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严若森 《经济社会体制比较》2008,(3):109-113
本文基于既有相关研究,对转轨经济中的国有企业重构进行了一个新的理论解析,指出转轨经济中的国有企业重构是民营化、治理演进与制度互补三者之间的整合,其实质是一种基于民营化与制度互补的国有企业治理重构。本文籍此就中国经济转轨中的国有企业重构及其治理文化的适应性重塑进行了探讨,并提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
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This article discusses how the transition from a planned towards a market-based economy has affected the Russian fishing industry. It is based on a series of studies of the Northwest Russian fishing industry, where evidence from its past role and functioning is contrasted with the current situation. The conceptual perspective drawn on is institutional theory, with a focus on higher-order institutions. One of the main findings is that the fishing companies stand out as the only surviving party in the game. The losers are the land-based fish processing industry, the mother ship and transport fleet, and the support structures, which depend on the activities generated by the prime production (fishing). It is argued that the new institutional arrangements necessarily force a new adaptation among the fishing companies, and suggested that some of the changes of the higher-order institutions have been less successful than initially assumed, as there still are several adverse elements in the Russian institutional arrangements that hinder further transition toward a marketbased economy. 相似文献
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资源型城市的产业转型是其可持续发展的关键问题,在转型过程中,如何再造区域经济优势是面临的一个重要问题。文章针对我国资源型城市的实际,提出了再造资源型城市区域竞争优势的措施和建议。 相似文献
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Calin Valsan 《Post - Communist Economies》2013,25(1):121-128
This article analyses the restructuring of newly privatised Romanian firms by focusing on three microeconomic variables. Changes in the number of personnel, the volume of fixed assets and the level of research and development are analysed in connection with measures of ownership structure and concentration. Overall, the evidence presented suggests that institutional (possibly foreign) outside stakeholders are more likely to foster restructuring and increase the likelihood of survival of newly privatised firms in Eastern Europe. 相似文献
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Cornia Giovanni Andrea Popov Vladimir 《MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies》1998,8(1):7-32
MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies - 相似文献
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Restructuring the monopolistic, state-owned, obsolete and polluting utility industries of post-socialist economies poses a challenge for the utility deregulation wave travelling around the world. Utility restructuring in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region is unique from several perspectives, including the domination of foreign capital vs. national resources as the only feasible vehicle for a drastic change in the industry and the ambitious goals of harmonisation with the EU liberalisation schedule to accelerate accession. It is also widely expected that deregulation will help bring down world-record high energy intensities in these economies. Hungary has been the pioneer among economies in transition in unbundling, deregulating and privatising the utility industries and taking the first steps towards EU-conforming market liberalisation within less than half a decade. The first stages of privatisation and restructuring have been declared a success story in the Western media. However, what is a success story from a foreign perspective may be seen differently from other viewpoints. The article describes the process of utility restructuring in Hungary and examines its impact from the economic, environmental and policy perspectives. The article also compares the pioneer Hungarian deregulation with other CEE countries' restructuring of their energy sectors. However, the lessons to be learned from the Hungarian electricity industry restructuring are not only vital for other economies in transition but are often universally applicable. 相似文献
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Montes-Negret Fernando Papi Luca 《MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies》1997,7(1):79-104
MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies - 相似文献
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企业信用重构与会计信息失真治理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
信用系统理论指出信用是建立在系统信任之上的一种有条件的期待性承诺。会计信息是企业经营活动情况的表征,是由专业人员依据会计准则和严格的统一格式做成的会计报表反映的经济信息,是企业信用建构的信任系统。企业会计信息真实、准确、公允、正当是企业信用信任系统;信任系统是信用的基石;因此,会计信息是企业信用重构基础。 相似文献
