting entities is so vague as to be empty; in other words, national accounting's definition of what is public and what is private is empty.     

机构投资者持股对上市公司高管薪酬黏性的影响

以A股2012-2016年制造业上市公司作为样本,研究我国上市公司高管薪酬是否存在黏性特征,同时基于机构投资者异质性视角,考察不同类型机构投资者持股对高管薪酬黏性的影响。实证结果表明:第一,上市公司业绩上升时高管薪酬的业绩敏感性高于业绩下降时,高管薪酬存在显著的黏性特征;第二,机构投资者持股有助于抑制高管薪酬黏性,机构投资者参与上市公司治理在完善高管薪酬契约机制方面发挥了积极作用;第三,与交易型机构投资者相比,稳定型机构投资者在抑制高管薪酬黏性方面发挥着更加显著的作用。引导上市公司优化薪酬契约机制、抑制高管薪酬黏性,一是要优化高管的薪酬结构,提高绩效薪酬所占比重,增强高管薪酬对公司业绩尤其是长期业绩的敏感性;二是要完善对高管业绩的考核评价机制,采用兼顾财务指标和非财务指标的综合考核方式,避免高管短视行为;三是要完善高管薪酬信息披露机制,提高信息透明度;四是要发展壮大机构投资者尤其是稳定型机构投资者,保障机构投资者参与上市公司治理的权利,充分发挥其外部监督作用。     

The Choice of Private Versus Public Capital Markets: Evidence from Privatizations

We examine the impact of political, institutional, and economic factors on the choice between selling a state‐owned enterprise in the public capital market through a share issue privatization (SIP) and selling it in the private capital market in an asset sale. SIPs are more likely in less developed capital markets, for more profitable state‐owned enterprises, and where there are more protections of minority shareholders. Asset sales are more likely when there is less state control of the economy and when the firm is smaller. Our results suggest the importance of privatization activities in developing the equity markets of privatizing countries.     

Duration of Executive Compensation

Extensive discussions on the inefficiencies of “short‐termism” in executive compensation notwithstanding, little is known empirically about the extent of such short‐termism. We develop a novel measure of executive pay duration that reflects the vesting periods of different pay components, thereby quantifying the extent to which compensation is short‐term. We calculate pay duration in various industries and document its correlation with firm characteristics. Pay duration is longer in firms with more growth opportunities, more long‐term assets, greater R&D intensity, lower risk, and better recent stock performance. Longer CEO pay duration is negatively related to the extent of earnings‐increasing accruals.     

上市公司MBO的管理者报酬激励效应

本文的实证研究表明,中国上市公司管理者收购（MBO）对于参与收购的公司管理层来说,存在效果显著的报酬激励、股权分红激励乃至财富增长效应;MBO后,管理层的动态报酬在很大程度上是随公司动态绩效的变化而变化的,即没有充分的证据表明MBO后存在与公司绩效不相关的增加现金股利分配效应和管理层报酬增长效应。     

上市公司所得税负担与规模、地区及行业关系

进行中的所得税改革要体现其对经济调节的职能，因此在我国经济发展的关键形势下，调整所得税优惠结构是非常关键的问题，即从地区型优惠转向产业优惠或项目优惠。     

会计业绩信息异质性与高管薪酬

中国上市公司通常使用会计信息制定高管薪酬。本文研究发现会计信息用于高管薪酬的制定必须考虑其异质性问题,即多重会计业绩信息评估结果的差异会影响其在高管薪酬制定中的作用。会计业绩信息异质性程度越高,薪酬业绩敏感性越低。当以净利润作为业绩代理变量时,民营企业的薪酬业绩敏感性较少受会计业绩信息异质性影响;营业收入为业绩代理变量时,民营企业与国有企业不存在显著差异。本文研究结论对企业完善其高管业绩评价和薪酬设计具有一定启示意义和实际指导价值。     

The Relation Between Insider-Trading Restrictions and Executive Compensation

In this study I investigate the relation between firm‐level insider‐trading restrictions and executive compensation. Using a trading‐window proxy for the existence of such restrictions, I test predictions that insiders will demand compensation for these restrictions and that firms will need to increase incentives to restricted insiders. I find that firms that restrict insider trading pay a premium in total compensation relative to firms not restricting insider trading, after controlling for economic determinants of pay. Furthermore, these firms use more incentive‐based compensation and their insiders hold larger equity incentives relative to firms that do not restrict insider trading. These results hold after controlling for the endogenous decision to restrict insiders and are consistent with the notion that insider trading plays a role in rewarding and motivating executives.     

