基于数据包络分析的综合类生态工业园区环境绩效研究

采用数据包络分析法对中国24家综合类生态工业园环境绩效进行实证研究,研究表明:整体而言,园区环境效率非有效性主要来自纯技术非有效性,次要来自规模非有效性。各园区在环境绩效上存在较大差异,通过验收的国家生态工业示范园区在环境绩效上并无明显优势。大部分经济体量大的园区需要适当控制规模提升效率。研究还为园区未来环境调控提出定量化的调整建议,为未来我国深入推进生态工业园建设提供参考。     

Economic and environmental performance of wastewater treatment plants: Potential reductions in greenhouse gases emissions

Sanitation and wastewater treatment are essential for protecting human health and environmental sustainability. Treatment processes are not free of environmental impacts; consequently assessment of the environmental performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has gained interest in recent years. Unlike other methods, a direct approach is followed to estimate environmental performance indicators (EPIs) using data envelopment analysis (DEA), i.e. an index of overall performance is directly obtained. The present study represents pioneering work to integrate environmental impacts in the assessment of the efficiency of WWTP estimating pure (PEPI) and mixed (MEPI) environmental performance indices for a sample of 60 Spanish WWTPs. Both direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were considered as undesirable outputs. The best functioning WWTPs to be used as references were identified, and the potential for GHG reductions was quantified. A second-stage analysis was conducted to isolate factors affecting WWTP environmental performance. The results of this study are valuable for WWTP operators and policy makers, since the benchmark procedure allows support for environmental and managerial decision-making.     

应用DEA方法评测中国各地区健康生产效率

本文将地区健康系统视为健康生产决策单元,通过数据包络分析方法(DEA)对地区健康生产进行效率评测和影响因素分析。我们发现:各年份处于生产前沿面上的省份各不相同,而远离前沿面的省份基本一致,总体而言平均健康生产效率不断提高;根据效率和产出可以将全国划分为六类具有不同的效率提高路径的地区;健康生产效率在东、中、西部,东、西部和东、中部之间存在显著差异;地区人口密度与健康生产效率之间存在显著的相关关系,公共健康投入比例与健康生产效率之间呈现并不十分显著的负相关关系,这可能是公共财政支出不当偏重倾向的结果;城乡居民在支付能力与健康生产效率之间的关系上恰好相反,这可能与城乡之间截然不同的收入水平和公共服务待遇相关,因而应当采取有针对性的医疗卫生政策。     

基于数据包络(DEA)分析的京津冀地区环境绩效评估研究

提高资源环境绩效是区域生态环境治理的核心与关键。在构建环境绩效评估指标体系的基础上,运用数据包络分析模型（DEA）测度并分析2005-2015年京津冀地区静态环境绩效水平。利用Malmquist指数动态分析法将环境绩效分解为技术效率变化指数和技术进步指数,并探讨分解指标对环境绩效的相对贡献。结果显示：京津冀地区环境治理投入与产出水平均呈现逐年上升趋势;北京和天津的总体环境绩效水平要远高于河北,2005-2011年京津冀地区的环境绩效水平排序为北京、天津、河北,2012-2015年京津冀地区的环境绩效水平排序为天津、北京、河北（2013年除外）。河北省环境绩效水平较低的主要制约因素是技术进步缓慢与全要素生产率偏低。Malmquist指数呈现出一定的波性,这主要是由技术变化指标波动所致。最后,就如何提升京津冀地区环境绩效水平,提出相关对策建议。     

A DEA model for resource allocation

This paper concerns inverse DEA. The aim is to estimate input/output levels of a given Decision Making Unit (DMU) when some or all of its input/output levels are changed, under preserving the efficiency index. We show that in the case of estimating increased required input vector when the output vector is increased, the current method which uses weakly efficient solution of the relevant multiple objective optimization problem may fail. We propose some sufficient conditions for input estimation.     

基于DEA方法的农作物成本效率测度及区域特征分析——以大豆为例

农作物的成本效率是影响农业生产的重要因素。以大豆为例,利用DEA的成本效率模型对2004—2008年大豆的成本效率进行测度,并从纯技术效率、规模效率和配置效率三个方面对其进行分析。同时,结合变异系数比较了大豆主产区的不同成本效率特征,并分析了纯技术效率、规模效率和配置效率对成本效率造成的影响。结果表明,大豆的成本效率并不高,配置效率是主要影响因素,因此应调整资源配置以提高成本效率。另外,大豆主产区之间的成本效率相差较大,应调整大豆生产区域以发挥地区比较优势。     

The productivity of French technology transfer offices after government reforms

This article assesses the productivity change of the French technology transfer offices (TTOs) after the introduction of the July 1999 innovation law and the new public management oriented reform. By using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-based Malmquist productivity index, we find an average increase in the short-term productivity of the French TTOs driven by both positive efficiency and technology change. The bootstrap analysis reveals that these improvements are ascribed to 50% of the TTO systems, while the remaining part does not show significant changes. Moreover, while older TTOs positively contribute to the performance of French TTOs in the short run, young TTOs with hospital seem to contribute negatively to the efficiency of the entire system.     

