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With growing interest, the importance of speech characteristics is being discussed in business literature. Particularly speech varieties such as a regional dialect or a foreign accent of a speaker affect the success of business interaction significantly. The present paper systematically depicts these effects by conducting a literature review. The underlying processes of accent and dialect effects are discussed and empirical findings of business research are presented. Since this topic is highly interdisciplinary, findings of peripheral research disciplines such as linguistic science and social psychology are integrated. Having given a comprehensive state-of-art review, the present paper develops a theoretical framework, which integrates previous partial theories and the fragmentary empirical findings. Based on this framework, the paper suggests directives for future research. 相似文献
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In order to differentiate from their competitors, marketing managers increasingly count on relationship marketing instruments. As customer loyalty programs have gained importance during the last decade, retailers face various new possibilities to reach their customers on a one-to-one level. However, empirical evidence in this field shows that the enormous investments do not always yield the desired effects. One reason is that marketing managers disregard that the effectiveness of different instruments might depend on particular conditions, target groups, and situations. The article gives an overview about the influence of relationship marketing instruments on customers’ attitudes and behaviors. It provides a holistic classification of relationship marketing instruments and explains the effectiveness from a theoretical perspective. We summarize empirical studies dealing with the effectiveness of different instruments under certain conditions. Furthermore, we derive implications for retail managers about how to successfully use relationship marketing instruments. Finally, we discuss directions for future research. 相似文献
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Professor Dr. Johann Pfanzagl 《Metrika》1960,3(1):1-25
Zusammenfassung Es werden Verteilungen betrachtet, die (bezüglich irgendeines Ma?es) eine Dichte der GestaltC(ϑ) exp [ϑ x] besitzen. Für solche Verteilungen werden (ein- und zweiseitige) Tests und Konfidenzintervalle mit gewissen Optimalit?tseigenschaften
entwickelt, und zwar fürϑ, für die Differenzϑ
1 −ϑ
2, sowie für einige Versionen desk-Stichproben Problems. Sodann werden einige Hilfss?tze über den bedingten Erwartungswert und die bedingte Varianz von zweiparametrigen
Verteilungen abgeleitet, die bezüglich des einen Parameters reproduktiv sind und eine bezüglich des zweiten Parameters ersch?pfende
und vollst?ndige Funktion besitzen. Schlie?lich werden die allgemeinen Ergebnisse auf einige diskrete Verteilungen (Binomial,
Poisson, negativ Binomial, Pascal) angewendet und der Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen bekannten Tests diskutiert.
Summary Probability distributions are considered which (with respect to any measure) possess a density function of the typeC(ϑ) exp [ϑ x]. For distributions of this type (one and twosided) tests and confidence intervals with some optimal properties are given, namely forϑ, for the differenceϑ 1 −ϑ 2, and for several versions of thek-sample problem. Furthermore, some lemmas concerning the conditional expectation and the conditional variance are proved for two-parameter families of distributions which are reproductive in one parameter and possess a complete statistic, sufficient for the second parameter. Finally the general results are applied to some discrete distributions (binomial, Poisson, negative binomial, Pascal) and the relationship to several fairly known tests is discussed.相似文献
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It is essential for companies that offered products meet consumer preferences to ensure the corporate performance in the long term. Besides Conjoint Approaches, Self-Explicated-Approaches are the most common approaches to determine consumer preferences. Surprisingly, despite the relevance of Self-Explicated-Approaches existing research has mainly focused on decompositional preference measurement approaches. The article provides an overview of all existing Self-Explicated-Approaches and shows that only a few have been implemented so far and identifies most promising new Self-Explicated-Approaches for future research. Besides an evaluation of Self-Explicated-Approaches based on accuracy criteria we also take application-oriented criteria into account in order to illustrate most appropriate Self-Explicated-Approaches for business applications. 相似文献
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S?ren Dressler 《Controlling & Management》2011,55(2):74-75
PRAXIS | Magazin
Drehscheibe für das Finanz- und Rechnungswesen Konferenz-Preview 相似文献12.
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Dr. Martin Kröll 《Zeitschrift für Management》2010,5(3):305-329
Based on the fact of an increasing dynamic and complexity of environmental changes organizations are confronted with huge challenges not least concerning Human Resource Management (HRM). Therefore the present paper deals with the concrete arrangement of the HRM of organizations in a situation like those described. Starting with the results of an empirical study, different orientations of HRM could be discovered in the organizations reviewed. Three types of organizations were found. Depending on these types HRM instruments are emphasized differently as to competency development inside the organization. The types can be described as follow: 1st the personal appraisal type, 2nd the personnel planning type and 3rd the personnel selection type. Taking this differentiation as a starting point, divergent preferences in the frequencies of usage and the evaluation of HRM instruments can be assessed. Potentials and thresholds of organizational learning in HRM are discussed finally against the background of this knowledge. 相似文献
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Praxis / MagazinIT-L?sungen
Unterstützung von Aufsichtsratst?tigkeit und Hauptversammlungen 相似文献20.
Variance ratio tests can be considered the state-of-the-art methodology for testing stock markets for random walk behavior. This article reviews recent developments in the area. Furthermore, it analyzes whether the recent financial crisis has influenced the random walk behavior of international stock markets. Our findings based on individual and multiple variance ratio tests can be summarized as follows: (i) There appears to be less evidence against the random walk hypothesis in industrialized markets than there is in emerging markets. (ii) Industrialized countries’ stock market behavior seems to be less affected by the financial crisis than the one of emerging markets. (iii) The choice of individual or multiple variance ratio test does not crucially influence our main conclusions. 相似文献