湖南“四化两型”背景下的粮食安全问题

粮食是人们维持生存的必需品,粮食安全问题涉及贸易、人口、生产、储存等各个方面。在全球市场化的条件下,粮食贸易无法避免,粮食贸易与粮食安全密切相关,笔者从湖南省粮食供需现状、粮食结构、粮食贸易等方面着手分析粮食安全问题。粮食供需方面:主要粮食作物水稻产量下降;粮食结构方面:水稻面临的贸易风险加大,且未来粮食安全问题更多的表现在粮食贸易与流通环节,将粮食安全同粮食进出口贸易结合起来,进口是保证粮食安全的重要途径,但不是首要策略。在湖南省大力推进"四化两型"社会建设的背景下,分析影响湖南省粮食安全各因素及国内外保障粮食安全的方法,以此为基础找出适合湖南省粮食安全的对策方法。     

中国粮食安全的挑战与出路

粮食安全一直是关系到国民生存和发展的命脉问题,由于我国的水资源形势严峻,人口分布和耕地分布不均,水旱灾害严重等问题,导致我国粮食安全危机四伏,近些年来环境的污染更加重了粮食安全的生态赤字。这些问题都给我国的粮食安全带来了许多新的挑战。我国历届政府都十分重视粮食安全问题,尤其是近些年出台了一系列对人口、土地等与粮食安全问题密切联系的政策,对我国的粮食安全问题都起到了不同程度的影响和作用。然而我国面临的粮食问题仍然是现今发展和谐社会的巨大挑战。本文就现今粮食安全的诸多问题,通过对人口、土地、水资源,生态环境等因素的分析和政策的选择,在全球化的背景下,寻求中国未来粮食安全的出路。     

安徽粮食生产潜力及应对措施探讨

粮食安全始终是关系我国国民经济发展、社会稳定和国家自立的全局性重大战略问题。但我国人口众多,对粮食的需求量大,粮食安全的基础比较脆弱。从今后发展趋势看,随着工业化、城镇化的发展以及人口增加和人民生活水平提高,粮食消费需求将呈刚性增长,而耕地减少、水资源短缺、气候变化等对粮食生产的约束日益突出。     

我国粮食安全的影响因素及其对策

在影响粮食安全的各种因素中,人口增长、消费结构升级、生物质能源需求增加、城市化水平提高是影响粮食需求的主要因素,耕地数量减少、耕地质量下降、水资源匮乏、气候条件异常、科技进步、种粮成本是影响粮食生产的主要因素,而外贸依存度、粮食储备能力也是影响粮食安全的重要因素.为了保证粮食安全,必须严格保护耕地,遏制耕地的减少;加强农田水利基础设施建设,提高农业综合生产能力;强化科技支撑,提高粮食单产和品质;加强土地环境保护,减少污染;完善粮食储备,健全储备粮食调控机制等.     

基于粮食安全保障的粮食生产者利益补偿机制研究

汉书曰"民以食为天,食以粮为源。"我国是粮食生产大国同时也是人口大国,如何解决庞大人口的吃饭问题是关乎着国计民生的头等大事。近几年,我国粮食出现了相对过剩的局面,但这种供大于求的背后还隐藏着诸多不稳定的因素。即使是在目前粮食供略大于求的情况下,我国的粮食安全程度仍然很低。当前粮食等农产品供需情况,总体上处于"总量基本平衡,结构性紧缺"。因此,粮食安全问题不容小觑,需要制定长期的战略方针。在粮食获利较低这一情况下很难保障粮食生产安全,政府应该通过构建粮食生产要素的保障体系来保护粮食的生产能力,提升粮食安全系数。制定比较完善的粮食生产者利益补偿机制,有利于稳定粮食生产,保障粮食生产者的利益,促进农业发展。     

河南省粮食产业高质量发展的推进路径研究

粮食安全是国家安全的重要基础.河南作为农业大省,农业特别是粮食生产对全国的影响举足轻重.文章分析了河南省在粮食生产和粮食产业方面的成效、优势,指出了存在粮食生产基础不牢、产品结构不优、粮食生产效益不高等问题和短板,提出了应重点建设粮食产业现代化发展的"六大中心"、加大高标准农田建设力度,夯实粮食安全保障基础等策略建议.     

世界粮食安全形势与我国粮食安全对策

<正> 近年来,世界粮食供求形势急剧变化。保障粮食安全已经成为各国特别是发展中国家日益关注的重大政治、经济和社会问题。我国是拥有12亿多人口的大国,也是粮食生产与粮食消费大国,密切注视世界粮食安全形势的发展变化,把握世界粮食安全的发展规律,制定相应的对策,保障我国粮食安全,是实现社会经济快速、稳定发展的迫切需要。     

河南粮食安全生产存在的主要问题及对策

粮食问题是一个关系国计民生的重要问题,作为农业大省,改革开放以来,河南粮食生产进入了一个高速发展阶段。但是,河南粮食产量并非逐年递增,而呈现出一种波动。随着人均耕地面积日益减少,粮食品种结构的不合理,农业资金的短缺,劳动力的匾乏等,这些都对河南省的粮食生产产生了不利的影响。本文着重阐述了目前河南粮食安全生产过程中存在的主要问题,提出了相应的对策和建议,为未来的粮食安全生产提供指导.     

