输油管的布置数学建模

本文主要采用数形结合的方法讨论了输油管线建设的单目标优化问题。以总的管线建设费用最小为目标,以两炼油厂到铁路线距离、两炼油厂间距离,共用管线与非共用管线的建设费用、长度和管线节点取址等为约束条件,为输油管线的建设和车站的选址建立了一般化的框架模型。为方便模型求得解析解,只针对非共用管线的费用相同的情形进行探讨,应用几何知识缩小搜索域并进行降维分析,采用Matlab求导工具箱,求得该情况下所有满足条件的最优方案。     

现代化工业厂房机电管线的综合布置

机电管线的综合布置控制解决了各系统管线之间布置距离不合理而造成的施工安装和设备调试的困难,检修维修空间:避免了发生管线故障时花费大量的时间和人工进行恢复,在多个工业厂房的实际施工运用中取得了良好的效果.     

浅谈居住小区室外工程管线综合工作

随着社会的不断发展和我国城市建设水平的不断提高,城市小区居民对小区服务功能的要求也越来越高,包括小区的供排水、供电、供气等各种基础设施。小区内常见的管线有给水、污水、雨水、强电、弱电、燃气、热力等,各类管线在走向、平面布线、竖向高度上均有相应的规范要求。由于管线一般沿道路布置,而小区道路的地下和地上能够通行管线的空间是有限的,如果各专业不综合考虑的话,势必产生不同管线的相互交叉碰撞、相互阻碍、相互制约,给规划、设计、监理、施工等造成诸多困难和不便。工程管线综合管理就是为了合理地安排各管线的平面位置和竖向高度,确定管线之间、管线与建筑物之间的距离,解决工程管线建设工作中的矛盾和干扰,为各工程     

超长距离小口径顶管施工方法及要点分析

超长距离小口径顶管施工方法在使用的过程中存在很多的优点,这些优点的存在很大程度上提升了施工的质量,对施工单位来说,超长距离小口径顶管施工方法非常重要。文章介绍了超长距离小口径顶管施工方法的相关问题,希望这项技术的使用能给管线施工带来很大的改善。     

地铁车站基坑开挖对燃气管线技术保护措施

福州地铁5号线吴山站地层为淤泥、黏性土等不良地质,距离基坑边DN500次高压燃气管线在基坑开挖出现沉降,存在重大安全隐患,需对管线采取悬吊保护措施,通过监测数据表明,措施能够满足施工需要,保证施工的顺利进行。     

工程建设项目中的分类采购策略及供应商管理

工程建设项目中往往涉及多种物资,其需求量、价值、重要性不尽相同,在进行采购管理时需根据物资种类不同而采取不同的采购策略和供应商管理策略。本文以油气管线建设项目为例,分析了工程建设项目中不同物资的分类采购策略     

关于非金属管线探测方法研究

为了促进城市统一发展地下空间的规划建设,应该对城市地下管线进行科学规划并准确定位,考虑地下管线材质大多是非金属材质,而这种非金属管线的材质既不导磁又不导电,个别管道根本无法实现正常金属探测仪作业,因此文章就对其非金属管线分析了系统的探测研究方法,并结合几种经常使用的非金属管线进行逐一分析,简要提出几种探测原理及工作方法,分别阐述了每种技术方法对应检测的地下管道探测管线情况,在实践过程中不断改进探测器的优缺点,通过实践研究结合不同的地下管线匹配不同的非金属材质管线,从而不断提升非金属管道探测的科学管理应用方法。     

多层系原油合采集输及配套工艺技术

油田在进行多层系合采时,因为注水、集输系统非常容易结垢,水质配伍性存在很大的差异,产出液的组成比较复杂,因此很容易产生地面系统加热炉、泵、管线堵塞,生产系统承受高压力,集输系统运行受阻的问题。通过分析不同层位采出水的离子组成,可以发现地层水中含有两种或两种以上的不相容离子进行混合,就很容易产生沉淀的液体,这样就会造成管线结垢。为了避免不相容地层水进行混合,对不同层位油品的配伍性进行了确定。配伍性不好,容易结垢的层系要选择分层集输系统,输送按照双流程顺序,回注系统及污水处理选择分层处理、分层注水、污清水分段的流程。配伍性好的层系,要选择合层集输的技术系统。     

多层系原油合采集输及配套工艺技术

油田在进行多层系合采时,因为注水、集输系统非常容易结垢,水质配伍性存在很大的差异,产出液的组成比较复杂,因此很容易产生地面系统加热炉、泵、管线堵塞,生产系统承受高压力,集输系统运行受阻的问题。通过分析不同层位采出水的离子组成,可以发现地层水中含有两种或两种以上的不相容离子进行混合,就很容易产生沉淀的液体,这样就会造成管线结垢。为了避免不相容地层水进行混合,对不同层位油品的配伍性进行了确定。配伍性不好,容易结垢的层系要选择分层集输系统,输送按照双流程顺序,回注系统及污水处理选择分层处理、分层注水、污清水分段的流程。配伍性好的层系,要选择合层集输的技术系统。     

谈建筑小区给排水工程管线综合

小区工程管线是城市工程管线的缩影,具有管线类别多、专业性强,不同类别的管线通常由不同专业、不同部门规划、设计、施工、管理的特点。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。