An economic interpretation of conflict in Burundi

This paper uses economic and political analyses to investigatethe economics of civil conflicts in Burundi. It shows that conflictsin Burundi have resulted from a combination of poverty, governancepolicies of exclusion and the fight for the control of the country'slimited resources. The public sector being the main source offinancial accumulation, Burundian bureaucracy is analysed indetail and is found to be a predatory bureaucracy which caresfor its own interests. In order to avoid the recurrence of warin the country, it is recommended that Burundians, with theassistance of other fellow Africans and the international community,first of all break the cycle predation-rebellion-repression.Secondly, the paper recommends that a solution be found to thecountry's endless problem of impunity whereby criminals responsiblefor some of the most horrendous crimes have never been prosecuted.The paper remarks that the challenge of bringing peace to Burundiis tall, but that the current mediator, former South AfricanPresident Nelson Mandela, is probably the best but last hopeBurundians can count on to enjoy a peaceful future.     

制造业信息化的必由之路——绿色制造

信息技术促使制造技术在发生质的飞跃,在制造业信息化的过程中,为尽可能地避免环境污染和提高资源的利用效率,绿色制造是趋势。它不但使社会健康地发展,而且使制造业赢得市场竞争优势,是人类社会可持续发展战略在制造业中的体现。     

‘Growing’ social protection in developing countries: Lessons from Brazil and South Africa

The rapid expansion of social protection in the South provides a rich diversity of experiences and lessons on how best to reduce poverty and ultimately eradicate it. Knowledge on how best to ‘grow’ social assistance, understood as long-term institutions responsible for reducing and preventing poverty, is at a premium. This article examines the expansion of social assistance in Brazil and South Africa, two of the middle income countries widely perceived to have advanced furthest in ‘growing’ social protection. It examines three aspects: the primacy of politics in explaining the expansion of social protection and assistance, the tensions between path-dependence and innovation in terms of institutions and practices, and the poverty and inequality outcomes of social assistance expansion. The article concludes by drawing the main lessons for other developing countries.     

中国信托业的市场结构演变

在中国信托业发展到仅次于银行业的资产规模第二的金融子行业之后,信托业成为全社会的关注重点,不仅仅是客户关心的服务机构,也是监管机构重点关注的金融产业,资产安全、兑付压力的争议屡见报端,孰是孰非一时难有定论。规模大幅增长的信托业内在结构有何演变规律,支撑行业高速发展的除了外生的融资需求飙升之外有无其内在逻辑?通过结构化的分析可以为监管机构和客户进一步明确信托业的价值和地位。     

Basic needs: The case of Sri Lanka

This article has two related objectives: to judge Sri Lanka's success in meeting its ‘basic needs’ and growth objectives, and to use Sri Lanka's experience to cast light on general hypotheses regarding basic needs. The analysis suggests that Sri Lanka's social expenditures had a substantial cost in growth and unemployment. However, largely because of these social programmes, it has the best social indicators, compared to its income, of any country for which data are available. Its growth has, surprisingly, been above average for low-income countries. Implications for basic-needs programmes include the need to ‘target’ social programmes, the high priority of primary education and the potential high impact, but also high costs, of assuring minimum caloric intakes.     

科技发展在构建社会主义和谐社会中的现实价值

科学技术的发展带来了生产力的飞速发展,带来了生产关系的深刻变革,造成了社会结构的深层次变化,致使各种利益矛盾冲突摩擦凸显,对和谐社会的构建造成极大的威胁。社会主义和谐社会的构建依赖政府有效地解决冲突的良性运行机制。现代科学技术的发展必将为社会主义和谐社会的构建作出积极的贡献。     

Migration,marriage and social mobility: Women in Sweden 1880–1900

We study the intergenerational social mobility of women by looking at how migration was associated with socioeconomic marriage mobility using complete-count census data for Sweden. The censuses 1880–1900 have been linked at the individual level, enabling us to follow almost 100,000 women from their parental home to their new marital household. Marriage market imbalances were not an important push factor for migration but we find a strong association between migration distance and marriage outcomes, both in terms of overall marriage probabilities and in terms of partner selection by SES. These results highlight the importance of migration for women's intergenerational social mobility during industrialization.     