Pollution without subsidy? What is the environmental performance index overlooking?

Agriculture is heavily subsidized in most Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, and environmental externalities can occur due to pollution caused by protectionist policies. This study examines the structure of agricultural protection in OECD countries from a chronological and comparative perspective. In addition, the policy-environment interaction is scrutinized to better explain the environmental implications of agricultural policies in the era of globalization. This paper critically evaluates the environmental performance index and recommends that this index includes polluting inputs in future calculations.     

An index of macroeconomic performance

This article develops a composite index of macroeconomic performance (IMP) and uses this index to ask: did the macroeconomic performance of the US economy improve during the 1990s relative to its own past performance; and has US macroeconomic performance been superior to that of other advanced capitalist economies during the post‐war period as a whole? It is demonstrated that by studying the behaviour of an IMP, it is possible to draw conclusions about these comparative macroeconomic performance puzzles that are robust with respect to changes between multiple index weighting schemes.     

基于DEA-ESDA的甘肃省城乡统筹发展效率评价及其空间差异分析

基于2009年甘肃省14个地级市(州)城乡统筹发展的面板数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)评价了各区域的城乡统筹发展效率,并通过探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)对其空间差异变化特征与规律进行了分析。结果表明:甘肃省城乡统筹发展效率总体上呈西高东低、南北分化的分布特征,并存两大"DEA有效"极核;规模效率是当前制约甘肃省城乡统筹发展综合效率的主要方面;全省普遍存在投入冗余现象,可通过优化环境、产业结构高级化、突出特色产业、提升产业技术、提高劳动力素质及提高城市化水平等途径来提高区域的城乡统筹发展效率;各区域之间城乡统筹发展效率的空间差异显著,体现出"阶梯型"发展和两极"俱乐部趋同"的态势。基于DEA-ESDA的研究方法可以清楚地解释甘肃省城乡统筹发展效率及其空间差异问题,并为城乡统筹发展评价研究提供案例参考和科学依据。     

河南省旅游产业结构优化升级研究——基于文化创意视角

运用偏离—份额分析法（SSM）和数据包络分析法（DEA）,对河南省旅游产业结构的合理性及旅游产业的投入产出效率进行分析,研究表明：旅游产业结构不尽合理,旅游部门结构效益差别大,但总体竞争能力较强;河南省旅游产业综合效益水平较低,但旅游业市场潜力巨大。从创意旅游角度,提出河南省旅游产业结构优化升级的建议：用创意挖掘旅游资源,通过资源整合促进旅游产业结构优化升级;用创意创造旅游产品,以产品创新促使旅游产业结构优化升级;用创意拓展旅游产业链,以业态创新促使旅游产业结构优化升级。     

Dynamic environmental performance analysis: A Malmquist index approach

This article presents a general framework for dynamic environmental performance analysis by generalizing the approach proposed by Kuosmanen and Kortelainen [Kuosmanen, T., Kortelainen, M., 2005. Measuring Eco-Efficiency of Production with Data Envelopment Analysis. Journal of Industrial Ecology 9(4), 59-72.] from a static to a dynamic setting. For this purpose we construct an environmental performance index (EPI) by applying frontier efficiency techniques and a Malmquist index approach. Compared to other dynamic environmental productivity and efficiency analysis approaches based on these methods, our approach builds on the standard definition of eco-efficiency as it is presented in the ecological economics literature. Recognizing the importance to analyze the sources of environmental performance changes, we show how changes in overall environmental performance can be decomposed into changes in relative eco-efficiency and shifts in environmental technology, respectively. We apply the presented technique at the macro level to dynamic environmental performance analysis of 20 member states of the European Union in 1990-2003. According to the results, environmental technical change mostly explains the improvement in overall environmental performance, while relative eco-efficiency change has been minor for most countries during the sample period.     

考虑能源、环境因素的中国工业效率评价——基于SBM模型的省级数据分析

如何在提高技术效率的同时,降低工业的资源环境负荷,实现经济与资源环境的多赢,是摆在全世界面前的严峻课题。本文采用SBM模型,利用线性规划技术,对1998-2008年资源环境约束下我国工业的环境效率展开实证分析。我们发现,总体上,在资源环境约束与技术进步的共同作用下,全国SBM环境效率微降;从静态观察,地区尤其是西部与东部沿海地区之间,协调性水平存在明显差距,从动态观察,沿海与中部地区工业与资源环境协调性变化不大,而东北与西部地区均出现了阶段性下降。究其原因:经济结构重型化、工业企业规模过大制约SBM环境效率的提高;生活水平提高、自主创新与技术引进、外商直接投资则有利于工业与资源环境协调发展。     

