解决农民工住房问题的总体思路和政策框架

解决农民工住房问题对于我国经济社会可持续发展具有重大意义。目前,农民工住房总体还处于市场失灵和政府失灵并存的状态。应加快建立农民工住房供应体系和住房保障体系,逐步完善住房公积金制度、住房补贴制度、财税支持制度、金融服务制度、土地供应制度、规划保障制度相互补充的农民工住房政策体系,使进城农民工的住房条件尽快改善。     

论“以德治国”与“依法治国”的博弈

改革开放30多年来,中国的经济、政治、文化等方面都取得了突飞猛进的发展,尤其是在法制建设方面,出台了一系列的法律制度,涉及国家生活的方方面面,大到国家宏观政权,小及菜市纷争。应该来说,法律制度所发挥的作用是至关重要的,是整个社会的制度根基。而在当前我国正处于转型时期的状况下,有人就提出了以"以德治国"代替"依法治国"来行政,个人看来这种行为与"大跃进"的思想无异。     

Reformist programmes in the planning for post-war economic policy during world war ii

Abstract

Extract

The Great Depression of 1929–33 saw the beginnings of a revolution in the history of economic policy formation in the West. When at the outset of the depression, the ‘Old Economic Policy’ was still seen to be in operation, an ever-increasing resistance arose against the consequent unemployment and indeed against the very notion of the inevitability of depression. For the economic policy, this meant a support for an active fiscal policy, as against the almost complete dominance of monetary means. During the 1930s, however, support for the ‘New Economic Policy’ was not widespread, and most of the instances of its application remained incomplete. The most resolute use of the new economic policy was made in Sweden by the Social Democratic government from 1932. The new economics was also strongly advocated by the British Liberal Party, which, however, hardly had any influence. The best known example of all is that enshrined in the New Deal of the Roosevelt administration.     

The politics of famine and reform in rural China

While the causes of the Great Leap Famine must be sought in politics, the general literature has tended to place too much emphasis on the role of top leaders. Focusing on the commune mess hall as a key institutional link, the paper points to systematic patterns in the incidence of famine across the provinces and suggests that these patterns were embedded in China's political history dating back to the communist takeover. The paper also argues that the Great Leap Famine induced profound disillusionment with agrarian radicalism and laid the cognitive and political foundations for dismantling the commune system in China.     

农民工的就业状况与管理创新

本文从衡水市农民工的就业状况和管理创新等方面,对农民工群体的现状和面临的问题进行了分析,指出农民工在经济社会发展进程中的作用重大,探讨采取更为积极有效的政策措施,引导农民工群体成为塑造中国未来的积极力量。     

发展非农就业 提高城市化水平

我国城市化发展水平滞后于经济发展水平,城市化率远低于非农就业比重,待城市化人口大量存在。要促进城市化水平进一步提高,必须调整产业结构,加快服务业发展;提高农民工收入,支持劳动密集型产业发展;改革户籍管理制度,建立健全适合我国城市化特点的社会保障制度。     

北京街道工业之历史考察与思考(1958～1966)

1958年在全民大办工业的高潮里,城市街道工业这一新生事物出现了,并且很快雨后春笋般迅速成长。从"大跃进"到"文革"前的8年间,北京市街道工业经历了发展、萎缩、恢复、停顿几个阶段,本文将对北京市街道工业发展的基本脉络、生产经营管理体制及重要作用等几个问题进行归纳总结,并对其中的某些问题做些相应的探讨。     

南疆维吾尔族农民走向劳工市场的因素分析

南疆维吾尔族农民工与全国农民工一道是农村改革开放、社会发展和城市化加快等多种因素的产物。但是南疆维吾尔族农民从农村走到劳工市场有其从政府组织到自发外出就业、从被动到主动参与劳工市场的特征。本文根据实地调查资料,将探析促使维吾尔族农民走向劳工市场的各类因素。     

