顾客参与新产品开发的绩效影响:产品创新类型的调节效应

顾客参与企业新产品开发对新产品开发绩效有着重要影响,在处于转型经济背景下的中国进行相关研究更有着极为重要的战略意义。文章以B-B市场中的制造企业为研究对象,构建了以产品创新类型为调节变量的顾客参与对新产品开发绩效差异化影响的调节效应模型。研究表明,顾客参与对新产品开发时间绩效与创新绩效的积极影响会受到产品创新类型的调节作用;但产品创新类型对顾客参与和财务绩效关系的调节影响不显著。     

众包模式下顾客参与、顾客互动和新产品价值

将众包模式下顾客参与划分为合作众包模式下顾客参与和竞争众包模式下顾客参与两个关键维度,确定顾客互动之人际互动、人机互动的重要维度构成,构建众包模式下顾客参与直接影响新产品价值,以及通过顾客互动的中介效应间接影响新产品价值的理论模型。实证检验结果表明：合作众包模式下顾客参与、竞争众包模式下顾客参与对新产品价值的积极影响都显著;人际互动在合作众包模式下顾客参与影响新产品价值的关系中起完全中介效应,但在竞争众包模式下顾客参与影响新产品价值的关系中无中介效应;人机互动在竞争众包模式下顾客参与影响新产品价值关系中的部分中介效应显著,但在合作众包模式下顾客参与影响新产品价值关系中的中介效应不显著。     

顾客自我生产方式与产品价值提升——基于情境实验的比较研究

顾客自我生产现象近年来愈发普遍。虽然营销学相关研究已经对不同顾客自我生产方式对顾客产品评价、顾客支付意愿等作用结果的影响进行了探讨,但缺乏不同顾客自我生产方式之间比较研究,企业进行生产方式决策时仍缺乏依据。本文以禀赋效应理论为基础,以产品价值提升为作用结果对顾客自我设计、顾客自我组装和顾客自我设计组装进行比较研究,结果发现:三种顾客自我生产方式均具有产品价值提升作用,但顾客自我设计组装和顾客自我设计的提升作用并无显著差异,两者均高于顾客自我组装;顾客与产品融合程度是产品价值提升作用存在差异的原因,品牌强度对三种顾客自我生产方式产品价值提升作用的影响不同。本文既可以丰富拓展顾客自我生产现有研究成果,又可以为企业生产方式决策提供依据。     

双循环新发展格局下农产品市场整合关系异质性研究：新结构经济学视角

在双循环新发展格局的背景下,文章以新结构经济学理论为指导,选取中国苹果优势主产区现货市场和期货市场数据,运用可解决内生性问题的自回归分布滞后模型和误差修正模型,从空间结构和时间结构两个维度检验中国苹果市场整合关系,并从生产要素结构视角揭示市场整合异质性的产生原因。研究表明：(1)从主产区内部结构看,环渤海湾产区山东、辽宁和河北市场之间存在长期分割现象,黄土高原产区陕西、甘肃和山西市场之间也存在长期分割现象;(2)从主产区外部结构看,山东和陕西市场之间处于长期整合状态;(3)从时间结构看,期货市场与山东、陕西现货市场存在长期整合关系,期货市场与其他省份的现货市场不存在长期整合关系。     

Effects of Organizational Learning and Information-Processing Behaviors on New Product Success

Individual learning constructs were formulated in an organizational learning context and empirically tested for relationships with new product success. Two constructs, information recording-retrieving and information reviewing, were found to be positively related to new product success. The relevance of these constructs to organizational learning theory are discussed, along with the implication that managers should carefully record and review past information to improve future new product success rates.     

Innovation Capability and Performance Of Manufacturing SMEs: The Paradoxical Effect of IT Integration

In theory, IT integration through applications such as enterprise resource planning, manufacturing resource planning, and electronic data interchange provides an organization with the ability to exploit innovation capabilities. Based on survey data obtained from 309 Canadian manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study aims to identify the enabling effect of IT integration on the innovation capability of manufacturing SMEs—in terms of growth and productivity outcomes—and to verify if this effect is subject to industry influences. While the firm's innovation capability was found, as expected, to be positively related to the growth and productivity of manufacturing SMEs, the results underline paradoxical effects of IT integration in this regard. While IT integration was not seen to enable the innovation capability of manufacturing SMEs in terms of growth, it was seen to have a disabling effect on this same capability with regard to productivity.     

