甘肃省制种产业发展的SWOT分析及对策

农作物种子是农业生产发展的前提,也是提高农业生产水平的条件。制种产业是甘肃省产业发展的重点,该文应用SWOT分析法对甘肃省制种产业进行了剖析,提出了甘肃省制种产业的对策,为甘肃的优势产业发展理出理论依据。     

产品出村“惊喜一跳”——李锦华访农业农村部副部长屈冬玉

正产业扶贫,产销对接是关键。7月26日,由农业农村部、甘肃省人民政府共同主办,以"产品出村·助力脱贫"为主题的2018西北贫困地区农产品产销对接活动暨甘肃特色农产品贸易洽谈会在兰州举行。中国农村杂志社全媒体记者对农业部门、采购商等相关负责人进行了采访,探讨如何帮助西部贫困地区实现产业脱贫。     

干旱区农业关键技术对功能区划的影响  ———以“全膜双垄沟播”技术为例

该文以甘肃省在"十一五"期间大力推行的"全膜双垄沟播"旱作农业技术为例,对甘肃省农业功能区的划分进行了拓展和展望。研究表明,该项农业关键技术的创新与推广将会使甘肃省中部的11个干旱县由"就业和生活保障"功能区转变为"农产品供给"功能区,从而承担马铃薯种植、玉米制种等多项特色农产品产业发展的重要任务。     

甘肃省农业现代化水平评价及影响因素分析

农业现代化对于转变农业农村生产方式,提升农村经济发展具有重要意义.从甘肃省现代农业发展的实际情况出发,构建了农业现代化评价指标体系.文章所构建的指标体系包含了4个一级指标,12个二级指标.基于甘肃省2019年14个市(州)的统计数据,采用因子分析法对甘肃省农业现代化发展水平进行评价研究.研究发现,甘肃农业现代化发展进程...     

壮哉! 70车农产品从甘肃齐发全国市场!

正本刊讯(记者崔建玲)产品出村,助力脱贫。7月26日上午10时50分,由农业农村部、甘肃省人民政府主办的2018西北贫困地区农产品产销对接活动暨甘肃特色农产品贸易洽谈会上,随着甘肃省兰州市委书记李荣灿一声发车令,70辆披红戴花整装待发、载有大宗特色农产品的货车从甘肃特色农产品交易中心蔬菜     

甘肃市州农业现代化发展综合评价

［目的］基于相同的评价标准框架,测评不同区域的农业现代化发展水平,对不同地区间量化差距、找准短板和借鉴经验至关重要。［方法］参照“全国农业现代化监测评价指标体系”,构建了包含6个一级指标18个二级测评指标的甘肃市州农业现代化评价指标体系,运用多指标综合测度法,对甘肃省市州农业现代化发展水平进行评价。［结果］甘肃农业现代化进程相对缓慢,总体处于转型跨越阶段和发展阶段; 省内各市州间呈不均衡发展,嘉峪关、白银2市发展情况较好,金昌、张掖、酒泉、武威、兰州5市居中,定西、临夏、甘南、庆阳、陇南、平凉、天水7市州较滞后。［结论］与全国农业现代化发展水平相比较,甘肃市州农业现代化发展差距最大的是农业产业体系,其次是质量效益体系,而且土地适度规模化经营比重低严重制约经营体系现代化。未来甘肃省各市州促进农业现代化进程的重点是培养多元化农村产业融合主体、深化农业产业链条、推进土地流转促进适度规模经营,创新模式促进农业经营方式转变; 需要倾斜资金着力解决广大山旱区农业基础设施薄弱等问题,提高规模化、机械化、信息化水平及产业融合度,发展以科技、装备、信息等现代投入要素为核心的现代农业。     

甘肃“银政担”模式支持特色扶贫产业发展

<正>甘肃分行采取"银政担"模式,积极与省金控公司开展担保合作,充分利用产业化龙头企业贷款等产品,支持甘肃特色产业发展。一、项目背景甘肃省地域广阔,生态、地理、气候条件多样,光照、生物资源丰富,为牛羊、蔬菜、水果、马铃薯、中药材等农产品种植养殖提供了较好的发展基础。同时,受到地域及经济发展水平制约,全省深度贫困县33个,脱贫攻坚任务艰巨,产业发展不足。2018年初,甘肃省政府办公厅印发《甘肃省培育壮大特色农业产业助推脱贫攻坚实施意见》,计划通过三年努力,以牛、羊、菜、果、蔬、     