儒家思想与中国传统社会法治的缺失

几千年来,儒家思想一直牢牢占据中国主流意识地位,成为人们行为规范和组织社会的思想渊源.特别是在社会调控方面,既是人们思想行为之基础,又是社会组织之依据.思想控制与组织体系的相辅相成,组成有效的社会调控网络.正是由于儒家思想及相应非正式社会调控的有效运行所形成的对社会的有效规制,导致了正式外在调控或制度化调控产生必要性的丧失,也即法治的缺失.     

从政府责任角度谈社会保障税的开征

本文分别从税费理论和各国的社会保障税或费的制度实践对社会保障税费进行比较分析,认为社会保障税并没有严格优于社会保障费。就筹资手段而言,无论名税还是费,其实质都是相似的。在我国,社会保障费改税更多的是一种手段,旨在提高社会统筹层次,提高社保资金的利用效率,更深层的原因是更加突出了政府在社会保障中的责任。社保税的开征将使得政府的责任显性化,但即使改征社保税也仅限于社会统筹资金部分。     

谈我国企业安全文化建设——杜邦公司安全文化建设的启示

安全文化问题伴随社会始终。我国企业安全生产形势依然严峻,在安全管理由传统管理手段向依靠科技进步和不断提高员工安全文化素质的现代化安全管理手段转变过程中,以先进的安全文化做指导,找到本质与根源,才能够建立起真正现代化的安全管理模式。本文将从国际企业杜邦公司的安全文化建设为切入点,希望就安全文化建设问题给我国企业些许启发。     

方言是一包什么药——读《重庆人绝不拉稀摆带》有感

方言是一包药,可解躁,解乏,还能去体病,心病,为何?因为方言里藏了无穷的机巧,人情世故,懂了,江湖无非是快意恩仇,不懂的,就当听个笑话,事后想起来,还能余味无穷。对方言的辑录、探究,古已有之。早有西汉时期四川人杨雄的《方言》,后有当下林林总总的方言图册。不过,我觉得,《重庆人绝不拉稀摆带》更有特点。为重庆方言追根溯源,从《红楼梦》《金瓶梅》里找出处,在《水浒传》《三侠五义》中觅踪影,读来,陡增趣见博识,更加热恋一方风土对古汉语的继承。     

Featherbedding—An easy second best problem

Conclusions The difficulties of second best, as propounded by Lipsey and Lancaster and reasserted by Allingham and Archibald, derive from the allegation that associated with second best optima are necessary conditions that require the violation of necessary first best conditions and which cannot be satisfied by known market forms or decentralized management rules. Specifically, it is alleged that for second best no “solutions” analogous to perfect competition and marginal cost pricing exist. In this paper it has been demonstrated that second best difficulties are not quite as universal as Allingham and Archibald suppose. We have seen that featherbedding contracts give rise to genuine second best situations but that the associated problems are easily solved. If a production unit grants a featherbedding contract but otherwise acts as a price taking profit maximizer, in terms of Paretian criteria (assuming no difficulties at the second order level) no policy action is called for unless society is willing to outlaw the featherbedding contract. Otherwise, the appropriate management rule is simply “behave as a price taking profit maximizer” where this behavior is clearly specified in (28) above and analogous to marginal cost pricing in the first best case.     

我国社区学院发展机制研究

社区学院发展机制既是社区学院持续健康发展的重要保证,又是提高社区学院社会服务能力和品牌影响力的重要策略。文章梳理了我国社区学院发展现状与问题,围绕建设学习型社会的目标与社区学院发展的定位,基于政府宏观引导、社区具体推动、社会团体积极参与、企业倾力支持和学院自主建设的社区学院发展"五元驱动"思路,从定位、管理、教学等方面设计运行机制和从立法、评估、经费等方面设计保障机制。     

