经济转型时期中俄货币政策目标比较研究

本文回顾了中国和俄罗斯近年来执行货币政策的主要经历,并针对两国货币政策目标及其实施绩效进行了评价。结果发现,虽然中俄两国采取了相同的货币政策框架,但是却取得了不同的结果,中国的货币政策成功的控制了通胀,而俄罗斯的实际通胀率却始终高于其预先设定的目标。利用开放经济条件下的泰勒规则,我们进一步对中俄两国货币政策的目标进行了实证分析。结果表明,尽管中俄两国货币政策都采取了相同的反通胀的政策立场,但俄罗斯货币政策在稳定通胀的同时,还将稳定汇率作为了货币政策主要目标,这也是造成两国货币政策不同绩效的主要原因。我们认为,在当前人民币升值和通胀上升双重压力的背景下,我国货币政策的基本取向应该是坚持以反通胀为首要目标。     

Oil Prices and Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets: Structural Shifts in Causal Linkages

This study tests the causal relationships between oil prices and monetary policy for the emerging markets (Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey). In particular, we explore the role of exchange rates, inflation, and interest rates. First, we utilize the commonly used Toda–Yamamoto causality framework and later augment the model to account for structural shifts—including gradual/smooth shifts. The empirical findings show that (i) accounting for gradual structural shifts matter for the causal linkages between oil prices and the monetary policy variables and (ii) employing a bivariate or multivariate frameworks is not important (with few exceptions) as much as controlling for structural breaks in these causal linkages.     

Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Monetary Policy: A Cross-Commodity Analysis

This paper investigates how a change in monetary policy affects the degree and the speed of exchange rate pass-through to import prices in the emerging market economy, using a newly constructed data set from Taiwan's trading commodities. First, the analytical framework is set up following Goldberg and Knetter (1997) and Campa and Goldberg (2005). Next, the period-by-period and the multiple-period cumulative effects of monetary policy on the degree of exchange rate pass-through can be traced out. The dynamic panel data model is then estimated by Bun and Carree's (2005) bias-corrected approach, which enjoys easy calculation and robust testing performances, leading to more reliable empirical results. Our cross-commodity evidence strongly supports the partial pass-through in the short run and the complete pass-through in the long run. Moreover, following a change in monetary policy, this pass-through effect increases during several initial periods and declines to zero over time.     

The Taylor Rule and “Opportunistic” Monetary Policy

We investigate the possibility that the Taylor rule should be formulated as a threshold process such that the Federal Reserve acts more aggressively in some circumstances than in others. It seems reasonable that the Federal Reserve would act more aggressively when inflation is high than when it is low. Similarly, it might be expected that the Federal Reserve responds more to a negative than a positive output gap. Although these specifications receive some empirical support, we find that a modified threshold model that is consistent with “opportunistic” monetary policy makes significant progress toward explaining Federal Reserve behavior.     

Does the Exchange Rate Respond to Monetary Policy in Mexico? Solving an Exchange Rate Puzzle in Emerging Markets

This paper argues that the null or weak response of emerging market currencies to domestic monetary policy documented in the literature is the result of wide event windows. An event study with intraday data for Mexico shows that an unanticipated tightening appreciates the currency and flattens the yield curve, consistent with the evidence for advanced economies. With daily event windows, however, only the yield curve responds to monetary policy. Noise in daily exchange rate returns explains the lack of response of the currency. Such noise gives rise to a bias that declines after controlling for potential omitted variables.     

Determinants of House Prices: A Quantile Regression Approach

OLS regression has typically been used in housing research to determine the relationship of a particular housing characteristic with selling price. Results differ across studies, not only in terms of size of OLS coefficients and statistical significance, but sometimes in direction of effect. This study suggests that some of the observed variation in the estimated prices of housing characteristics may reflect the fact that characteristics are not priced the same across a given distribution of house prices. To examine this issue, this study uses quantile regression, with and without accounting for spatial autocorrecation, to identify the coefficients of a large set of diverse variables across different quantiles. The results show that purchasers of higher-priced homes value certain housing characteristics such as square footage and the number of bathrooms differently from buyers of lower-priced homes. Other variables such as age are also shown to vary across the distribution of house prices.

管理预期:货币政策新工具“SAY”探析

泰勒规则自20世纪90年代以来为美联储等央行所采用,也为众多央行所关注。由于货币政策最终目标,即物价稳定的强制性,政策目标利率的相机抉择性,泰勒规则执行中的规则性,泰勒规则其实是规则和相机抉择的结合。泰勒规则发挥作用的关键在于货币当局与公众建立良好的交流机制。货币当局配合利率调整实行联合或单独交流战略,管理预期,影响市场行为。因此,说(SAY)已经成为现代各国央行重要的货币政策工具,是货币政策传统工具做的重要补充,其核心是管理引导预期。但说发挥作用需要央行对经济形势有正确判断,需要建立央行的信任度、自信和权威。由于政策传导中介质和受体的不同质,因此目前说更多的是一门艺术。     

Bank Liability Structure,FDIC Loss,and Time to Failure: A Quantile Regression Approach

Deposit insurers are particularly concerned about high-cost failures. When the factors driving such failures differ systematically from the determinants of low- and moderate-cost failures, a new estimation technique is required. Using a sample of more than 1,000 bank failures in the U.S. between 1984 and 2003, I present a quantile regression approach that illustrates the sensitivity of the dollar value of losses in different quantiles to my explanatory variables. These findings suggest that reliance on standard econometric techniques results in misleading inferences, and that losses are not homogeneously driven by the same factors across the quantiles. I also find that liability composition affects time to failure.