以农产品加工业为引领推进农村一二三产业融合发展

今年中央一号文件提出,要把产业链、价值链等现代产业组织方式引入农业,推进农村一二三产业融合发展.通过农业“接二连三”和农产品加工业前延后伸,引领农村一二三产业融合发展,让农民不仅分享种养业而且分享加工流通休闲旅游带来的收益,有利于破解“三农”问题,补齐农业现代化短板,构建新型工农城乡关系,助推全面建成小康社会,也为今后一个时期我国农产品加工业、休闲农业发展和农村产业发展的指明了方向,提出了新任务新要求.     

甘肃省农业现代化水平综合评价及划分研究

[目的]"新四化"的提出为农业现代化发展提供了新动力。在前人的研究基础上,以甘肃省为例,构建了包含农业投入、产出、生活和可持续发展等多指标在内的农业现代化水平综合评价体系,对甘肃省农业现代化水平进行了综合评价以及区域划分。[方法]基于综合评价体系中各指标权重确定的客观性,运用降维处理的因子分析方法提取了农业投入产出现代化、农业生活现代化以及农业可持续发展3个公共因子,依据其特征根值确定了各指标的权重系数,通过相关数据对甘肃省14个市/州的农业现代化分项水平和农业现代化综合水平进行了测算,并利用聚类分析方法进行了区域分类归属。[结果]测算结果表明甘肃省各地区农业现代化水平差异较为明显,甘肃省14个市/州农业现代化水平分属为完全实现阶段、基本实现阶段、加快发展阶段和起步阶段4种区域类型。[结论]甘肃省区域间农业现代化水平差异形成的主要因素为区域自然禀赋和历史积累,要通过多种举措提升甘肃省农业现代化综合水平。     

促进兵团农产品加工业高质量发展的四点建议

作为兵团农业经济发展的支柱性产业,农产品加工业对于兵团乡村振兴意义重大。兵团农产品资源丰富,但农产品收益低,浪费严重。发展农产品加工业是提高农民收益、促进兵团农业经济发展、实现乡村振兴的重要保障。兵团农产品加工业高质量发展面临产业结构较大偏差、师市产业结构趋同化、农产品加工业波动剧烈以及部分产业面临较大压力等制约因素。兵团农产品加工业高质量发展应以城乡融合发展缩小兵团产业结构偏差,以比较优势发展战略破除农产品加工产业结构趋同化,做强做优重点行业企业,避免产业发展剧烈波动,向管理要成绩,促进兵团农产品加工企业提质升级。     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.     

国土资源行政管理的若干应用基础理论问题（上）——自然资源属性分析

从自然属性、技术属性、经济属性三个角度分析入手 ,建立了自然资源的科学分类体系。     

实施全球资源战略 保障资源供应安全

实施全球资源战略是经济全球化趋势的客观要求,而经济全球化在为发展中国家提供发展机遇的同时,又对国家安全提出了严峻挑战.本文在阐述我国实施全球资源战略客观性、必要性的基础上,提出了我国实施全球资源战略中防范和抵御全球化负面影响、保障资源供应安全的措施建议.     

重构乡村基层社会生活的实态--一个值得深入考察的徽州古村落宅坦

古村落宅坦位于绩溪西部的崇山峻岭之中 ,胡氏宗族在生存条件极为恶劣的情况下 ,组织族人改造环境 ,使之成为人与自然和谐相处的乡村社会。千百年来 ,在特定的时空条件下 ,经过一系列的社会变迁 ,古村落已形成宗族组织、文化科举和商业的良性互动 ,从而创造了古村落的文明。三者之间宗族居于核心地位。传统中国社会的动乱也会在这里引起反响 ,但是由于宗族聚居的格局使古村落乃至徽州社会具有特殊的应变力 ,直至近代仍保持自身的稳定。宅坦村有着丰富的资料遗存 ,为我们在宅坦从事田野考察、重构古村落的实态 ,提供了必要的前提。可以预见 ,宅坦必将以其丰富的人文内涵为世人所瞩目