新昆明:2000亿打造“东方日内瓦“

彩云之南,滇池之畔,座落着美丽的昆明.昆明是云南省省会,辖5区1市8县,面积2.1万平方公里,人口488万,是我国重要的旅游商贸城市.这里蒙上苍所赐,得天独厚,年平均气温15.1℃,无霜期227天,年平均降水1035毫米,终年群山常绿,四时花开不断,被誉为"春城".     

Twenty-Ninth International Atlantic Economic Conference March 17–23, 1990 Geneva

Twenty-Ninth International Atlantic Economic Conference March 17–23, 1990 Geneva     

Long-term changes in social mortality differentials, Geneva, 1625–2004

In this paper we argue that in order to test competing hypotheses on the emergence of social mortality differentials, one has to adopt a long-term perspective. Studying social inequality in mortality in Geneva from 1625 to 2005, we use historical mortality data published by different authors and contemporary data drawn from an ongoing research project. The comparison over four centuries gives evidence to both the constancy and convergence hypotheses. Mortality is systematically lower-than-average among elites on the one hand, but on the other hand the difference between the top and the bottom of the social ladder is decreasing over time.     

论非传统安全研究的理论架构

区别于传统安全研究的思考方式,非传统安全研究的理论框架构建于国际安全研究、国际关系研究和其他学科研究相互关联问题领域的基础之上。作者着重分析了各类国际安全研究必然涉及的、且能对传统安全研究与非传统安全研究做出区分的五个基本问题,并从不同研究视角对国际安全研究做了时间上的排序分析。在分析了国际安全研究领域中安全的指涉对象、安全问题驱动的内/外维度、安全的领域、安全政治的观点和安全研究的认识论与方法论这五个基本问题后,作者论述了大国政治、技术发展、关键事件、学术争论和制度化这五种驱动力对国际安全研究的关键作用,并探究了这些因素何时以及如何在传统安全研究与非传统安全研究的分化中发挥作用。     

Urban mortality in Greece: Hermoupolis (1859–1940)

The paper examines mortality patterns in the city of Hermoupolis, on the Greek island of Syros, from 1859 to 1940. It produces important new insights into Mediterranean urban historical demography and is the first comprehensive study of urban mortality in Greece, utilising the largest and one of the longest time series at the individual level yet calculated from civil registration and census data. Abridged life tables were constructed for the first time for a Greek urban settlement, enabling the calculation of age-specific mortality rates and life expectancies. Hermoupolis experienced much higher mortality levels than the national average. The findings suggest that early childhood mortality started to decline rapidly from the late nineteenth century onwards, with declines in early adulthood and infancy following. The paper reinforces and confirms our limited knowledge about the timing of the mortality transition in Greece. It proposes that an urban penalty was clearly operating in the country even during the early twentieth century. Finally, this paper suggests that a combination of factors was responsible for the mortality decline in Hermoupolis, including wider access to water, which even when it was not clean enough to drink, nevertheless enabled improvements in personal hygiene among the residents of the city.