股票市场开放与企业投资效率——基于“沪港通”的准自然实验

资本市场的持续对外开放是党的十九大强调的重要举措。本文基于沪港通开通这一准自然实验,检验了股票市场开放对企业投资效率的影响。结果发现:沪港通的开启促进了标的公司投资效率的提高,这一影响主要体现在信息环境不透明、治理水平低的公司;机制分析发现,沪港通开启后,公司信息质量的提高和分析师预测准确度的增加是股票市场开放影响标的公司投资效率的重要渠道;最终标的公司在沪港通开通后经营业绩也得到提升。本文结论表明,股票市场开放改善了公司的投资效率,提高了对实体经济的服务能力,这对党的十九大提出的“深化资本市场对外开放”和“金融服务实体经济”系列改革有重要启示。     

资本市场开放与会计信息可比性——来自“沪港通”的经验证据

以2014年"沪港通"的实施作为外生事件,基于双重差分模型实证检验"沪港通"政策对于会计信息可比性的影响。研究发现:"沪港通"政策的实施显著提升了上市公司会计信息的可比性;"沪港通"政策通过公司治理机制提高了上市公司会计信息的可比性。"沪港通"政策对于提高我国资本市场的会计信息质量具有一定的积极作用,为我国后续资本市场进一步对外开放提供了经验证据。     

资本市场开放能够提升企业价值吗?——基于沪港通的证据

沪港通的实施是我国资本市场开放的里程碑事件,本文基于国际资产定价模型(IAPM),采用PSM-DID方法检验了沪港通的实施对企业价值的提升效应。研究发现,沪港通的实施可以使沪港通标的公司价值显著提升,在更换政策时间、虚构处理组、替换核心变量后该结论仍然显著;拓展性检验结果表明,沪港通通过增加资本市场流动性、改善公司治理、降低系统性风险等机制提升企业价值。     

“沪港通”如何影响企业现金持有决策——基于价值效应和竞争效应分析

"沪港通"作为我国一项重要的资本市场开放政策,会对资本市场各主体产生深远影响。本文以2007—2018年我国A股上市公司为样本,采用双重差分(DID)方法研究"沪港通"政策对企业现金持有决策的影响。研究发现,"沪港通"政策实施可以提高"沪港通"标的公司的现金持有。同时,本文进一步检验了现金持有的竞争效应和价值效应,并且通过区分产权性质和外部经济政策不确定性,发现"沪港通"政策所带来的正向现金持有效应在非国有企业、外部经济政策不确定性更高时体现得更明显。在替换核心变量、控制行业竞争程度后结论依然成立。本文研究从企业现金持有决策角度拓展了"沪港通"的相关研究,有助于更好地理解资本市场开放对微观主体决策的影响。     

资本市场开放能否提高企业信息披露质量？——基于“沪港通”和年报文本挖掘的分析

提高信息披露质量对于改善上市公司治理结构和保护股东权益具有重要意义。本文利用2014年开通的“沪港通”机制这一准自然实验,研究资本市场开放是否提高了企业的信息披露质量。从2010-2019年A股上市公司年报文本中提炼可读性指标衡量信息披露质量,使用匹配和双重差分方法进行实证研究,发现“沪港通”机制实施以后,标的公司(纳入“沪港通”的A股上市公司)的信息披露质量显著提高。这一结论对不同的估计方法、样本区间及控制变量组均保持稳健。异质性分析表明,对于盈余操纵水平较高、股价信息含量较低的企业,资本市场开放能够更好地改善其信息披露质量。本文丰富了资本市场开放对企业行为和绩效影响的实证研究,为继续推进资本市场开放政策提供了理论依据。     

Stock market openness and analyst forecast bias

Biases in analysts’ forecasts can be reduced not only through regulation but also through market mechanisms. In 2014, China launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Connect program, which opened part of its domestic equity market to foreign investors. The implementation of this program provides a quasi-natural experimental setting to explore whether stock market openness plays a governance role in brokerage firms and minimizes their affiliated analysts' forecast biases. We find that the participation of foreign institutional investors mitigates the forecast biases of affiliated analysts. We also show that these analysts exert more significant effort by conducting more site visits. Our findings suggest that market liberalization can help improving the quality of analysts’ forecasts.     

资本市场开放、企业社会责任与审计费用

外部审计作为资本市场看门人,对防范化解资本市场开放外生冲击,维护内地金融市场稳定性具有重要作用.本文基于"沪深港通"制度背景,引入瓦莱斯实证式审计理论结构,探讨了资本市场开放对审计费用的影响,以及企业社会责任的调节效应.基于2010-2020年A股上市公司数据分析发现:资本市场开放后审计费用增加显著,投资者的财务信息需...     