宁夏农村合作经济组织的发展模式选择

无论哪种发展模式在推进农业产业化进程、提高农民组织化程度和增加农民收入等方面都发挥了巨大的作用。宁夏农村合作经济组织的发展模式,总体发展要依托政府,走政府推动的外生型发展模式;“专业大户＋基地＋农户”是首选的发展模式;“党支部＋协会（合作社）＋基地＋农民”的发展模式是宁夏南部山区农村合作经济组织发展的主导模式;从农村合作经济组织可持续发展的角度看,股份合作的组织发展模式是最佳的模式之一。     

建立农民工社会保险制度探析——以九江市农民工为例

数量庞大的农民工为我国经济社会发展做出了巨大的贡献但其社会保险问题却没有得到解决。应当根据农民工自身特点,优先立工伤保险,分类分层次建立医疗保险,建立低门槛、宽覆盖面的养老险。     

新农村建设、农业转型与工业化城市化——一个新农村建设作用机制的经济学分析

本文探讨了新农村建设作用于我国经济发展的农业生产效率提升机制和农产品交易效率提升机制以及相应的具体途径。结果表明,在这两个经济机制发挥作用的条件下,经济结构和人口结构向现代化转型,但如果不彻底解决城乡二元结构、农民迁移和就业方面的歧视,城乡收入差距并不一定会随之缩小。改革开放以来的经验从另一面表明,在二元结构、工业和城市偏向政策下,农业生产效率提升机制作用难以充分发挥,而间接促使农业生产效率提升的财政和金融支持也难以有效地推动农业生产效率提升。这意味着,彻底破解城乡二元结构、破除阻碍农业生产效率提升的各种制度和障碍确应成为新农村建设中的重中之重。

Abstract：

How many policy combinations are involved in China’s New Rural Reconstruction？ Are they consistently interweaved to form a force leading to the increase of industriali-zation and urbanization,the increase of peasant’s income,and the decrease of urban-rural income disparity？This paper aims to analyze the two economic mechanisms,four policy channels and their effects on Chinese agricultural transition,industrialization and urbanization process,and urban-rural disparity. Our results show that these two mecha-nisms and four policy channels will exert a positive effect on the decreasing of agricultural employment and value share,the increasing of urbanization and industrialization,agricultural income,but they will demonstrate both positive and negative effect on the urban-rural income disparity if the removal of the old urban-rural dual structure,the promotion of peasant’s non-agricultural employment,and more integration of rural sector and industrial sector,weren’t placed more emphasis. This means these institutional reforms should be given more priority in the so-called New Rural Reconstruction Program.     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

农民合作历程的组织化探析——以武汉市利民合作社为例

文章以武汉市利民合作社为个案,在实证调查的基础上,运用组织社会学的相关理论从组织形式、结构、绩效以及运行等方面对农民专业合作经济组织的发展历程进行了分析。文章认为,农民专业合作经济组织在发展的过程中形式日趋规范。结构日益分化,绩效不断提升,运行不断开放;组织化程度的提高是农民专业合作经济组织的发展趋势;只有适应社会环境要求不断调整完善,农民专业合作经济组织才能获得更好的发展。     

Neutrality and free trade: Sweden and trade liberalisation, 1948–1958

Abstract

This article discusses the Swedish attitude to European economic cooperation, an attitude that has been described as reluctant. The traditional explanation for this has been Sweden's neutrality. This explanation has been challenged by researchers, who have claimed that a nationally self-sufficient social democracy was responsible for the reluctance towards Europe. In this article, neutrality is still seen as the main explanatory factor. Swedish strategies for dealing with European integration linked the concepts of neutrality and global free trade. Nordic cooperation was also seen as a strategy to meet demands for European integration. Swedish activities within the European organisations were limited by neutrality concerns. Within these limits Sweden worked for economic policy solutions, which might be called social democratic.     

