中小企业技术创新网络的知识创造研究

中小企业以知识创造为目标构建或加入技术创新网络,以与网络中其它组织之间的优势互补、相互协作的方式来进行合作创新,为中小企业技术创新能力的提高提供了可行性思路。将典型的技术创新网络分为弱连接和强连接两种形态,在分析网络特征及知识创造过程的基础上,分别提出了两种形态在技术创新网络内部知识创造的机制模型。     

From sure to strong diversification

This paper presents a characterization of weak risk aversion in terms of preference for sure diversification. Similarly, we show that strong risk aversion can be characterized by weakening preference for diversification,as introduced by Dekel (Econometrica 57:163,1989), in what we call preference for strong diversification. We are grateful to Jean-Yves Jaffray, Peter Wakker and anonymous reference for very helpful suggestions and comments.     

On the limits to energy growth

Although the total rate at which energy is released into the environment by man is only a fraction of one per cent as large as the heat absorbed from solar radiation, the continued escalation of energy use could cause global thermal pollution in a surprising short time. If the rate of energy use continues to increase as it has over the past ten years, serious climatic changes could result before the end of this century.     

Currency substitution and seignorage in eastern europe

Economic and political uncertainty, high inflation and liberalization of foreign exchange restrictions have encouraged substantial currency substitution in the economies in transition. This paper presents empirical evidence on currency substitution in four Eastern European countries in transition: Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. It is shown how currency substitution affects money demand and by that seignorage revenues. The empirical estimates of the money demand functions are used to calculate the seignorage maximizing rate of inflation in the economies in transition.     

企业资源对新创上市公司创业投资决策的影响

公司创业投资（CVC）是企业外延式发展的主要路径,主要发生在大型成熟企业。近年来,我国创业板新创上市企业发生的CVC活动也比较活跃,企业资源成为影响企业选择CVC战略的重要因素。以2009-2011年在创业板上市的204家制造业企业为样本,通过其从上市至2014年12月31日之间参与的CVC数据,分析企业技术资源、财务资源和商誉资源对新创企业CVC决策的影响。通过二分类Logit实证检验发现：技术资源对新创上市企业选择CVC战略具有积极影响;充裕的现金流对新创上市企业选择CVC战略具有促进作用;商誉资源对公司创业投资决策的影响并不显著。     

替代产品投放策略与竞争性反应研究

本文首先介绍了产品替代理论，然后回顾了新产品投放及竞争者的反应方面的相关理论研究，在投放策略与反应之间引入信号的概念：根据已有文献研究总结得出企业感知信号的不同类型与其做出竞争性反应的关系。     

藏金于民对我国储备资产替补效应的思考

藏金于民是投资理财的一部分。但是,在开放经济条件下藏金于民具有深厚的国际意义。藏金于民为国家积累了坚实的家底和基石,提高了国家抵御危机的能力。同时减轻了国家外汇储备的压力;分担了国家黄金储备的负担。另外,藏金于民也为央行调节货币政策提供了新的工具。     

Research on mechanism of technological diffusion in industry cluster

The main aim of the paper is to explain the reason and mechanism of technological diffusion in industry cluster. Following the idea showed in Zhou Qin＇s model, we further develop the theoretical analysis that how the technological gap between strong enterprises and weak enterprises determines the level and speed of technological diffusion. The bigger the technological disparity between strong enterprise and weak enterprise is, the quicker technology spreads and knowledge overflows; on the contrary, the smaller the technological disparity between strong enterprise and weak enterprise is, the slower technology spread and knowledge overflows. Therefore, this kind of mechanism is helpful for enterprises in an industry cluster to learn from each other and to enable each enterprise close to the ＂the average level＂ of technology or knowledge. As a result, we think that, there exists a close relation between technological gap and technological diffusion. The paper puts forward the way of knowledge overflows of the strong enterprises： imitationdemonstration effect, the longitudinal connection in the industrial chain, the labor force flow and transfer, informal exchange.     

我国替代含有毒有害物质材料的技术创新系统研究

有毒有害物质危害巨大,且几乎涉及下游领域的所有产业,既是环境问题,又是资源问题。通过对替代含有毒有害物质材料的严峻形势、发展现状、未来趋势进行阐述,并对目前阻碍技术创新的各因素进行分析,引入系统论的观点,从技术、组织、政策及环境4个方面,构建了我国替代含有毒有害物质材料技术创新系统结构模型。     

基于聚类与对应分析的江苏科技资源配置现状研究

通过文献阅读与调查研究遴选衡量科技资源配置现状的相关指标,首先,运用聚类分析对江苏各地级市科技资源配置状况进行Q型聚类,初步呈现各样本城市科技资源分布状况。其次,通过对应分析揭示导致省内各市上述分布背后指标变量“地形”所起的幕后作用。最后,阐述近年来江苏科技资源配置变化趋势,提出优化江苏科技资源配置策略建议。     

Critical natural capital revisited: Ecological resilience and sustainable development

The maintenance of critical natural capital is an important objective of sustainable development. Critical natural capital represents a multidimensional concept, as it mirrors the different frameworks of various scientific disciplines and social groups in valuing nature. This article revisits the concept of critical natural capital and examines its relation to the concept of ecological resilience. I propose that ecological resilience can help a great deal in specifying the ‘ecological criticality’ of specific renewable parts of the natural capital. More specifically, I suggest that the degree of ecological resilience is inversely related to the degree of threat ecosystems are prone to. The concept of ecological resilience may complement other measures, such as integrity or vulnerability, in estimating the degree of threat specific ecosystems are exposed to. The empirical estimates of ecological resilience add a further criterion in order to build a comprehensive and clear conception of critical natural capital.     