资本市场开放与股权资本成本——基于沪港通、深港通的实证研究

本文基于沪港通和深港通研究资本市场开放对中国内地股权资本成本的影响。研究发现,受政策风险和市场环境等因素所限,沪港通在初始阶段并未对沪市公司的股权资本成本产生显著影响,但随着政策进一步完善、市场逐渐稳定和交易不断活跃,其对股权资本成本的降低效果于实施两年后开始显现;深港通建立在沪港通的制度基础和运行经验上,其在开通后显著降低了标的公司的股权资本成本。本文还进一步分析了资本市场开放影响股权资本成本的竞争渠道和信息渠道,发现深港通对股权资本成本的降低作用主要集中在投资者竞争程度较高,或是公开信息质量较高、信息不对称程度较低的股票样本。     

资本市场开放与股权资本成本——基于沪港通、深港通的实证研究

本文基于沪港通和深港通研究资本市场开放对中国内地股权资本成本的影响。研究发现,受政策风险和市场环境等因素所限,沪港通在初始阶段并未对沪市公司的股权资本成本产生显著影响,但随着政策进一步完善、市场逐渐稳定和交易不断活跃,其对股权资本成本的降低效果于实施两年后开始显现;深港通建立在沪港通的制度基础和运行经验上,其在开通后显著降低了标的公司的股权资本成本。本文还进一步分析了资本市场开放影响股权资本成本的竞争渠道和信息渠道,发现深港通对股权资本成本的降低作用主要集中在投资者竞争程度较高,或是公开信息质量较高、信息不对称程度较低的股票样本。     

Financial openness and profitability premium: Causal evidence from the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect

This study explores the impact of capital market openness on the profitability premium by using the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect (SHKSC) programme as an exogenous shock. The empirical results show that (1) we can basically rule out the mispricing mechanism driving the significant profitability premium in China; (2) following SHKSC, the expected stock returns increase more across less profitable firms, and the less profitable firms have more increases in illiquidity, capital structure and information disclosure quality; and (3) the results are still robust after using propensity score matching analysis, deleting the highly volatile periods and conducting a firm-level test with the triple-differencing design.     

STOCK MARKET OPENNESS AND MARKET QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE SHANGHAI–HONG KONG STOCK CONNECT PROGRAM

We study the impact of capital market openness on high-frequency market quality in China. The Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect program (SHHKConnect) opens China's stock market to foreign investors and offers a natural experiment to investigate this question. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that market liberalization leads to lower quoted spread, lower effective spread, lower market depth, and higher short-term volatility. Our findings imply that opening the markets to more sophisticated foreign investors is associated with higher competition and more cross-market arbitrage activities, narrowing the spread and reducing liquidity providers’ profits, but increasing the price impact and short-term volatility of connected stocks.     

Foreign Institutional Investment,Ownership, and Liquidity: Real and Informational Frictions

The literature widely documents the negative liquidity impact of foreign participation in firms that permit high foreign institutional ownership. This paper employs a unique setting for the limited participation of qualified foreign institutional investors (QFIIs) in China's A-share market and examines how this impacts on stock liquidity in emerging markets. Contrary to the findings in the literature, foreign investor participation helps enhance the liquidity of affected stocks by promoting trade activities and price discovery. The improvement in liquidity does not occur through the information friction channel, but rather the real friction channel. Our results are robust to endogeneity issue and the possible influence of the global financial crisis, industry effects and the stock exchange. Further, the liquidity improving effects of QFII are even stronger when the analysis is performed on a subsample of QFII firms.     

我国资本市场开放的政策效应研究——现金股利视角的准自然实验

开放是现代经济体系和成熟金融市场的基本特征,资本市场在助力更高水平开放和推动创新转型方面被寄予厚望。本文以现金股利水平为切入点,利用"沪港通"实施构建准自然实验,验证资本市场开放对企业微观行为的政策效应。研究发现,我国资本市场开放显著提高上市公司现金股利水平,这一提升作用主要体现在代理成本高和公司成熟度低的企业中。中介效应检验显示,资金流动性增加和盈利能力上升是资本市场开放提高现金股利水平的重要渠道,而内部治理水平的中介效应并不显著。本文结论为推动资本市场高质量开放提供了经验证据,具有一定启示作用。     

Herding and the role of foreign institutions in emerging equity markets

This study examines herding surrounding qualified foreign institutional investors (QFIIs) in an emerging equity market. Using five years of weekly order flow data, I find that, when QFIIs increase (decrease) their weightings in particular sectors, dealers', margin traders', and mutual funds' holdings/weightings likewise increase (decrease) during the same and following weeks, despite controls for return and trading momentum. This herding is potentially destabilizing as prices overshoot and mean revert highlighting the potential negative impact of this level of transparency and of the policy of disclosing QFII trading in emerging markets.     