Serfdom in esthonia during the period of Swedish rule

Abstract

For quite some time after World War II peasant behavior in less developed countries was ‘unproblematic’. There was a general consensus that peasants were not ‘economic men’, in the sense that they tried to maximize profits as postulated by mainstream economic theory. Instead, their acts were assumed to be governed by ‘tradition’, or ‘conservatism’, which by and large had nothing to do with the type of maximizing or minimizing behavior which acquired prominence in economic theory not least by the central role that was conferred on it in Paul Samuelson's Foundations of Economic Analysis.¹ Their ambitions and horizons were thought to be limited in such a way as to render standard economic theory inapplicable in the study of peasant behavior. The discussion focused on the ‘inert’, or ‘lazy’, (satisficing) peasant.²     

平衡就业结构以发挥我国的比较优势

改革开放20多年来,我国经济保持了持续快速增长。但近年来,我国的就业结构却出现了明显的不平衡。这种不平衡突出地表现在两个方面:一是大学生就业压力增大;二是部分地区出现“民工荒”现象。本文拟从这两个方面分别进行分析,并探讨如何平衡就业结构以进一步发挥我国的比较优势。     

Economic policy and population change in Thailand

This paper argues that in Thailand a link can be demonstrated between the recent fertility decline and an economic policy variable, the rice premium. The rice export tax introduced a check to profitability in rice agriculture, leading capital and also entrepreneurial talent out of agriculture into the urban industrial sector; keeping the structure of agriculture small-scale peasant holdings; and permitting labour costs to remain low in the urban industrial sector. Other government policies plus foreign investment and US aid led to rapid industrial growth, which coupled with consolidation of the transportation and communication systems triggered massive rural to urban migration. As Bangkok became a modern industrial metropolis, complete with urban sprawl, traffic congestion, and smog, the micro-economic cost—benefit equation turned against large families for many urban couples. Fertility fell rapidly in the urban areas, and this decline has spread into the countryside. The rice export tax thus has had profound demographic as well as economic effects.     

农民收入持续增长的制度性障碍及其对策研究

2005年中央一号文件的出台,极大地调动了农民的积极性,给农民增收提供了政策保障。但是,由于制约农民收入增长的根本性因素没有发生变化,农民收入增长的基础不牢靠。而制度性障碍是造成农民收入增长缓慢最重要最根本的原因。要实现农民收入的持续增长,必须以制度创新为核心,全面推进农村的政治、经济体制改革。     

An Essay on Human Rights and the Market for Social Contracts

In this article, I discuss an economic theory of human rights. Interpreting the social contract as a market good, a vector of rights that cannot be unbundled, I construct a competitive model in which citizens demand and states supply social contracts. An international market for social contracts matches citizens with states and determines the optimal social contracts. Human rights are the set of rights common to all equilibrium social contracts under perfectly competitive conditions. I explain that in reality, states may renege on their promises to citizens and may interfere with the market for social contracts. Thus, I argue for limits on state sovereignty and suggest that the international authority enforce social contracts and enhance the efficiency of the market for social contracts.     

Learning from the New Deal

This paper argues that the direct job-creation strategy adopted by the New Deal administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt in programs like the WPA (the ??New Deal strategy??) is best understood as an effort to secure what the New Dealers came to regard as a human rights entitlement??the right to work??rather than as an economic policy designed to promote the economy??s recovery from the Great Depression. The paper goes on to argue, though, that in fashioning a policy to secure the right to work, the New Dealers unknowingly developed a strategy for delivering a Keynesian fiscal stimulus that is markedly superior to other anti-recession strategies. Unfortunately, neither the New Dealers themselves nor the generation of progressive policy makers that followed them understood the multiple strengths of the New Deal strategy. Consequently, the strategy was permitted to languish, and its potential contribution to public policy in the post World War II era was lost. In an effort to rekindle interest in the New Deal strategy, the paper concludes by pointing out how much more effective the New Deal strategy would have been in combating the so-called Great Recession than the more conventional spending and tax-cut policies the Federal Government actually has deployed. For a fraction of the sum the Federal Government has allocated to stimulate the American economy since the fall of 2008, the New Deal strategy could have immediately reduced the nation??s unemployment rate to pre-recession levels while simultaneously promoting a more rapid recovery in private-sector hiring.