基于决策者有限理性的多产品报童问题

从库存管理决策者有限理性出发,在预期理论框架下对资金约束下的多产品报童问题进行了研究,建立了考虑决策者损失厌恶、安全优先和心理账户行为下的库存决策模型,以期研究结果更加符合实际情况.     

生产与销售的周期库存模型

对工厂生产所需原材料的库存和生产产品的库存问题进行了研究，给出了生产和销售速度一般意义下的多周期存模型和计算最佳生周期的算法，并对两种生产和销售速率的特殊情况进行了讨论。     

随机产出和需求下的定价与库存控制研究综述

对随机产出和需求下的定价与库存控制问题的文献进行了综述,主要从考虑随机需求情况下的单周期和多周期库存控制策略,以及考虑随机产出与需求下的联合定价与库存控制策略两个大的方面进行了综述,指出学者在该领域研究采取的方法和存在的问题,并提出了进一步的研究方向。     

逆向物流的多品种库存控制策略研究

本文针对逆向物流的有容量约束的多品种库存问题，建立了混合整数非线性规划模型，并对模型进行了转化，提出了一个有效的解法。最后通过给出算例，说明多品种联合订货的总费用比用单一周期订货的总费用低。     

基于决策者有限理性的多产品报童问题

从库存管理决策者有限理性出发,在预期理论框架下对资金约束下的多产品报童问题进行了研究,建立了考虑决策者损失厌恶、安全优先和心理账户行为下的库存决策模型,以期研究结果更加符合实际情况。     

一种多周期易腐品库存路径问题模型及其求解算法

通过分析一个供应商用多个相同车辆向多个客户配送一种易腐品,在随机需求下,满足多个周期中客户的服务水平、决策计划期内的配送路线和配送量,以库存持有成本、货损成本、运输成本最小化为目标,建立随机需求的多周期易腐品库存路径问题模型,将库存控制和运输问题整合优化。还针对该模型设计了一种改进的遗传算法,能够保证初始种群以及变异、交叉后的种群的多样性和优越性,有足够搜索全局最优解的能力。     

基于不同营销策略下的库存采购模型比较

把免费运货及价格折扣同时考虑,从供应商对零售商订单采取免费运货和对产品进行价格折扣出发,在顾客需求周期的基础上,建立了零售商的最优化库存采购模型,并给出了在一定条件下零售商的最优订货量.通过和运费统价模型比较,得出综合运用免费运货和价格折扣可以有效增加零售商的定货数量,它降低了零售商库存采购成本,是取得规模效应的一种方法,对于进一步稳定和增加客源有着重要的意义.     

多产品分销系统库存与订货模型及算法研究

为进一步提高分销系统的利润,针对带资源约束的多产品分销网络,研究了在价格折扣驱动下的库存与订货问题,构建了采用周期盘点库存控制策略时分销系统的利润模型,并设计了基于罚函数的混合遗传算法求解策略.以一个数值算例验证了模型和算法的有效性,结果表明:在资源紧张的分销系统中,有选择地联合订货可以达到以较小利润换取较大资源节约的目的.     

基于JMI的单周期离散随机需求下的库存与运输集成问题研究

针对一个配送中心,多个零售商的JMI物流系统,建立了该系统在单周期离散随机需求下基于两级库存成本的运输-库存集成优化模型,并针对该模型的特征设计了相应的遗传算法.最后通过算例分析验证了该算法的有效性.     

零售店货物的库存-配送集成化研究

以沃尔玛零售店一个供应商与多个客户组成的二级物流系统为例,研究了在随机需求下的零售商库存与配送联合优化问题。以一个补货周期内的总成本最小为目标,建立了相关库存-路径数学模型。结合报童模型与蚁群算法,提出了一个新的启发式算法求解思路,求解确定了每个客户配送的商品数量和配送路径方案的库存-路径问题,并与直接按照各门店最佳订货量配送的递送成本进行了对比分析,证实了将库存与配送联合考虑在降低供应链系统总成本中的有效性与合理性。     

Recurrent crises in global games

Global games have unique equilibria in which aggregate behavior changes sharply when an underlying random fundamental crosses some threshold. This property relies on the existence of dominance regions: all players have a highest and lowest action that, for some fundamentals, is strictly dominant. But if the fundamental follows a random walk, it eventually spends nearly all of its time in these regions: crises gradually disappear. We obtain recurring crises by adding a single large player who lacks dominance regions. We also show that in order to obtain recurring crises, one must either relax dominance regions or restrict to fundamentals that continually return to or cross over a fixed region.     