Successfully Managing the Sociocultural Integration Process in International Acquisitions: A Qualitative Analysis of Canon's Acquisition of Océ

Based on a qualitative research approach that comprises in‐depth, semistructured executive interviews, employee observations, company data and external media accounts, this study analyzes the large‐scale acquisition of the Dutch Océ N.V. by the Japanese Canon Inc. Despite their significantly different national cultural heritages and considerably contrasting organizational cultural practices, both companies were able to efficaciously manage the sociocultural integration process and so successfully completed the acquisition. Building on a marriage metaphor model for sociocultural integration in international mergers and acquisitions, this study sketches out explicit links between national cultural value orientations and the respective organizational cultural practices, and discusses key success factors for each of the three stages of the acquisition process (i.e., preacquisition, closing, and postacquisition stages). This article further examines the interconnectedness of these key success factors across these three stages of the acquisition process by discussing interlocking best practices. In so doing, this study provides a more dynamic and encompassing account of the key factors that determine the success of the sociocultural integration process in international acquisitions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

B2C电子商务模式下的客户协同创新:优势、内容与实现策略

本文分析了B2C电子商务模式下客户协同创新的三个实现策略:构建以客户为中心的供应链网络结构,建立客户识别与激励机制以及采用合理的客户协同创新的流程与方法。     

New Service Development and Digitalization: Synergies of Personal Interaction and IT Integration

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the effects of personal interaction and information technology integration (IT integration) on new service development in business-to-business (B2B) service firms' relationships. Personal interaction, IT integration and new service development are latent variables in a structural model tested with LISREL (N = 138). The relationship between personal interaction and IT integration is strong and indicates that both these constructs are drivers for new service development. Although both these constructs represent diverse ways of interacting, they both positively impact new service development. Hence, managers should not expect IT to replace personal interaction to a great extent in B2B-service contexts.     

跨渠道整合的研究述评：内涵、维度与理论框架

在全渠道或多渠道营销的背景下,跨渠道整合成为企业和学术界关注的热点和新的研究领域。然而现有文献缺乏对于跨渠道整合相关研究的系统性回顾和梳理,存在概念内涵表面化、测量方法不统一以及缺乏理论框架指导等问题。这为后续研究带来困扰。鉴于此,文章回顾、梳理和分析了中外跨渠道整合的相关文献,在归纳前人研究的基础上,讨论了跨渠道整合的内涵、维度和测量工具,并以前因、直接后果和企业绩效的逻辑关系构建了一个跨渠道整合的理论框架,识别出一些重要的研究缺陷,为未来的研究打下基础。     

跨期知识整合与新产品开发绩效关系实证研究——基于珠三角和长三角地区企业的数据

根据已有研究成果,文章首先分析了跨期知识整合的内涵和机制,并根据理论分析建立了结构方程模型,设计了"跨期知识整合对新产品开发绩效影响的调研问卷",在珠三角和长三角地区选择了上海、广州、杭州、深圳等地的多家企业进行调研,并回收了245份问卷,根据分析结果发现跨期知识整合对新产品开发绩效之间有正向影响。     

Loyalty in the Business-to-Business Service Context: A Literature Review and Proposed Framework

Loyalty has been named as one of the greatest competitive advantages for companies operating under high competition conditions. However, different authors look at this concept from different views and take different factors into account. This article consolidates academic research on loyalty in business services. The determinants of loyalty are identified and the development of loyalty as a process is investigated. These findings, together with the relationship development process and the possible influence of culture, are integrated into the resulting research framework. This framework suggests that relationship quality, comprising trust, satisfaction, and commitment, is a mediator of the loyalty development process. Furthermore, it suggests that these mediators, determining the transition from one stage to the other, are influenced by different antecedents. Finally, managerial recommendations and directions for future research are provided.     

Logistics Performance,Customer Satisfaction,and Share of Business: A Comparison of Primary and Secondary Suppliers

The linkage between logistics performance and overall firm performance has received attention in the literature for more than 30 years. However, researchers have not investigated if differences in performance between primary and secondary suppliers affect customer satisfaction and the percentage of business allocated to suppliers. In this research, primary suppliers received more than four times as much business as the secondary suppliers. We investigated the impact of the Marketing Mix on customer satisfaction and share of business for primary suppliers and secondary suppliers, and identified differences between the two groups, using multigroup structural equation modeling. The results indicate that perceived performance on logistics attributes significantly affects customer satisfaction and the percentage of business that is allocated to primary and secondary suppliers, which is key information for developing competitive strategies. Our research findings challenge the practice of providing service levels to customers based on current revenue or profitability which does little to convince customers, who are using a company as secondary source, to make it the primary supplier.     

Logistics Information System Evaluation: Assessing External Technology Integration and Supporting Organizational Learning

Firms often outsource the development and acquisition of logistics information systems (LIS) needed to improve logistics processes. Managers tasked with such outsourcing decisions often struggle to understand and balance the external technology's impact on existing logistics processes, individual stakeholders, firm strategies, and the financial and operational performance of the firm. Unfortunately, research is limited on (1) methods for evaluating the performance capabilities of systems from external sources prior to full implementation, and (2) the impact of external technology integration (ETI) on organizational behavior and learning related to a firm's logistics processes. Through the lens of organizational learning (OL) theory, this research uses a case study approach to examine the transportation division of a major U.S.‐based fuel retailer to gain insights on the management control of ETI efforts. The study builds theory to fill important literature gaps then develops a conceptual framework and supporting propositions to inform future research on logistics ETI. The findings highlight important OL implications for firms involved in ETI efforts and also provide a practically relevant management control tool that can be used by logistics practitioners.     

