从统计学的视角看实验经济学

实验经济学将实验的方法引入经济问题研究,是经济学方法论的一次重大变革,实验方法正逐渐成为经济学研究的一种重要工具。然而,由于实验经济学尚处于发展的初始阶段,对于经济实验的方法还很少有人进行深入的研究。文章指出,实验经济学虽然是一个全新的研究领域,但经济实验本质上是一种统计实验,应遵循统计实验研究的基本方法和基本规律。实验经济学可以借鉴统计学的研究方法,得到更大、更快的发展。     

A Dream Experiment in Development Economics

In this article, the authors discuss a unique project carried out by 13 teams of four students each in the undergraduate Development Economics class during the 2012 spring semester at a private liberal arts college. The goal of the “Dream Experiment” was to think of an idea that promotes development, employs concepts from development economics, uses a real-world situation from a developing country, and has implications for policy if the experiment goes ahead. The authors present details of the project's modus operandi, provide a case study as an example, and highlight lessons for economics pedagogy.     

A Television Experiment in College Economics

Although nearly two dozen studies have dealt with the use of TV in teaching economics in one way or another, much remains to be said on the subject. Danielsen and Stauffer provide some interesting new information on the effectiveness of television as compared with conventional techniques. Their experimental design, as well as their immediate findings, will be of interest to others employing television as a teaching device.     

Towards a History of American Institutional Economics

This paper focuses on a number of issues that have arisen in my efforts to deal with the history of American institutional economics in the interwar period. The specific issues addressed here are (1) the choice of time frame; (2) the definition of institutionalism in terms of its commonly held ideas; (3) the treatment of the network of personal contacts that make up the institutional movement; (4) the treatment of certain institutional and cross-disciplinary connections and supports; and (5) the variety of reasons lying behind the relative decline in the position of institutional economics after World War II. Each of these issues is discussed in light of historical material and examples and with a view to detailing the specific challenges and possible solutions involved.     

经济史学研究中区域划分的标准与模式

中国经济具有多层面的结构。只有采取区域研究的方法，从多个角度、多种标准与模式，才能反映得全面、具体、深入。本文以作者参与编撰的著述为例，阐述了经济史学研究中的区域划分的标准与模式。     

A Note on the Teaching of Economics Through American History

McConnell examines problems connected with measuring the readability of introductory economics textbooks and observes that an index of readability based on sentence length and the number of syllables per some given number of words may be deficient, misleading, and possibly counterproductive. In this connection, he observes that “virtually no work has been undertaken to determine whether the choice of textbook is a significant factor in determining student understanding and performance.” Research in this area might make it possible to substitute empirical evidence for what most instructors in their selection of a textbook attempt to intuit.     

经济史学:理论经济学的基础学科

理论出自历史。经济历史出经济理论。经济史与经济理论的有机结合，是当代经济学发展的趋。本文从用于分析经济史学的理论，以及分析经济史实得出的理论概括两个方面，介绍了作者编著《中国近现代经济史》在加强理论分析方面的努力。     

Economics: Its History,Themes, Approaches

This article is not concerned with “A Theory of Value” or “The Theory of Value.” It is strictly limited to a discussion of the concepts specified in its title and consists of three parts. The first of these is concerned with ideas of Charles Sanders Peirce and is based upon a study of his published and unpublished papers contained in the eight-volume edition of his Collected Works.¹ The second part is concerned with ideas of Clarence Ayres, primarily those presented in his Toward A Reasonable Society [Ayres 1961]. The third part contains some brief concluding remarks.     

"经济学帝国主义"与经济学在中国

本文通过对几位研究方向和研究方法具有明显差异的著名经济学家对经济学的看法以及他们研究领域的简要评述,力图勾画出当代经济学不同的发展走向,并结合中国经济学研究的某些现状提出了自己的看法。     

经济学的困境与行为经济学的解构

行为经济学在当代的发展已经突破了正统经济学的基本框架,开始对情感、策略互动行为、社会效用、决策者在未知世界中的选择行为进行系统研究,并在最近几年综合形成了多种由理性系统和非理性系统组成的双系统模型.这些双系统模型与2 000多年前的柏拉图马车模型同构.经济学研究对柏拉图的回归,表明经济学仍然处于单极化本质主义的结构化陷阱之中.研究分析表明,经济学发展目前面临的困境,正是经济学转向关系论,走上希望之路的起点.     

新自由主义思潮的经济哲学批判

新自由主义经济学重要代表人物哈耶克与弗里德曼等人都以其经济学认识论与方法论而著称。在哈耶克的自发秩序原理和弗里德曼的货币主义理论中,个体人的自由行动构成为最基本的概念范畴,进而在自由竞争的市场体制下促成了资本主义的繁荣发展。随着二十世纪七十年代新自由主义的兴起及其全球化资本主义的盛行,其反思与批判成为了现代政治经济学的核心议题,并对马克思主义的时代发展具有重要比较意义。     

论经济史研究在马克思主义经典作家经济理论体系中的地位

马克思和恩格斯是经济史学科作为独立的学科产生之前最杰出的经济史学家.经济史研究在他们的经济理论体系中,既是方法论基础,又是基本内容.他们开创的经济史与经济理论、历史逻辑与理论逻辑结合的研究方法,是对英国古典经济学和德国历史学派方法论的科学继承,是经济学方法论的一次科学革命.     

Biology, Diseases, and Economics: An Epidemiological History of Slavery in the American South

The economic history of antebellum southern slavery has been and is the subject of ongoing debates among scholars. The literature includes assessments about the efficiency of slavery as well as about the adequacy of slave living standards and diets. Yet this literature under appreciates the important biologic and historical role that parasitic diseases played in the history of slavery. Recognizing the role of parasitic diseases calls into question some prevailing interpretations of slavery. Lacking direct evidence on slave diets, scholars turned to anthropometric evidence as proxies for the living standards of slaves, leading to the prevailing view that adult slaves were given adequate sustenance, but slave infants and children were severely malnourished. We argue it was not slave diets, but the combination of the plantation system and diseases that caused abnormally small slave children. The diseases that concern us, primarily hookworm and malaria, affected slaves ('blacks') and free labor ('whites') differently. Many slaves were concentrated on large plantations with infants and younger children crowded into 'nurseries.' This system allowed the maintenance and spread of diseases that adversely affected younger slaves. Southern white children however were less likely to be raised in conditions so conductive to parasitic diseases. The disease ecology of the antebellum South has implications for the prevailing view that slavery was more efficient than free labor. Biologic evidence indicates that people of tropical West African ancestry are more resilient to the effects of hookworm and malaria than European descendents. Thus when whites did contract these diseases, they were more afflicted than blacks. When slaves entered the adult work force they were taken from disease breeding grounds (slave nurseries) and sent into relatively (for blacks) healthy fields, while whites that went into the fields found a disease environment that was typically worse than that of their childhood. If black adults were more productive than were white adults because of a greater resilience to parasitic diseases, then part of any measured difference in productivity between slave and free farms should be attributed to the disease resistance of African descendents, rather than to any inherent efficiencies of slavery.