二次循环下逆向物流库存控制模型探讨

以二次循环的概念为基础,假设第二次回收的产品经处理后,使用价值发生变化,其价值小于新产品,建立了二次循环下的逆向物流库存模型。讨论了定期订货中,当第二次回收产品的处理仅有一次时,订货周期内第一次回收产品的修复仅有一次和修复有n次这两种情况下的库存模型,并通过算例验证了模型的有效性。     

Predicting relative forecasting performance: An empirical investigation

The relative performances of forecasting models change over time. This empirical observation raises two questions. First, is the relative performance itself predictable? Second, if so, can it be exploited in order to improve the forecast accuracy? We address these questions by evaluating the predictive abilities of a wide range of economic variables for two key US macroeconomic aggregates, namely industrial production and inflation, relative to simple benchmarks. We find that business cycle indicators, financial conditions, uncertainty and measures of past relative performances are generally useful for explaining the models’ relative forecasting performances. In addition, we conduct a pseudo-real-time forecasting exercise, where we use the information about the conditional performance for model selection and model averaging. The newly proposed strategies deliver sizable improvements over competitive benchmark models and commonly-used combination schemes. The gains are larger when model selection and averaging are based on both financial conditions and past performances measured at the forecast origin date.     

构建双循环新发展格局开启中国经济新征程

以国内经济循环为主体,国内国际双循环的经济发展态势是大国经济发展的一个趋势性事实,不以人的意志为转移。新发展格局体现了战略关切取向从效率和公平、零壁垒和零关税向安全的调整。经济学和经济发展的两个最重要的理论关切是效率和公平。当考虑到国际关系时,国际自由竞争的经济学逻辑,就是没有贸易壁垒和低关税,最好是零关税、零壁垒,那么国内国际的经济循环就可以一体化。这就是市场经济的国内循环与国际循环的基本逻辑。从根本的理论逻辑来说,要逐步形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的“新”发展格局,就是在原有的理论逻辑中加入安全因素。由于对安全的深度关切,在国内国际双循环中,必须形成更具安全关切性的新发展格局,并使之成为国家经济发展战略的重要内容。国内循环为主体基于规则博弈的纵深化。国内国际双循环的背景是经济全球化,而经济全球化的格局本身也在发生深刻变化。世界各国经济主体的行为不一样,各国所构建的市场规则体系也很不一样。新冠肺炎疫情之后,中国经济发展战略取向将突出两个问题:一是安全性,二是畅通性。只是安全而不畅通就没有效率,只是畅通而失去安全则难以可持续地循环畅通。构建经济双循环新发展格局首先要判断中美之争的实质是规则之争,中国经济崛起之后,经济全球化已不再遵循英国美国曾经主导的那个发展格局的基本逻辑,不再是把全世界的规则变成同质化(西方化),而是要解决不同国家如何形成适应国情的规则,以及不同的规则空间如何进行衔接的问题,这就国内国际双循环的“新发展格局”。     

库存管理中的安全技术

持有合适的安全库存是企业在成本节约和满足客户需求间的权衡,因此确定合适的安全库存量对于企业甚至整个供应链来说都非常重要。文章研究了确定安全库存时需要注意的三个事项:一是需要区分周期服务水平CSL和产品补给率fr;二是区分季节性库存与安全库存;三是需要重视少数异常值的发现和对安全库存的影响。     

Fine tuning the dinosaur? Environmental product innovation and strategic threat in the automotive industry: A case study of the Volkswagen Audi Group

