Liberalisation and international cooperation

While being a necessary consequence of the ongoing and desirable process of international division of labour, the increasing freedom of international money and capital movements has in recent years impaired the efficiency of national economic policy instruments. In order to overcome this drawback the loss in national economic policy autonomy should be counterbalanced by a gain in economic policy cooperation between the national economies.     

Industrial development and international cooperation

A long road to substantive levels of industrialization still lies ahead of most developing countries. The challenges facing policy-makers and industrialists in these countries are enormous. What role should the international community play in the second half of the '90s to support these countries' economic development endeavours?     

Europe needs a dynamic international investment regime with China

Academic thinking on foreign direct investment has evolved over the years. This paper reviews this evolution for its usefulness in understanding EU-Chinese investment relations today. It then explores the idea of a new dynamic policy regime as a more appropriate means to address the complex issues of investment liberalisation rather than the traditional trade liberalisation approach.     

整合国际物流加强我国与中亚各国的国际合作

随着中国和中亚各国经济形势逐步进入平稳发展的历史阶段,中国与中亚各国间的贸易往来有较大增长,经贸合作的广度和深度都有所提高,中亚各国都注重区域整合,建立以关税同盟为目标的区域经济合作,在此情况下,整合国际物流,加强我国与中亚各国的经济合作势在必行.本文在论述我国与中亚各国物流合作的基础之上主要谈谈如何整合国际物流,加强与中亚的合作.     

发展科技中介服务促进国际经济技术合作

科技中介组织的发展水平是一个国家、一个地区市场经济发展水平的重要标志,是保证实现科技与经济紧密结合、高效融合的现代化平台,是促进国际经济技术合作的长效基因。科技中介服务机构的出现与发展跟经济因素、科技水平、文化特点密切相关。纵观当今世界各发达国家,他们都有强大的企业为龙头,众多配套发展的企业为支撑企业的产业群。同时,他们必然拥有着强大的“思想库”、“智囊机构”--中介咨询机构,包括科技中介机构,为其提供优质规范的服务。中国加入世界贸易组织和经济体制改革的新形势,面对竞争和挑战,必须抓住当前国际高新技术产业…     

Achieving value co-creation through cooperation in international joint ventures: A two-level perspective

How can international joint ventures (IJVs) enhance value co-creation? Using a resource-based view (RBV), this study examines whether partners’ cultural compatibility and parent companies’ asset complementarity foster top-level cooperation and/or operating-level cooperation in IJVs and investigates the underlying mechanisms (i.e., top-level goal alignment and operating-level goal alignment) in IJV relationships. This study also scrutinizes the differing impacts of top-level and operating-level cooperation on value co-creation in IJVs. The findings from a survey of 200 IJVs in China show that partners’ cultural compatibility positively affects top-level cooperation primarily through top-level goal alignment, while asset complementarity positively affects operating-level cooperation through operating-level goal alignment. Furthermore, operating-level cooperation has a stronger effect on value co-creation than top-level cooperation. This study offers fresh insights into IJV cooperation and value co-creation by introducing a two-level perspective and provides important managerial implications for the development of sustainable IJVs.     

Social networks and marketing cooperation in entrepreneurial clusters: An international comparative study

This research examines factors that influence the development of marketing cooperation among cluster-based firms in different regions in the world. Theorists have consistently demonstrated the role and importance of economic externalities, such as knowledge spillovers, within industrial clusters. Less research attention has been paid to the investigation of marketing-based externalities, though it has been suggested that these may also accrue from geographical agglomeration. The study focus is on the development of joint marketing activities between firms operating in a single industry sector, located in close proximity. The results suggest that social networking is important in facilitating inter-firm cooperation in marketing activities. The study also explores whether the levels of inter-firm cooperation differs between countries with distinctly different levels of social collectivism. Interestingly, this study finds few significant differences in marketing cooperation among cluster-based firms from Scotland and Chile.     

重视国际科技合作进一步提高船舶工业国际竞争力

船舶工业取得辉煌成就得益于国际科技合作 改革开放20多年来,我国船舶工业从当初只能造万吨级常规散货船、油船,年造船产量只有60万吨左右一跃发展成为可建造30万吨级超大型油轮和多种高新技术船舶,年造船产量400万吨左右,并且80%以上是出口船舶的高度外向型产业.     