股票市场投资者结构国际比较研究

本文梳理了A股市场与相关国家(地区)股市投资者结构的现状,探讨这些市场投资者结构的演变路径、以及促成这种演变的主要因素。基于境外主要市场投资者结构演变及政策措施的经验教训,本文提出改进A股市场相关制度的六点政策建议:第一,从更宏观的政策层面入手,改进上市公司结构,增厚上市公司利润,以增进A股市场的长期投资价值;第二,着力培育和鼓励大体量资金机构进入股市;第三,有必要继续扩大海外合格机构投资者资金规模;第四,完善金融产品供应,适当放宽交易规则约束,使机构投资者有更多工具和交易方式参与市场交易;第五,在个人投资者方面,监管部门需要适度转变监管理念,进而改进相关交易规则,鼓励个人投资者以合理方式理性参与股市;第六,创新税收激励机制,合理引导个人投资者。     

险资持股对上市公司股价波动的影响研究 ——基于机构投资者异质性视角

保险机构已经成为资本市场重要的机构投资者,其在整个资本市场中的作用日益受到关注.基于机构投资者异质性的视角,对保险机构和证券投资基金、社保基金以及Q FII等其他机构投资者的持股特征进行对比分析,总结梳理保险机构投资者持股的特征.并运用面板数据模型,从长期持股和持股比例变动两个方面对比分析保险机构持股与证券投资基金持股对股价波动的影响.结果表明:在样本期间内,相对于证券投资基金,保险机构长期持股起到了稳定股市的作用,但保险机构持股比例变动会加剧股市的波动.     

Capital market liberalisation and voluntary corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

This paper investigates the impact of the Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect (SHSC) scheme on voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in China. Using a difference-in-differences (DiD) design, we find that companies that participate in the SHSC scheme are more inclined to voluntarily issue CSR reports. This effect is more pronounced for companies that have limited access to international markets and those with weak corporate governance. Additional analyses show that SHSC-connected firms also produce higher quality CSR reports and achieve a better CSR performance. Our findings imply that capital market liberalisation promotes voluntary corporate disclosure for investors.     

Trading patterns of big versus small players in an emerging market: An empirical analysis

This study uses a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to examine interdependencies among institutional investors, big individual investors, and small individual investors, and the effects of their trading on stock returns on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE). The results imply that, during the sample period, big individual investors are the most well informed players; their trading affects not only stock returns but also small individual investors. Small individual investors are not well informed and are slow learners. Their orders to trade tend to provide liquidity to institutional and big individual investors, but there is no compensation for their liquidity services. We find that institutional investors follow neither positive-feedback nor negative-feedback trading strategies. Overall, the responses to shocks, except for those of small individual investors, decay quickly, indicating that the TSE can absorb shocks quickly and efficiently. Our analysis implies that small individual investors would be better off institutionalizing their investment decisions (e.g., by investing in mutual funds).     

The price impact of foreign institutional herding on large-size stocks in the Taiwan stock market

This study constructs a panel threshold regression model to explore the price impact of foreign institutional herding of firms listed in the Taiwan Stock Exchange during January 2000 to June 2008. Our panel threshold model is constructed to explore the price impact of foreign institutional investors?? herding in the Taiwan stock market after controlling the firm size. By examining the presence of threshold effect, this study analyzes whether firm size would obviously and asymmetrically affect the explanation for the effect of changes in foreign investors?? share ownership on abnormal returns. The empirical results of this study find the significant evidence of threshold effect which divides the stocks into large-size and small-size firms. It is found that foreign institutional investors in the Taiwan stock market tend to hold large-size stocks listed in the Taiwan Stock Exchange. There is an apparent increase in the subsequent abnormal returns on large-size stocks bought in bulk by foreign investors. The signals of changes in share ownership initiated by foreign institutional investors would reveal further information for improving the performance of asset reallocation decisions in Taiwan. The panel threshold model constructed in this paper well describes the price impact of institutional herding yet eschews the possibly subjective data snooping issue resulting from the two-pass sorting method as proposed by previous related researches.     

QFII制与中国证券市场

随着中国融入世界经济的前进步伐，我国证券市场将迟早向国际资本开放。在目前人民币没有实现自由兑换及外汇管制的条件下，作为过渡措施的QFII制度将引入中国证券市场。本就QFII制度作了初步介绍，对该制度在中国证券市场推行的意义、引入条件及其可能带来的风险进行了初步的分析。