Evaluating social protection programs in Tajikistan

At independence, Tajikistan inherited an extensive social protection system that included a range of cash and non-cash benefits. While the economy is well into its transition from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy, its social welfare policies still adhere to the methods and approaches of the Soviet period. This is true for social protection, which has both social insurance and social assistance components, and for which benefits are effectively non-contributory in nature in that no contributions are collected from employees. In this paper, we examine the performance of the country's social protection system—essentially public transfers for the elderly and disabled—in terms of reducing poverty, with the aim of identifying its key problems. Since the government provides such public transfers mainly as pensions (i.e., old-age pension, disabled pension, and survivors pension), it merits an in-depth analysis of whether or not these transfer programs reach the intended beneficiaries; that is, how well do they target the intended beneficiaries? Using data from the Living Standards Measurement Survey conducted in 2007, we find that only 43% of poor households are receiving transfers from the government, while 33% of non-poor households receive transfers. This study argues for applying a targeted approach to public transfer programs, including non-contributory pension schemes aimed at the most vulnerable populations.     

谈良好的职业道德和职场环境

职业道德在一个人的职业发展中至关重要。直白地说它就是一个人的职业良心。良心是绝对不可以出问题的,良心如果出了问题,祸患无穷。良好的职业道德离不开良好的职业教育。职业道德教育是一项长期工作,它存在于人生的不同发展阶段,不是一朝一夕可完成的工作。     

提升消费性需求:负责任的股市与它的实现条件

金融危机使得出口陷入了极大的困境,依赖投资拉动亦非持久之计,解困的最佳途径应该是提升消费性需求。股市作为国民经济中的"大腕",面对这一特殊时期,社会责任使它无法置之度外。认识股市市场的愿景,并从市场化机制着手改造股市本身,摈弃排队的上市模式是落实这一责任的条件。如果能让价廉物美的股票流通于市,最终将产生消费性需求较大幅度提升的效果。     

地方高校区域经济社会服务体系的构建研究

地方高校作为思想源和创新基地,可以为所在区域提供源源不断的知识供给、智力支持和人才支撑,是推动区域经济社会发展的重要力量;同时具有鲜明特色的区域经济体为地方高校特有的学术环境、科研氛围的形成和特色学科的发展创造了有利的条件。文章首次提出了＂基于协同式学习的地方高校区域经济社会服务体系＂的综合概念,对其内涵实质系统地进行了研究和实证分析,并就此提出地方高校推动区域经济社会发展的相关措施和建议。     

技术进步、效率增进对我国出口贸易结构影响机制研究——基于技术含量角度的实证分析

本文利用引入交互项的方法,将技术进步和效率增进及其引发的规模经济和要素重置效应引入统一的研究框架,重点考察了技术进步和效率增进对不同技术附加值制造业行业出口贸易结构的影响及影响机制,并对行业技术结构的适宜性进行评价。结果显示,技术和效率在出口中的作用已明显超越要素投入,结构升级路径得到优化。中、高技术附加值行业的技术进步与效率增进贡献之间存在显著差距,说明技术进步与要素禀赋不相适应,出口未能实现最佳技术结构。技术进步和效率增进通过规模经济和要素重置效应对各行业出口的影响十分微弱。     

西藏乡村振兴的历史逻辑、战略逻辑与实践逻辑分析

党的十九大郑重部署了实施乡村振兴战略的历史任务,中央第七次西藏工作座谈会又对西藏实施乡村振兴提出了最新要求,明确推动西藏经济社会高质量发展,最重要的是巩固脱贫攻坚成果,做好与实施乡村振兴的有机衔接。西藏实施乡村振兴战略延续了自身发展农牧业与农牧区的历史逻辑,是西藏自身农牧业发展战略与国家整体乡村振兴战略的深度融合,表现出鲜明的西藏特色和问题导向。在实践逻辑上,西藏既按照党和国家关于乡村振兴战略总目标进行部署,又根据自身形势任务、机遇挑战,展开西藏“特色”乡村振兴实践。     

当代大学生党员社会主义核心价值观培育路径探析

加强当代大学生党员社会主义核心价值观教育,不仅对学生党员的全面发展有着积极的作用,而且对引领当代大学生社会思潮和凝聚社会共识具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.本文从现状、问题、必要性和紧迫性着手,进行深度解剖,提出了进一步加强当代大学生党员社会主义核心价值观教育的路径.