Applying DEA, MPI, and grey model to explore the operation performance of the Taiwanese wafer fabrication industry

The study applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to explore the operation performances of the Taiwanese wafer fabrication companies from 2004 to 2007. The input variables are total assets, operation costs, and selling and administrative expenditures, while the output variable is net sales. The results show that if Taiwanese wafer fabrication companies want to increase their operation performances, they should improve their CRS and VRS efficiencies not scale efficiency. Furthermore, this paper utilizes GM (1,1) - one order and one variable in the grey model - to forecast the growth trend of the Taiwanese wafer fabrication industry from 2008 to 2010, and then employs GM (1,N) - one order and N variables in the grey model - to measure the influences of the input variables upon the output variable. This study demonstrates that the most influential factor for the output variable, net sales, is selling and administrative expenditures.     

广告收入上限的规制涵义--基于电视产业的分析

文章在电视产业规制实践的基础上,把节目编排作为衡量电视传播企业的主要产出,在理论上证明了当观众的总需求固定时,三类电视频道都存在基于DEA的广告收入上限,其规制涵义在于,当把广告收入看作规制者给予电视传播企业的一种转移支付的形式时,基于DEA的广告收入上限给出了促进三种经营方式竞争的规制框架,因此,国家对广告收入上限的规制有着合理的理论基础。     

环境管制与全要素生产率增长:APEC的实证研究

本文运用Malmquist-Luenberger指数方法测度了APEC17个国家和地区1980—2004年包含CO2排放的全要素生产率增长及其成分。首先,估计了对CO2的排放没有管制、CO2排放水平保持不变、CO2排放水平减少三种情形下的生产率指数及其成分。其次,对影响环境管制下全要素生产率增长的因素进行了实证检验。本文主要的结论有:在平均意义上,考虑环境管制后,APEC的全要素生产率增长水平提高,技术进步是其增长的源泉;17个国家和地区中,有7个国家和地区至少移动生产可能性边界1次;人均GDP、工业化水平、技术无效率水平、劳均资本、人均能源使用量和开放度均对环境管制下的全要素生产率增长有显著的影响。     

农业产业化龙头上市企业经营效率的实证研究

28家农业产业化龙头上市企业的整体运营效率并不十分理想,综合效率平均值为0．807,但具有较大的发展潜力,并且受规模、技术、管理等因素的制约。为促进龙头上市企业发展,提高运行效率,需适度扩大资产规模,实现规模经济,提高科技和管理水平;增强企业核心竞争力;加大政府支持力度,营造宽松环境。     

Public sector transparency and countries’ environmental performance: A nonparametric analysis

Based on the theoretical background of the link between countries’ public sector transparency and environmental policy, our paper provides empirical evidence for a sample of 49 countries for the time period of 1995–2000. Assuming that countries’ environmental performance is a product of their environmental regulations and policies, we utilize a nonparametric estimator for investigating the link with public sector's transparency levels. Specifically, by applying conditional directional distance function models, we incorporate on the measurement of countries’ environmental performance the effect of their public sector transparency levels. In a second stage analysis applying local constant estimators, the results reveal an inverted ‘U’-shape relationship between countries’ public sector transparency levels and their environmental performance.     

我国工业行业技术分解测度与技术溢出渠道分析

首先构建了行业内研发、行业间研发和进出口贸易所带来的技术溢出对技术进步、技术效率及全要素生产率影响的计量模型,然后使用数据包络分析法(DEA)计算了我国工业行业效率指数、技术进步指数和表示全要素生产率的Malquist指数,最后使用我国工业行业数据对计量模型进行了估计。结果表明,国内本行业研发和国内其他行业研发提升本行业技术进步指数的同时降低了行业效率指数,行业内研发对全要素生产率的贡献为正,而行业间研发对全要素生产率的贡献不显著,进口和出口对生产效率的提高无显著作用,对技术进步产生了正向的溢出,进口对全要素生产率的贡献为正,而出口对全要素生产率的贡献不显著。     

高校科技成果转化效率测度分析与影响因素扎根研究

运用DEA-Malmquist指数评价模型对江苏省32所高校的科技成果转化效率进行了测度分析。研究发现：2009-2014年间高校科技成果产出与转化效率有显著提高,虽然成果产出是转化的基础,但产出并不必然实现转化,也不能决定转化成效;经济发达且科教资源密集区域高校的成果转化效率相对较高;地方高校相较985与211高校更具成果转化优势;工科类、综合类与农林类高校间的成果转化效率不具有显著差异,医药类高校的转化劣势较明显。最后,针对转化效率差异及影响因素进行了扎根研究,提取出3个核心范畴的影响因素,分别是国家政策、区域环境与组织行为。