关于自创商誉确认和计量的思考

<正>在知识经济时代,企业资产已从有形化向无形化发展,而无形资产中未确认的自创商誉占资产的比例也越来越大,对自创商誉进行确认和计量已成为无形资产会计发展的必然。而会计实务中对自创商誉的确认和计量问题仍处于混乱状态,本文从自创商誉的概念及本质出发,对其确认、计量和披露等会计处理提出一些建议。     

我国企业数据资产会计研究

信息技术时代,数据已成为企业新的生产要素,是打造企业核心竞争力的资源。将数据作为企业的资产进行核算与管理已是大势所趋。从财务角度实现数据资产有效管理,必须对与数据资产相关的诸如确认、计量、列报以及披露等亟待研究与解决的会计处理问题进行系统剖析。本文基于《企业会计准则》相关规定,对数据资产会计处理进行研究,通过系统探讨数字与数据的区别,数据资产的定义、分类,价值创造流程,确认、计量、列报及披露,提出数据资产应根据其为企业不同的价值创造方式,分别采用存货类别及无形资产类别进行确认。数据资产在当前阶段宜根据历史成本进行计量,宜根据重要性原则进行列报与披露。     

对我国无形资产会计确认分析研究

无形资产价值确认是将与无形资产有关的事项作为会计要素予以确定的会计处理过程,通过确认过程来判断无形资产的各项支出是否计量,何种要素计量以及何时计量等问题。探讨我国无形资产的确认问题,使尽可能多的符合无形资产定义与特征的资产纳入企业的会计核算系统,对防止资产流失,提高无形资产的整体营运效果具有重要意义。     

对无形资产会计确认的研究与探讨

无形资产价值确认是将与无形资产有关的事项作为会计要素予以确定的会计处理过程,通过确认过程来判断无形资产的各项支出是否计量,何种要素计量以及何时计量等问题.探讨我国无形资产的确认问题,使尽可能多的符合无形资产定义与特征的资产纳入企业的会计核算系统,对防止资产流失,提高无形资产的整体营运效果具有重要意义.     

论环境会计核算中的环境资产确认问题

环境资产是环境会计的一个重要会计要素,对环境资产的确认是研究其计量、记录与报告的基础。本文在依照会计确认标准对环境资产和环境成本的内涵进行研究的基础之上,提出只有符合资产确认标准而被资本化的环境成本才构成环境资产的主张,并围绕其相关问题进行了讨论。     

关于服务性资产或负债的确认和计量问题的思考

随着金融工具的不断创新,金融服务范围不断拓展,由此形成的服务性资产或负债的确认和计量也受到越来越多的关注。《关于服务性资产或负债的确认和计量问题的思考》一文,首先对服务性资产或负债进行了定义,之后按照其公允价值是否可获得,分别说明了国际会计准则、美国会计准则和我国会计准则对其确认和计量的相同和不同之处,并结合具体案例加以分析,对我国新会计准则的实施具有一定的参考意义。     

企业资产减值准备的会计处理分析

减值准备是根据会计核算的谨慎性原则而对企业资产价值可能或已经发生的减损进行确认计提的数额,正确核算坏账准备是保证企业资产不被高估的必要条件,新会计准则对企业资产减值的确认、计量及减值准备的计提、转回进行了详细明确的规定。本文对资产减值准备的会计处理问题进行了分析。     

河道水资源资产确认及计量模型研究

为了实现水资源资产负债表的编制及生态环境的可持续发展,在对水资源概念分析基础上,界定了水资源资产及潜在水资源资产的内涵,分析了水资源资产具有与水资源的交互循环性、多功能性及非消耗性、重复利用性、随机不确定性以及数量与水资源开发目标有关等特点;在提出河道水资源资产的确认条件及计量假设的基础上,根据水资源资产的概念构建了基于使用及供水过程的河道水资源资产计量模型,并分析了其约束条件。这一成果为完善水资源资产核算理论体系、提高我国水资源资产化管理水平以及绿色发展水平提供重要基础。     

关于资产减值问题的思考

新准则在借鉴国际会计准则有关资产减值的内容的基础上,充分考虑我国的国情,将“资产减值准备”作为一个单独的会计准则进行列示,完整给出了资产减值损失的计提时间与计量方法,明确规范了资产减值迹象的判断、确认、计量与披露等具体问题,但仍然存在几点值得思考的问题。     

也谈资产减值

按照财政部的要求,我公司于2007年1月1日起执行新会计准则体系。本文对《企业会计准则第8号——资产减值》准则产生的背景、资产减值的确认与计量、资产减值准则的作用等进行了阐述,并重点对资产减值的确认与计量进行了较详细地分析。旨在使资产减值会计能够为会计报表信息的真实性更好地服务。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.