The environmental impacts associated with the life cycle of the automobile are pronounced. Indeed, many environmentalists suggest that through its lifetime the core product of the automotive industry is the most polluting product on earth. This paper analyses the response to such criticism from one particular automotive manufacturer, the Volkswagen Audi Group. The paper charts the improvements that are being realised by VW throughout the life cycle of the car, particularly in relation to product use and disposal. It is suggests that the efforts of the automotive industry to reduce its environmental impact through incremental improvements in the environmental efficiency of each car are continually undermined by an overall increase in the level of transport. Thus, it is concluded that the ability of the automotive industry to manage the life cycle impact of its product is severely constrained unless it can dramatically influence the demands of its customers, and that potentially this is an issue of fundamental strategic importance for the industry as a whole.     

生产物流时问组织的教学模式研究

为解决生产物流时间组织“教与学”深度不够的问题，文中设计一种新的教学模式。该教学模式将教学流程划分为理论教学和实验教学两子阶段；并结合教学目标和各自教学特点，详细地分析各子阶段的教学流程。理论教学中，重点利用“探索式”教学方法引导学生完成三种不同物料移动方式加工周期公式的推导；在此基础上，利用“教师启发、学生总结”的方式完成各自优缺点和适用范围的总结。实验教学中，在详细分析系统功能的基础上，利用开发工具完成生产物流时间组织辅助系统的开发；该系统能有效地求解成批物料以三种不同移动方式完成加工的加工周期和最少搬运次数，并能绘制加工与搬运甘特图。     

Enterprise systems’ life cycle in pursuit of resilient smart factory for emerging aircraft industry: a synthesis of Critical Success Factors’(CSFs), theory,knowledge gaps,and implications

The research aims to investigate business value critical success factors (CSFs) of enterprise systems (ES) through their life cycle in pursuit of resilient smart factory for emerging aircraft industry. This article provides an extensive literature analysis of past 22 years based on conscientious criteria of authors: (i) who have published strategic content relevant to CSFs, (ii) received more than 300 citations and (iii) concurrently published two or more papers relevant to ES CSFs. The most cited strategic CSFs were termed as classical CSFs. The 22 CSFs were identified, validated and synthesised for better understanding of success across life cycle by aircraft industry experts. The top 10 empirically verified CSFs have numerous differences with past generic classical CSFs. This article canvases real insights of two distinct views: process and variance approaches of the ES CSFs. The process approach, which is a neglected research area, facilitates the researchers for identification of ES life cycle process coupled with a view of resource deployment when it is needed the most. While the variance approach facilitates practitioners and researchers in finding out which resource (CSF) is relatively more important. The significant findings for ES life cycle can help the practitioners and researchers to make rational decisions throughout the ES life cycle.     

Entrepreneurship and birth order: fact or folklore

Prior research into the birth order of entrepreneurs has supported the commonly held belief that entrepreneurs tend to be first–born children. Traditional birth–order theory and our research question this belief and its supporting research for three fundamental reasons. First, conceptually, birth order does not facilitate the prediction of entrepreneurial tendencies nor does it enable us to influence an individual in the direction of entrepreneurial pursuits, two basic goals of social science theory and research. Second, conclusions from research on entrepreneurs and birth order are inconsistent with and do not support the predictions of traditional birth–order theory. Finally, birth–order research in the area of entrepreneurship has been plagued by poor methodological control of intervening variables such as family size, socio–economic level, and education levels. An empirical test using the necessary methodological controls was conducted. As hypothesized, no relationship was found between entrepreneurship and birth order.     

立法和制定标准的比较分析和研究——法律与标准生命周期过程比较分析研究之一

法律法规和标准都有其生命周期,即制定、实施、修订、再实施,直到废除的过程。它们之间也存在着异同之处。为了便于法律法规的立法过程和标准生命周期过程进行比较分析,本文主要就行政法规、部门规章和国家标准、行业标准的生命周期的第一阶段,即立法过程和标准制定过程进行了比较分析和研究。技术法规,尤其是强制性标准是联结法律与标准的重要纽带,也是相关法律立法过程中必须高度重视和考虑的一个重要方面。