Displacement Effects of Active Labour Market Policy: The Youth Labour Market in Finland

In 1994 the number of workers participating in active labour market programmes in Finland was 299,000. On average there where 125,000 workers in these programmes at any one time, the average length of participation in a programme being about 5 months. In relation to the 2.5 million-strong Finnish labour force, these figures are proportionally large. In 1994 the total expenditure on unemployment amounted to 6.7 per cent of GNP of which the share spent on active labour market programmes was about 25 per cent. The study investigates the displacement effects of active labour market programmes in the youth labour market in Finland. The two age groups analysed are 15-19-year-olds and 20-24-year-olds. The results, based on a VAR analysis of quarterly data from the period 1981.1-1995.2, suggest that the displacement effects of job-creation programmes may be substantial. The study cannot, however, provide any robust estimates of the likely size of such displacement effects on youth employment in Finland. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Happiness of Young Australians: Empirical Evidence on the Role of Labour Market Experience

Data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth are used to investigate factors that influence young Australians' self-reported levels of 'happiness' during the school-to-work transition, focusing on the role of labour market experience. Panel logit models are fitted to control for individual effects. Fixed individual personality traits and marital status strongly influence reported happiness. There is evidence of declining well-being with duration of unemployment and of the importance of job quality, rather than just having a job. The validity of Clark and Oswald's (1994) assertion that empirical findings from happiness research show that unemployment is involuntary is questioned.     

The role of government aid to firms during the transition to a market economy: Russia 1992-1994

The paper develops two economic grounds for gradualism in the context of the Russian move toward a market economy: one for the support of output through subsidies, another for similar support through credit. The first argument relates to the usual case for softening the blow to a sector hit by an adverse, permanent shock. The other argument depends on the absence of a well-functioning capital market. Having presented the two arguments, we discuss the extent to which they justify the course of Russian policy. Essentially we show that the arguments support much less gradualism than actually took place in Russia in 1992 and 1993.     

浅谈如何加强大学生预备党员的教育考察工作

针对大学生群体对大学生预备党员期望值偏低的问题,分析了问题产生的种种原因,提出了确保大学生预备党员先锋模范作用的策略。预备党员必须经过各级党组织继续教育和考察满一年,若能在理想、信念、工作、学习、生活等诸方面完全符合中国共产党党员的标准时、才能成为一名正式的中国共产党员。     

农村工业化以及人力资本在农村劳动力市场中的角色

农村劳动力市场从多个渠道给教育带来了回报。用Heckman模型估计 ,教育的工资回报在 1 991— 1 997年为 0— 5% ,而且不显著。但是教育显著提高了人们到工业部门工作的机会 ,由此带来的回报在 5%— 7%。教育还提高了人们到高工资部门工作的机会 ,改善了人们的工作方式。     

论中国经济转型时期股票市场的定位--兼评"股市边缘论"

2001年以来的"股市困境"引起了人们的广泛关注,甚至有人提出了"股市边缘论".本文从企业融资决策以及金融机构与金融市场对比的视角出发,借鉴国际经验,对中国经济转型时期股票市场的定位问题进行了分析,我们认为股票市场在金融体系和融资结构中应该居于次要地位,银行主导型金融体系是中国的合适选择.     

The main determinants of subprime securitization in the Spanish RMBS securities

This article is a model to identify the determinants of subprime securitizations. In several countries, there is no classification of the underlying assets. Consequently, investors have fewer tools to identify which securitizations are subprime. Using a sample of mortgage securitization transactions issued in Spain from 1998 until the first half of 2009, we analyse the effects of a great securitization expansion. According to previous literature, we identify main determinants of residential mortgage-backed security default rate and construct a prediction model of default rate. By means of different probit models, our results show the importance of loan to value and seasoning, among other determinants, as predictive indicators of default rates. The results obtained point to more relaxed lending standards due to higher securitization levels. Our findings help to gain a more accurate perspective of the true effects of the mortgage securitization process and reinforce the role of certain determinants as default predictors in a context without a classification of underlying assets.     

性别工资差异中的企业效应

现有对性别工资差异的研究大多是基于个人样本的分析而忽略了企业的作用。本文运用企业和工人匹配的调查数据研究性别工资差异中的企业效应。研究发现,在工资决定方程中加入企业效应后工人的教育回报显著下降,且在性别工资差异的分解中加入企业效应后禀赋效应和价格效应所占的比例也显著下降,企业在性别工资差异中有着非常重要的作用。进一步研究发现,企业的外部市场环境和内部制度特征是决定企业性别工资差异程度的重要因素,市场竞争激烈的企业、经常采用计件工资制的企业以及内部职工收入差距较大的企业性别工资差异较大,小规模企业和私有产权比重较大的企业也呈现较大的性别工资差异,但工人的谈判能力有缩小性别工资差异的作用。     

试析反倾销应诉中“市场经济地位”的争取

反倾销作为一种行政裁决处罚措施，其特征是程序性强，处理周期长，在反倾销行政主管当局做出终裁后，还有可能进一步进入司法复审程序。就我国的受调查企业而言，在一系列应诉程序中，通常会涉及到一个极其重要的问题——争取“市场经济地位”问题。事实上，这一问题已经成为困扰我国企业出口的瓶颈，面对严峻的被提起反倾销的形势，本文拟就我国企业应诉时如何争取“市场经济地位”，作一些粗浅的探讨。     

内地赴港游客在深圳旅游消费行为研究

内地赴港游客是深圳市重要的旅游细分市场。本文对游客消费特征、购买行为、购后行为等方面进行研究,分析影响赴港游客在深圳消费行为的因素。研究表明,通过深圳的赴港游客有三分之一在深圳停留,并且以个人游的中青年游客为主,性别、年龄结构、职业、旅游目的影响他们的停留动机、停留时间和停留目的。所以,应提供便利的交通,提供丰富的产品组合,扩大酒店规模,拓宽营销渠道和开发潜在游客,以更好地针对内地赴港游客发展深圳旅游业。     