资源开发行业会计准则的建设问题--基于对FASB及IASC研究动态的分析与思考

资源开发行业最主要的资产是矿产储量,发现储量是其最主要的经济活动,发现储量的成本与储量价值之间不存在直接的配比关系,这些特点决定了资源开发行业会计确认、计量、记录与报告等会计核算基本问题上的特殊性以及由此而引致的会计准则建设上的特殊性.本文基于FASB和IASC对资源开发行业会计准则问题研究进展的评析,针对我国实际,提出了制定我国资源开发行业会计规范的相关政策建议.     

论循环经济发展的必然性

循环经济本质是一种生态经济，是把清洁生产和废弃物的综合利用融为 一体的经济。随着资源环境问题的加剧，发展循环经济已成为时代的要求，变得日益紧迫。那么，如何发展我国循环经济？本文提出了相关的建议。     

大学生创业意愿影响因素研究——基于社会网络关系视角

大学生创业意愿有多方面影响因素,重点是社会网络因素。家人、学校等社会网络强关系通过影响创业态度和创业自我效能感影响并作用于创业意愿,网络榜样力量也会对创业意愿产生积极影响。家人、学校等外部因素要给与大学生支持、鼓励和经验传授,给予创业实践帮助,大学生自己要注重积累创业资源,提高创业意愿,通过正向的创业态度和创业效能感来影响创业意愿。     

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition equations as a technological substitution model

This paper provides insight into the dynamics of the Lotka-Volterra competition (LVC) equations, a much used competition model, and compares the dynamics of LVC competitive substitution to that of several well-known substitution models. The behavior of the LVC equations is analyzed for the special case of a dominant competitor at equilibrium being replaced after the introduction of a small population of an invading competitor with a competitive advantage. Expressions are derived that describe the growth of the invading competitor and that growth is shown to be of four classes: left asymmetric, logistic, right asymmetric with 1−ε₂ asymptote and right asymmetric with γ asymptote. It is shown that the LVC model reverts to logistic substitution in a market of fixed size, a result with important implications. The LVC equations are fitted to the Gompertz, Bass, Non-Symmetrical Responding Logistic (NSRL) and Sharif-Kabir substitution models and compared using a novel graphical technique. The LVC equations can reasonably mimic the full range of curve shapes exhibited by each of these models.     

社会网络强弱关系对创新性机会识别的影响

创新性创业活动起源于创业者对创新性机会的识别。运用问卷调查法,分析创业者社会网络关系与创业机会创新性之间的逻辑联系,并探索了创业者创新性认知风格对该过程的影响。结果表明：弱关系相较于强关系对创业者所识别的创业机会的创新性有显著正向影响,混合利用强、弱关系相较于单一利用强关系/弱关系对创业机会的创新性有显著正向影响;创新性认知风格对创业机会的创新性有显著正向影响;创新性认知风格在混合利用强弱关系和创业机会创新性之间的作用关系中起正向调节作用。     

Nonlinear stochastic effects of substitution — an evolutionary approach

Technological innovations have been investigated by means of substitution and diffusion as well as evolution models, each of them dealing with different aspects of the innovation problem. In this paper we follow the well known research traditions on self-organisation models of complex systems. For the first time in the literature we show the existence of a specific niche effect, which may occur in the first stage of establishment of a new technology. Using a stochastic Master equation approach, we obtain analytical expressions for the survival probabilities of a new technology in smaller or larger ensembles. As a main result we demonstrate how a hyperselection situation might be removed in a stochastic picture and thresholds against the prevailing of a new technology in a step-by-step process can be overcome.     

A substitution orbit model of competitive innovations

Successful innovation and diffusion of technology can be attributed to the identification of the orbit of emerging new technologies that complement or substitute for existing technologies. This dynamism resembles the co-evolution process in an ecosystem. In an ecosystem, in order to maintain sustainable development, the complex interplay between competition and cooperation, typically observed in predator-prey systems, create a sophisticated balance. Given that an ecosystem can be used as a masterpiece system, this sophisticated balance can provide suggestive ideas for identifying an optimal orbit of competitive innovations with complement or substitution dynamism.Prompted by such a sophisticated balance in an ecosystem, this paper analyzes the optimal orbit of competitive innovations and, on the basis of an application of Lotka-Volterra equations, it reviews substitution orbits of Japan's monochrome to color TV system, fixed telephones to cellular telephones, cellular telephones to mobile Internet access service, and analog to digital TV broadcasting. On the basis of substitution orbits analyses, it attempts to extract suggestions supportive to identifying an optimal policy option in a complex orbit leading to expected orbit.Key findings include policy options that are effective in controlling parameters for Lotka-Volterra equations leading to expected orbit.     

创新资源集聚对区域创新绩效的溢出效应

在运用区位熵方法测度创新资源集聚水平的基础上,基于知识生产函数模型,实证研究高校和高技术产业创新资源水平对区域创新的溢出效应。结果表明：①当前高校单一创新资源集聚水平对不同地区创新绩效的溢出效应具有不确定性,其中对东部和中部地区具有负向影响,对西部地区具有显著正向影响;高技术产业单一创新资源集聚水平整体上呈现出显著正向溢出效应;②整体而言,创新资源的交互作用对区域创新绩效的溢出效应多与单一创新资源集聚对区域创新绩效的溢出效应呈相反态势;③无论是高校还是高技术产业,其单一创新资源集聚水平对各地区创新绩效的溢出效应并非简单的线性关系;④两种创新资源集聚的交互作用表现出明显的协同效应,且单一创新资源集聚水平过低或过高都会抑制创新绩效的提升。据此,提出优化我国创新资源配置、促进我国区域创新能力提升的相关建议。