加快进程--内地与香港经济合作中贸易便利化问题研究

贸易便利化主要指通过提高贸易政策和法律法规透明度,建立高效合理的政府监管程序,放宽商务人员往来限制,加强电子商务和电子政务,完善知识产权保护等多种措施,减少或消除跨境交易中的机制性和制度性障碍,降低贸易成本,促进经济增长。作为内地第一份准自由贸易协定,随着内地和香港之间更紧密经贸关     

加强企业外事管理工作 开拓对外交流与合作的新格局

随着当前世界上各领域国际间沟通联系的逐渐加强和科技水平的不断发展,一方面,企业为实施发展战略需要积极引进和学习国外的先进经验和高端技术,使得对外交流也越来越频繁;另一方面,一些企业为在行业中立于不败之地,做大做强本企业而审时度势,把握重要战略机遇时机,积极并购海外企业和开展海外业务,使得企业的对外的拓展与合作也逐渐增多。因此,外事工作在企业全局工作和经济发展中的地位越来越重要,在协助企业开     

Trade interdependence, the international financial institutions, and the recent evolution of sovereign-debt renegotiations

This paper analyzes the effect of a debtor country’s pattern of trade with commercial creditors’ home countries on the outcome of debt-rescheduling negotiations. The analysis reveals that a debtor country with more market power has greater leverage in a three-way debt-rescheduling negotiation that includes the debtor country, its creditors and the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). The paper also considers the effects of the IFI sovereign-debt policy on the bargaining power of the parties in debt-rescheduling negotiations. Two bargaining frameworks analyzed and compared in the paper represent the negotiation mechanism at different stages of the IFI sovereign-debt policy evolution.     

国际金融危机对延边州对外劳务合作的影响研究

金融危机对延边地区的劳务合作影响明显,但延边地区又存在着特殊性,有着得天独厚的地域优势和人缘优势,充分发挥延边地区的优势,不仅可以使其免受国际金融危机的影响,还可以进一步完善延边地区对外劳务合作的机制.     

基于传统国际关系理论分析中美能源互动的趋势:由竞争走向合作

从传统国际关系理论中的现实主义、自由主义和建构主义的角度来看待和分析中美在能源领域的互动趋势,通过吸纳传统国际关系理论的基本概念,构建一种基于"利益"、"机制"、"观念"来考察国际合作的思维框架,并运用宏观和微观分析相结合的综合研究方法,旨在发现利益、机制和观念因素在中美能源互动中所起的作用,探究促成国际合作的深层次原因.作者的结论是:能源合作已成为中美政治对话中新的重要议题,其内容涵盖了双方新的利益契合点.不仅如此,中美两国在各种合作机制不断嵌入国家双边关系的时代,在包括清洁能源、提高能效、节能减排、保护环境等越来越多的领域达成了合作的共识.从"利益"、"机制"和"观念"这三个角度采看,中美两国在能源领域的互动正逐步由竞争走向合作.     

East-West economic cooperation

Beyond the existing forms of East-West cooperation in Europe such as economic assistance, loans, joint ventures and association agreements, both sides are looking for suitable ways of establishing more institutionalized relations. Already existing institutions, membership of which could be offered to the new market economies, are EFTA, the European Economic Area (EEA) and the EU. This article discusses the effects of membership for both eastern and western countries in the light of their differing interests.     

刍议国际贸易中的贸易报复

20世纪 90年代后,随着经济全球化的发展,国际贸易领域中的争端和冲突日益增多,许多国家为了维护自己的经济利益,开始越来越多地采取贸易报复。目前,贸易报复已成为制约国际贸易发展的重要障碍之一,而要减少各国之间的贸易报复,首先需要真正地认识贸易报复。     

技术转让与需求

自主创新技术成果转让与合作高纯工业氧化镁与多孔状强吸附剂项目概况氧化镁生产原料主要有2种:1)发达国家96%～99%以上高纯氧化镁用海水、卤水制取;2)不发达国家生产93%～95%的氧化镁用高污染的白云石和菱镁矿制取。我们研究和开发生产99%以上高纯氧化镁是从蛇纹岩化学湿法制取。它的投入生产解决了国内外两大技术难题,第一解决了用白云石和菱镁矿生产氧化镁分离CaO的难题,也能解决了用海水、卤水生产高纯氧化镁分离B_2O_3的困难。同时也克服了当前国内外生产氧化镁高投入、高成     

Relationship frames and cooperation

We examine how various categories of relationships, and the time horizons of those relationships, affect rates of cooperation and competition in a mixed-motive decision task. We suggest that whether managers are likely to cooperate or compete depends on whether the task is framed as involving a colleague, customer, supplier, or competitor relationship. We suggest that these differences will exist only when the time horizon of the relationship is long term. We test these proposals in an experimental role-play exercise conducted by personal computer. When the time horizon is long, subjects are more likely to cooperate with customers, colleagues, and suppliers than with competitors. Counter to expectations, subjects are more likely to cooperate with competitors than with colleagues when the time horizon is short than when the time horizon is long. In addition, we show how the four business relationship frames vary along several dimensions that successfully discriminate among the relationships. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for helping managers cooperate when cooperation is appropriate.     

Participation in tripartite cooperation

The following article is an excerpt from a study written by the authors on behalf of the UNCTAD. It is based on the experiences of German enterprises which have been participating in cooperation projects with CMEA-states and developing countries.