社会工作视阈下思想政治教育工作的创新

思想政治教育工作面临新情况、新挑战的情况下,社会工作进入思想政治教育工作视野成为必然趋势,借鉴社会工作价值理念和方式方法,能够创新思想政治教育工作观念和工作模式。     

高等教育大众化背景下专科生就业现状若干问题及思考

中国目前的高等教育已经历史性地进入了国际公认的大众化的教育阶段,然而在高等教育大众化的同时,大学生就业难已经成为一个不争的事实。通过对皖西学院计算机系网络应用专业的毕业生的问拳调查,分析皖西学院专科毕业生专业对就业影响,对其就业心态、就业理念等存在的诸多问题进行了分析并提出相应的对策。     

From the Tribal to the Open Society: The Role of Medieval Craft Guilds in the Emergence of a Market Order

The emergence of a legally constituted State in 16th century western societies represents the final lap of a process extending the sphere of the indivudal freedoms necessary for the emergence of the market order. A peculiar stage of this process came in the form of guilds. They materialised into a need for emancipation from the values of the archaic society and became the keepers of a peace and a justice on the market by ensuring the respect of new rules of conduct (1). This analysis of the behaviour of craft guilds will illustrate the question of the possibility of rational economic activity in medieval society (2).     

The Dynamics of Poverty and the Promotion of Transition from Non‐Regular to Regular Employment in Japan: Economic Effects of Minimum Wage Revision and Job Training Support

Comparison between Japan and other advanced countries shows that the relative poverty rate is high in Japan, and that many of the poor households are those with a non‐regular worker. As for mobility between income classes, the proportion of households remaining in the poor class for a long period of time in Japan is close to the average for EU countries. The panel estimation of its effect on wages shows that the raising of the minimum wage is statistically significantly associated with an increase in wages of non‐regular workers, in particular, female, but does not seem to decrease employment. The result shows that for male non‐regular workers, firm‐provided training promotes their transition to regular employment, and that for female non‐regular workers, occupational training promotes their transition to regular employment at different firms.     

Risk-sharing and Growth: The Role of Precautionary Savings in the "Education" Model

While the "risk amelioration" literature suggests that risk-sharing channels savings into risky but productive technologies and hence favours growth, models focused on precautionary savings reverse this conclusion. We solve, by means of numerical techniques, a model based on human capital accumulation through education, and find that the increase in precautionary savings makes labour more productive in the goods sector and draws resources from education, which is the "growth leading" activity. Hence, we establish a result favourable to financial integration, even in a model where precautionary savings play an important role.     

The bumpy road of biomass gasification in the Netherlands: Explaining the rise and fall of an emerging innovation system

In this paper, the concept of System Functions of Innovation Systems is applied to provide an explanation of the success or failure of an emerging technology, i.e. biomass gasification, with empirical data on the evolution of this technology in the Netherlands during 1980-2004. A new list of System Functions has been developed lately and is used to identify the most relevant events in the evolution of the Biomass Gasification Innovation System. We show that a structural misalignment occurred between the institutional framework within which the technology could have been developed and the technical requirements of the technology. Finally, the absence of System Functions such as the guidance of the search, resource allocation and advocacy coalition explains the failure of this technology over time.     

文化产业引领中国对外经济可持续发展

中国的文化产业在国际金融危机爆发的背景下取得了令人瞠目的成就。国际经验表明,文化产业是一种创造价值的有效途径;在中国,作为一个新兴产业,国家有关政策的扶持在帮助其发展的同时,也为中国实现经济可持续发展提供了一条的可行之路。对中国而言,改革开放以来对外经济发展取得了重大成果,但是在其发展中也遇到了新的挑战。中国制造所面临的问题中最关键的是产品缺少知识要素,而中华文化恰恰是我国特有的知识要素。这一要素的有效使用不仅会提升具体的产品内涵,而且整个对外经济的结构也会因此而得到积极调整。更重要的是一个国家也需要通过文化输出让世界更加了解自己。因此,文化产业的繁荣发展不仅会使国内收益,而且对未来中国对外经济的发展起着引领作用。     

和谐社会视野下的农民国民待遇缺失问题探讨

由历史、政策制度和市场共同影响下的中国农民,长期以来未能很好地取得真正的社会地位。农民参与社会事务的边缘化,城乡公共产品分配的不公平,城乡经济关系不平等等问题的存在进一步影响农业和农村社会的发展。基于对农民国民待遇缺失成因的分析,转变现有观念、改革相应的政策制度和提升农民市场能力,多方位确保农民国民待遇的实现,是新时期解决“三农”问题的必经之路。     

南水北调工程与受水区经济社会制度变迁分析

南水北调工程作为国家强制性制度变迁的载体必将对受水区的有关经济社会制度产生深刻而长远的影响,主要表现在引发农地及水利基础设施产权的重新配置,改变区域内水资源的价格体系,通过改变水资源收益主体结构而引致水权制度模式变革,导致受水区内中央与地方之间财政收支的制度模式创新。因此,在受水区,需要引入市场调节机制为主和国家调节为辅的农地和水资源管理体制,合理引导农村土地制度变革;按照受水区不同的用水需求弹性,科学制定水资源定价标准,保证北调的水资源得到公平、公正和高效的开发和利用;建立水权明晰、治理结构合理的市场交易与行政管理相结合的水资源管理体制,解决不同投资主体的利益分配问题;加大对受水区的财税支持和补偿,积极引导受水区的经济结构调整与优化。