城镇化进程中如何提升粮食安全与储备

我国素来有"民以食为天"的说法,足以说明从古至今,粮食在百姓日常生活中起着无可替代的重要作用。我国是粮食大国也是人口大国,粮食的安全与储备量不仅影响着国民生计更影响着社会的长治久安。近些年我国在社会经济上取得了巨大的发展成果,城镇常住人口大幅提高,城镇化率节节攀升,由此带来了不少问题,而粮食问题则是其中最为突出的问题。城镇建设占用耕地、周边环境污染导致土地肥力下降、务农人口锐减等一系列问题在城镇化进程中一步步凸显出来,严重影响着我国的粮食安全与粮食储备。在这种现状下,找准方法提升粮食安全与储备则是重中之重。     

增产节约,提高粮食有效供给

粮食是需求弹性较小的商品,虽然我国粮食产量实现了“九连增”,但是粮食产后和消费环节的损失浪费非常严重,粮食供给又存在着土地和水资源的硬性约束以及耕地的撂荒等现象,我国粮食安全形势不容乐观.文章提出了依靠粮食物流信息化、指导农民科学储粮、减少粮食资源消耗以及加强节粮教育等措施,努力降低粮食的损失浪费,并充分利用政策手段保护耕地、科技兴农,从而保障粮食安全.     

纳米技术在聚烯烃中的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的优点、使用价值和近年来国内外聚烯烃纳米复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了无机粒子／聚烯烃复合材料和粘土／聚烯烃复合材料，重点阐述了粘土与聚乙烯、聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备方法及粘土／聚烯烃纳米复合材料插层热力学分析，对目前聚烯烃纳米复合材料存在问题及发展前景进行了探讨。     

Developments in Consumer Protection in India

This paper surveys the major developments in the field of consumer protection in India since 1984, when the statutory provisions for regulating unfair trade practices were incorporated for the first time.Among the developments described in the paper is the strengthening of provisions for consumer protection through amendments to the Act regulating restrictive and monopolistic trade practices (the MTRP Act). Public-sector undertakings and co-operative societies have been brought within the purview of the Act, and consumers have obtained the right to participate in inquiry proceedings before the MRTP Commission.Consumers and their associations have been given the right to seek redress of grievances arising out of the violation of certain pieces of legislation, including the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was enacted in order to provide speedy and inexpensive redress of consumers' grievances. Redress can now be sought before any consumer court also for negligence or deficiency in medical services.The Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986, has strengthened the measures for the standardisation and quality control of manufactured goods.A Consumer Welfare Fund has been set up to provide financial assistance to voluntary consumer organisations and for the general development of consumer movement in the country. A spurt in voluntary consumer organisations in different parts of the country can also be observed.Other developments include the establishment of a separate Department of Consumer Affairs in the Union Government and the setting up of a Consumer Product Testing Laboratory.     

关于我国资产证券化若干问题的探讨

资产证券化是一项复杂的金融工具创新,引进和实施这种新型的融资工具需要大量的配套工作。我国实施资产证券化需要解决特设机构的设立、基础资产的选择、破产隔离、信用增级、会计处理、税收政策以及立法和监管等方面的问题。     

Healthy Investments in Investing in Health

This article discusses socially responsible investing (SRI) and tobacco. SRI allows investors, both institutional and individual, to express their concerns and make their social and ethical stands known to the companies they invest in and patronize. The tobacco industry is active in every country on the globe and generates huge profits, while tobacco use is responsible for 4 million deaths every year.The authors explore past and current views on investment in tobacco, partly based on a survey conducted by the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is clearly a trend toward divestment from tobacco for both ethical and financial reasons. Tobacco-free investments can be both ethically sound and financially profitable.     

Economic Keywords in 2007 in China

RMB exchange rate The exchange rate of Renminbi,the Chinese currency, witnessed an appreciation of around six percent to one U.S. dollar this year. On December 13, the central parity rate stood at RMB 7.3568 against one dollar,according to the Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading System, breaking the 7.36 mark.     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

粤北山区砖园仓储粮机械通风应用研究

在砖园仓机械通风应用试验中,正确运用理论计算,精确得出通风技术数据,依此设计通风系统,结果表明：在实仓运行中,检测的主要技术参数和设计值基本相符,经136h通风,粮温从38℃降至13℃,吨粮降温耗电0.011℃,降温好、电耗低,证明设计方法正确,符合南方稻谷产区,解决了基层普遍存在的砖园仓机械通风盲目设计问题,为规范设计作出了示范,验证了粮层压力正确计算方法。     

Injuries in different socio-economic groups in Finland

Introduction. Suicides are a hidden and unrecognized epidemic in the Indian region, affecting predominantly younger age groups. Information on causative risk factors and mechanisms is not available in the country, which is crucial for designing intervention programmes.

Objectives. To identify and quantify risk factors for completed suicides in the city of Bangalore.

Methods. A case–control study was conducted with the families of 269 completed suicides and 269 living controls within the broader population of the city using psychological autopsy methods.

Results. The study has shown that several factors in the areas of family, marriage, education, occupation, general health, mental health and absence of protective factors contribute significantly for suicides. The cumulative and repetitive interaction of several factors in a complex manner results in suicides. The significant factors were presence of previous suicidal attempt in self (odds ratio (OR) = 42.62), interpersonal conflicts and marital disharmony with spouse (OR = 27.98), alcoholism in self (OR = 23.38), presence of a mental illness (OR = 11.07), sudden economic bankruptcy (OR = 7.1), domestic violence (OR = 6.82) and unemployment (OR = 6.15). Individuals completing suicides did not have a positive outlook towards life, problem-solving approaches and coping skills.

Conclusion. The observed findings are at variance with suicidal causation in the West in some areas operating in a different sociocultural and economic environment. The intervention strategies should include prioritized macro and micro level efforts aimed at individual, family and society.