Empirical analysis of urban youth unemployment in Ethiopia

Lack of adequate jobs and long unemployment duration becomes a challenge for urban youth in Ethiopia. This study empirically examines youth unemployment and its determinants in urban Ethiopia. It aims to examine the incidences and durations of youth unemployment and their determinant factors. In addition to logistic regression model, a nonparametric Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model are used. The results indicate that both the incidence and duration of youth unemployment is higher in urban Ethiopia. The hazards model shows that the hazard rate of leaving unemployment are significantly related to individual characteristics such as age and educational level of the youth, and labor market factors such as experience and job market information. Gender and regional disparities are observed. Young women exit unemployment much slower than men and the exit rate increases with age. Big and relatively more urbanized regions have a higher incidence and longer duration of unemployment spells than the small regions. Finally, based on the results, the study suggests that there is a need to adopt target policies that will promote skills and employment opportunities for the youth. Providing entrepreneurship training and startup capital to encourage youth to create rather than seek jobs is critical in this regard.     

基于DEA-BCC模型的广东省市域公共服务效率研究

在本研究中,通过采用广东省21个地级以上城市公共服务投入和公共服务产出的相关统计数据,并基于产出导向型的数据包络分析方法(DEA-BCC)建立了广东省公共服务市域评价模型并进行城市分类和横向比较。研究结果表明:省内区域间公共服务效率差异显著尤其是珠三角与粤东西北地区之间;同一区域内城市间的公共服务效率分化明显。此外,广东省城市公共服务效率的改善措施应更具针对性。     

What can we expect from subsidies for the long-term unemployed?

What can we expect from subsidies for the long-term unemployed? According to Snower (1994a) unemployment would fall dramatically. Furthermore, the subsidy scheme would pay for itself. In this paper we argue that the impact on unemployment is more likely to be limited and is unlikely to constitute a ‘free lunch.’ We present an adapted version of MIMIC where we model the distinction between short and long-term unemployment explicitly. Simulation results on subsidies for the long-term unemployed are in line with the findings of microlevel studies on actually implemented subsidy schemes for the long-term unemployed. The simulation results are in contrast with Snower's analysis.     

业主在城市物业服务市场上的搭便车行为及其治理

单个业主在城市物业服务交易市场上扮演的一个重要角色是搭便车者。以这个角色为诱因,形成一个推动业主和物业公司之间矛盾不断强化的恶性循环机制。消除物业纠纷,建设和谐社区,一个重要的方面在于规范业主的行为。     

美国应用科技服务城市管理的最新实践及启示

随着社会对城市管理要求的提升,综合使用物理技术和数字技术成为创新解决方案的重要来源。文章总结了美国主要城市在四类基础设施领域的科技应用趋势,分享了其在哮喘病治理、市内交通安全和火灾预防方面的最新科技应用实践,并提出了对中国的经验借鉴。     

武汉城市圈汽车售后服务市场存在的问题及解决措施

本文分析了汽车后市场的定义和武汉城市圈的公路交通现状决定了其汽车消费和后汽车服务市场潜力的巨大。然后对武汉后汽车服务市场进行了简单的调查研究,并根据研究结果和武汉城市圈汽车后市场服务的现状,提出了相应的策略:建立武汉城市圈汽车服务连锁经营模式;拓展武汉后汽车市场服务的范围。     

城市社区公共体育服务供给优化策略研究

文章通过对苏州市社区公共体育服务供给现状的调查分析,呈现不同城市的共性问题,从供给主体、供给模式的选择以及供给内容方面进行剖析,为公共体育服务深入研究提供思路,为优化现有服务供给结构献计献策。     

An integrated planning model for investment in urban infrastructure and pricing municipal services

This viewpoint proposes an iterative, cyclical and incremental model for preparing and pricing a capital investment programme and budget for municipal infrastructure services. South African towns and cities are used as case‐studies. The model links capital investment, operation and maintenance (supply) to the prices offered or paid by the beneficiaries (demand). Ignoring the conventional framework for the development of an area, this viewpoint concentrates on how capital investment for municipal infrastructure services could be planned and programmed and prices or tariffs determined. Given that socio‐economic trends in most municipalities in South Africa are unpredictable, short‐ to medium‐term capital investment planning is emphasised.     

关于海南如何率先深化城乡公共文化服务体系建设的研究

本文在介绍全国公共文化服务体系建设情况的基础上,分析了公共文化服务体系建设的本质意义并没有充分体现出来,并针对海南的文化建设情况做了介绍和分析,提出了率先深化文化建设的一些意义和举措,不仅为全国其他城乡公共文化建设提供的思路和借鉴,同时为海南文化发展和经济腾飞提供的比较具体的实施方案和建议。     

业主在城市物业服务中“非自愿乘车”的制度原因

单个业主在城市物业服务市场上扮演的基本角色是非自愿乘车者。其根源在于现有物业管理法规存在缺陷,尤其是立法所依据的假设与实际相脱离。     

ESDS： An E-business SOA service replica distribution scheme

How to effectively distribute service replicas to its nodes is of much importance in an E-business SOA （service-oriented architecture） system. In many cases, the SOA service replicas are randomly placed, and any SOA service replicas have no relation with any nodes in which they are. So these service replicas are very difficultly accessed, and the flexibility of the system is poor. This paper presents such a novel service replicas distribution scheme. Instead of traditional method, this scheme is mainly based on the group structure that makes every node relate to the characteristics of the service replicas. The proposed scheme is very flexible to change the structures of the service applications. So the scheme can be employed by many scenarios where service replicas are needed.     

Delivery of urban transport in developing countries: the case for the motorcycle taxi service (boda-boda) operators of Kampala

In East Africa, the development of the bicycle and motorcycle taxi (boda-boda) service can be seen as a spontaneous entrepreneurial response to the increased availability of bicycles and motorcycles. Concomitant with the increasing number of boda-boda operators is the escalating passenger safety concern. A needs assessment survey instrument was administered to randomly selected motorcycle boda-boda operators from a Kampala suburb (Kalerwe and Bwayise locations). Besides safety, the questionnaire addressed issues related to preferred equipment type, ownership, operator training, profitability and operators' attitudes toward organised association. The results of the study support the notion that it is difficult for boda-boda operators to make substantial improvements in their incomes. The results also illustrate the importance of this emerging cottage industry to the local economy. However, more needs to be done to protect the public and to enhance the boda-boda operators' professionalism.     

Infrastructure design and urban form: An exercise in geometry

Summary The article presents an elaborated application of Von Stackelberg's Law of Traffic Refraction. This law is used to show how the shape of an urban area is influenced by the construction of new roads on which generalised transportation costs are appreciably lower than in the original urban area. The change in structure and direction of traffic is analysed. Finally computations are presented concerning total transportation costs in cities of different shapes.Parts of this paper lean heavily on an earlier paper by L.H. Klaassen and J.S. van Nouhuys, Nederlands Verkeersinstituut, Monografie NVI, no. IX, March 1954.     

试析我国服务贸易业国际竞争力

随着全球经济的发展和信息技术的广泛应用,国际服务贸易得以迅速发展,服务贸易业成为新的经济增长点。我国服务贸易业近年来也得到快速发展,但由于国内服务产业的自身弱点,造成我国服务贸易总量较小、结构不合理、整体实力不强。本文从分析我国服务贸易业现状入手,通过对贸易竞争优势指数即TC指数的研究和比较,并结合我国即将加入WTO,对我国服务贸易业的发展方向作出初步探讨。