Morgan Stanley Roundtable on Private Equity and Its Import for Public Companies

The role of private equity in global capital markets appears to be expanding at an extraordinary rate. Morgan Stanley estimates that there are now some 2,700 private equity funds that either have raised, or are in the process of raising, a total of $500 billion. With this abundance of available equity capital, the willingness of private equity firms to participate in “club” deals, and the leverage that can be put on top of the equity, private equity buyers now appear able and willing to pay higher prices for assets than ever before. And thanks in part to this new purchasing power, private equity transactions reportedly account for a quarter of all global M&A activity as well as a third of the high yield and IPO markets. The stock of capital now devoted to private equity reflects the demonstrated ability of at least the most reputable buyout firms to produce consistently high rates of returns for their limited partners. Although a talent for identifying and purchasing undervalued assets may be part of the story, the ability to produce such returns on a consistent basis implies an ability to add value, to improve the performance of the operating companies they invest in and control. And in this round‐table, a small group of academics and practitioners address two main questions: How does private equity add value? And are there lessons for public companies in the success of private companies? According to the panelists, the answer to the first question appears to have changed somewhat over time. The consensus was that most of the value added by the LBO firms of the‘80s was created during the initial structuring of the deals, a process described by Steve Kaplan as “financial and governance engineering,” which includes not only aggressive use of leverage and powerful equity incentives for operating managements, but active oversight by a small, intensely interested board of directors. In the past ten years, however, these standard LBO features have been complemented by increased attention to “operational engineering,” to the point where today's buyout firms feel obligated, like classic venture capitalists, to acquire and tout their own operating expertise. In response to the second of the two questions, Michael Jensen argues that much of the approach and benefits of private equity‐particularly the adjustments of financial policies and stronger managerial incentives‐can be replicated by public companies. And although some of these benefits have already been realized, much more remains to be done. Perhaps the biggest challenge, however, is finding a way to transfer to public companies the board‐level expertise, incentives, and degree of engagement that characterize companies run by private equity investors.     

国有企业高管薪酬管制有效性的实证研究——来自A股上市公司的证据

国有企业高层管理人员薪酬管制的有效性一直是人们热议的话题,本文以2009年A股市场上市公司为样本,分别按照其性质(国有或非国有)以及所处行业的产业结构(竞争市场或寡占市场)进行分类,实证分析了中国国有企业薪酬管制的有效性。本文的研究表明,国企高管薪酬管制对企业绩效存在正向作用,而其效果几乎不受产业结构的影响,这跟我国国有企业受到政府的保护导致行政垄断有关。最后,本文针对我国国企薪酬改革中存在的问题,提出建议:短期内维持薪酬管制,而将长期目标设定为充分发挥市场机制,完善激励制度,最大限度保证国有企业健康稳定成长。     

金融企业高管薪酬监管的最新进展及其思考

本文在介绍国内外金融高管管制的最新动态的基础上,对我国目前的金融企业薪酬监管政策进行了思考,认为我国金融企业的高管年薪应当受到监管,尤其在目前金融危机下的非常时期,更需要政府采取措施,约束金融企业负责人的薪酬;薪酬监管对象应扩大到所有的金融企业的高管和其他主要岗位的人员;并且,作为高管收入中的一个重要组成部分的中长期激励收益应当成为今后监管工作的重点;同时加强相关信息的披露和提高金融企业自身的自律性。     

论上市公司的关联交易及其监管

上市公司关联交易是指上市公司与其关联方之间相互转移资源或义务的一种商业交易行为。由于其普遍存在并具有与一般商业交易不同的特殊性，因而成为公司监管工作的一个重点和难点，我国上市公司的关联交易……     

商业银行高管薪酬制度的国际比较

本文重点分析银行高管薪酬制度的美、德、日模式.由于各国的历史、社会环境、经济法律制度、文化习俗不同,从属于公司治理机制的高管薪酬制度存在很大差异,但是随着近年来迅猛的金融全球化和自由化,薪酬制度出现了明显的趋同趋势.