纵向市场结构与企业创新——一个文献综述

创新是企业乃至整个经济发展的源动力,受到了社会各界的广泛关注。其中,企业创新的影响因素是学术界研究的焦点问题。“熊彼特假说”提出之后,大量的研究讨论了横向市场结构对企业创新的影响。然而近年来,随着部分行业上下游企业间市场势力的变化,学者们开始将目光转向纵向市场结构,特别是随着部分行业中买方势力的不断增强,买方势力对上游企业创新的影响受到了学者们的重点关注。本文梳理了国内外有关纵向市场结构对企业创新影响的研究成果,以期为国内相关领域的理论研究和政策实践提供一些借鉴。     

Customer Retention Strategies of Fast-Food Outlets in South Africa: A Focus on Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Nando's,and Steers

The primary aim of the research was to critically analyze and evaluate the different customer retention strategies being implemented by fast-food outlets such as Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Nando's, and Steers in South Africa. The fast-food industry in South Africa is experiencing numerous market-related changes, which range from intense globalization forces to heightening competition levels. The pressure on businesses today is further increased by a market where the customer acquisition rate is slowing, customer loyalty is decreasing, and sales cycles are lengthening. In such an environment, losing a valuable customer to a competitor can have a significant impact on profitability and growth. As a result, many companies have shifted their focus from customer acquisition to customer retention. The research was primarily concerned with assessing customer relationship management, relationship marketing, and communication through technology as strategies to maintain intimate relationships with customers. Personal interviews and in-depth interviews with the help of questionnaires were used to collect primary data in the research. The results indicated that KFC, Nando's, and Steers adopt similar marketing strategies or use the same concepts to manage their relationships with both internal and external customers and other stakeholders. These strategies and concepts include customer relationship management, relationship marketing, and technological means of communication.     

Technology Synergy,Product Characteristics,and New Product Performance: A Meta‐Analytic Review

The associations of technology synergy, product characteristics, and new product performance are widely spread in the marketing and innovation management literatures. However, little research integrates these associations. This study adopts a meta‐analytic approach to aggregate prior findings across studies published before 2010 to review the relationships between technology synergy, product characteristics, and new product performance. Structural equation analysis reveals that technology synergy has: (a) a positive medium effect on new product performance; (b) a positive and strong impact on product advantage, which then affects new product performance; and (c) an indirect effect on new product performance through product innovativeness and product advantage. These findings suggest that product innovation and advantage are important intermediaries between technology synergy and new product performance—as yet unrevealed in extant literature. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Organizational coordination, development proficiency, and on-time completion of development and international rollout: A contingency analysis of external environments

This study examines the moderating effects of external environmental variables on the relationships between organizational coordination, quality of implementation of new product development (NPD) activities, and on-time completion of (or timeliness in) product development and international new product rollout (INPR) among manufacturing firms in Korea. The results indicate that quality of marketing execution is of greater importance for achieving on-time NPD and multi-country rollout in markets where competitive intensity is high than when it is low. The positive effect of HQ-subsidiary relationships on INPR timeliness is strengthened in rapid rather than slower technology-change environments. By contrast, the positive effect of HQ-subsidiary relationships on INPR timeliness is weakened in high rather than lower competitive-intensity environments. In addition, the beneficial effect of cross-functional integration on NPD timeliness is weakened in markets characterized by a high rate of technological change. The article also discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.     

制造企业创新网络与双元性学习——基于垂直、水平创新网络的比较研究

文章将制造企业创新网络分为垂直创新网络和水平创新网络，构建有调节的中介效应模型，探索了两类创新网络对双元性学习的差异化影响机制，揭示了有效提升企业双元性学习的相关创新网络特征。实证研究发现，网络强度主要通过提升网络质量，间接促进双元性学习，且垂直网络的效果优于水平网络。垂直网络规模对双元性学习有正向的直接和间接效应，而水平网络规模对双元性学习的效应均不显著。网络管理能力强化了垂直网络强度对双元性学习的积极影响，弱化了水平网络规模对双元性学习的消极影响。     

企业创新悖论与两栖组织模式——基于海尔空调产品开发团队案例的研究

While knowledge exploration and exploitation represent two distinct activities requiring corresponding organizational arrangements, new product development calls for a dynamic combination of the two. Based on a systematic review of the paradox between knowledge exploration and exploitation and various resolving strategies, this research extends the construct of organizational ambidexterity from dual structure to ambidextrous capabilities, and suggests a dialectical method for reconciling this paradox at lower organizational levels. Based on a case study on the development teams of air conditioner in Haier, we find that ambidexterity is a multi-level construct existing not only at the organization level but also at lower levels such as teams and individuals like model managers. Translated and revised from Jingji Guanli 经济管理 (Economic Management), 2008, (11): 44–49 and Jingji Lilun yu Jingji Guanli 经济理论与经济管理 (Economic Theory and Business Management), 2008, (2): 51–57