宏观调控中的财政货币政策搭配

财政政策与货币政策无论是在微观经济领域还是在宏观经济领域都相互影响、相互制约。作为现代宏观经济管理中的核心政策,实现两者的最佳配置并使其具有科学性、系统性和针对性,对于实现我国经济目标和促进经济的健康发展具有重要意义。     

Monetary Policy and Inflation in the 70s

An influential paper by Clarida, Galí, and Gertler (2000) has attributed the great inflation of the 1970s to the violation of the Taylor principle in the conduct of U.S. monetary policy (weak, indeterminacy inducing response to expected inflation). We evaluate this thesis in the context of a standard New Keynesian model against a version of the model that incorporates incomplete information learning about the true state of the economy. The likelihood‐based estimation of the model overwhelmingly favors the specification with indeterminacy over the alternatives with determinacy, independent of the presence and size of misperceptions.     

开放经济下中国货币政策独立性分析——兼论通货膨胀

开放经济下,中国货币供应量受制于外汇储备使货币政策丧失独立性。双顺差积聚起的巨额外汇储备是影响中国货币政策独立性的主要因素,通货膨胀也与货币政策的内生有关。应该改善一直以来实施的强制结售汇制度为意愿结售汇制度,加速利率市场化进程,尽快打通货币市场利率与金融机构存贷款利率的传导渠道,提高货币政策的效率,才能从根本上避免长期使用外汇冲销干预带来的各种政策弊端和机制扭曲。     

关于资产价格与货币政策问题的一些思考

在全球金融危机的大背景下,货币政策是否应该对资产价格膨胀作出反应引起关注。本文对相关理论进行了归纳,并从通货膨胀机理的角度对资产价格与货币政策的关系进行了探讨,提出了建立和完善更加关注资产价格的货币政策框架的建议。     

资产证券化对我国货币政策的影响初探

资产证券化作为一项重要的金融创新,其广泛开展将对金融市场微观主体、金融市场结构,以及宏观经济产生深刻的影响.本文就资产证券化对货币政策可能产生的潜在影响进行初步探讨,认为资产证券化通过银行信贷和利率渠道削弱了货币政策的效力,并且将使中央银行对货币供给量的控制难度加大,中央银行继续以货币供应量作为货币政策中介目标将受到越来越大的挑战.     

从紧货币政策下的区域经济发展：青海案例

本文深入分析了西部经济欠发达地区——青海省十五以来经济发展的特点和主要矛盾,针对货币政策由稳健转入从紧,提出了相关应对措施。     

货币政策透明度的理论基础与实践分析

近年来，各国中央银行为了提高货币政策的有效性，都在致力于增强货币政策透明度。而理性预期、信息不对称和货币政策动态不一致构成了货币政策透明度的理论基础。我国货币政策透明度近年来有所提高，但仍然存在一些问题，需要采取相关措施加以改善。     

基于ERPT效应的我国货币政策与汇率政策协调性研究

通过ARDL模型对我国名义有效汇率对物价水平的ERPT效应进行了测度,发现现阶段我国货币政策与汇率政策各自都较合乎情理,但是二者并没有达成一种相互协调的整体。在目前ERPT效应相对较低（货币政策的稳定情况影响效应的大小）和支出转换效应效果不明显的现实情况下,保证货币政策稳健、及时、有效,并对货币供给的自主控制将成为我国央行的首要目标,而适度的放开名义汇率的浮动范围将成为实现这一目标的有效途径。     

从通货膨胀目标制看货币政策透明度建设

近年来，通货膨胀目标制已成为一种新的货币政策框架，而通货膨胀目标制的显著优点在于能通过增强货币政策的透明度，提高政策的可信度，进而提高货币政策的有效性。提高货币政策的透明度正在成为一种国际趋势。因此．本文通过借鉴实施通货膨胀目标制的西方发达国家的成功经验，探讨我国应如何加强货币政策透明度的建设，提高货币政策有效性。     

我国财政政策和货币政策相互作用的实证研究——基于政策在价格决定中的作用

本文选取1980～2009年度数据为样本,利用MS-VAR模型检验我国财政政策和货币政策在价格决定中的作用区制。实证结果表明,在1980～1997年间,价格为货币政策主导区制;之后为财政政策主导区制。为检验该结果的稳健性,本文分别对李嘉图等式和财富效应进行分样本区间的实证分析。最后,本文选取1996～2010年的月度数据,利用MS-OLS模型检验财政政策和货币政策与价格的关系,发现我国互补的宏观经济政策在稳定物价上是有效的。     

Monetary Policy and the Natural Rate of Interest

It is most important for monetary policy to track the natural rate of interest when interest rates take large and sustained swings away from their long‐run equilibrium values. Here, we study two models: a standard New Keynesian model and one in which government bonds provide liquidity. Policy rules that cannot track the natural rate perform poorly in both models, but are especially bad in the second because of sustained movements in the natural rate induced by fiscal shocks. First difference rules, on the other hand, do surprisingly well. When model uncertainty is taken into account, the dominance of the first difference rule is even more pronounced.