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The appearance of significant non-monetary trade in the Russian transition of 1992-98 has been differently interpreted by analysts and observers. Some have seen barter as a symbol of passive resistance to reforms while others have blamed reformist policies for its development. We argue that non-monetary trade is best understood as a natural response of companies to market imperfections remaining from Soviet times. We provide an overview of market institutions that existed at the onset of the transition and conclude that market infrastructure was under-developed (especially trade and finance-related institutions). This fact became obvious after the liberalisation of trade in 1992. When the Central Bank of Russia stopped issuing direct credit to enterprises, newly established commercial banks were unable to fill the gap. Firms had to develop alternative means of financing trade and non-monetary trade was one of them. In our opinion barter, while an inefficient mode of trade, also played a positive role in the transition. Its high transaction costs offered ample opportunities to earn profits from trade and financial intermediation. The latter mushroomed as a result and at the time of the 1998 default the Russian economy had sufficiently developed trade, financial and legal systems to afford a switch from barter to money trade. 相似文献
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郭艳茹 《经济社会体制比较》2007,(3):39-44
在制度变迁理论中,存在着两种不同的观点,制度决定论和增长决定论.由这两种观点可以导出转型国家两种不同的发展路径,宪政优先或者增长优先.本文指出,经济增长和制度变迁通过改变社会权力结构来共同实现制度结构的提升和社会的长期发展,它们是互动的,而不是对立的.中国当代的转轨之路应该立足于渐进式增长中的社会权力结构调整.自由市场制度、义务教育制度和社会保障制度都具有权力再分配的功能,对于社会权力结构的调整起着重要的作用,应该成为中国渐进式改革中制度建设的首要选择. 相似文献
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俄罗斯银行业在转轨中的发展与调整 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
徐向梅 《经济社会体制比较》2004,(4):54-60
本文描述了1990年代以来俄罗斯向市场经济迈进过程中银行体系的发展情况,分析了俄罗斯银行业在宏观经济衰退过程中发展扩张的原因,阐述了银行业在危机中调整的政策。 相似文献
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Foreign direct investment is at the forefront of economic policy decisions in Central Europe, as it is expected to accelerate enterprise restructuring and aid in the successful transition to a market economy. This paper contains a panel data study of the effects of FDI in 11 different manufacturing sectors within three Central European economies: Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. We find evidence that FDI has increased labour productivity levels in most manufacturing sectors. We are able to differentiate between sectors with a high elasticity of substitution between labour and capital and those that are inelastic. We have also presented evidence to support the theory that the impact on labour productivity is predominantly due to the intangible assets introduced by foreign firms, rather than simply the fixed capital investment associated with FDI. 相似文献
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影响中国电子行业出口决定因素的经验分析 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
本文利用中国电子工业子行业面板数据实证分析1999—2002年期间该行业出口的决定因素,特别是外商直接投资(FDI)的作用。我们发现FDI尤其是来自港澳台的FDI和规模经济对出口有正向作用。我们同时发现国有资本份额与出口负向相关,而资本密集度、研发和人力资本并不是影响中国电子行业出口的重要因素,表明中国的电子企业大多仍处于国际产品分工链的低端。本文有两个原创性贡献:第一是区分不同国别(地区)FDI对中国电子产品出口影响的差异,并发现港澳台地区资本较西方国家资本对中国电子产品出口影响更大;第二是发现劳动力成本水平因素影响FDI对出口作用程度的大小。这些结果具有重要的政策涵义。 相似文献
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The article is devoted to the new phenomena in the market transformation of the Russian defence-industrial complex. Based on the data generated by the repeated survey of the CEOs (general directors) of defence enterprises in 1995‐99, it examines economic performance of enterprises, their conflicts with the government and efforts at internal restructuring brought about by reductions of Russia's defence spending, mass privatisation and opening up of the domestic market. We found that despite the dramatic reduction in defence orders, inconsistent government policies and extremely unfavourable macroeconomic environment, the Russian defence industry has made significant progress in its adjustment to the market. Even before the devaluation of the ruble in the autumn of 1998 economic performance of defence enterprises had been gradually improving; it entered a virtual boom since then. Contrary to widely held views, the painful experience of the 1990s has not made the top managers of the defence industry more hostile to reforms: at the end of the decade they were generally more supportive of the market than in 1995. 相似文献
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Marianne Paasi 《Economics of Transition》2000,8(1):175-195
The growth prospects of the Estonian economy depend on transforming the former 'socialist' industrial R&D into competitive business-sector innovation activities, establishing interactions between firms and other research units, and accelerating international diffusion. An additional task, specific for a transition country, is intensive utilization of the inherited human capital. The results of a business survey conducted in Tallinn in the summer of 1996 indicate that favourable restructuring of industrial R&D and the development of new innovation capacities are indeed taking place. The regression models indicate, however, that while the results seem to be mostly successful, some detailed support is needed. Firstly, further qualitative changes seem to be necessary in the state-owned and privatized electronics firms. And secondly, newly emerging firms need easier access to the capital market and management expertise. 相似文献
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鸦片战争以后,随着社会经济结构的近代性嬗变,中国的企业制度也发生了从传统形态向近代形态的转变,公司制度在经济转型的大背景下应运而生,从而开启了企业制度嬗变之路。但是中国近代企业制度的嬗变始终没有摆脱官办和官督商办的模式,在官僚资本集结和垄断国家财富的同时,民间资本的发展却受到遏制,而且民间企业的家族式企业组织模式也阻碍了企业的制度化进程,导致中国近代企业无法向具有更长远生命力和更合理制度规范的方向发展,凸现出近代中国资本主义的发展与不发展。 相似文献
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许波 《全球科技经济瞭望》2014,(10):39-44
随着我国与俄罗斯在合成橡胶领域的合作不断深入,俄罗斯合成橡胶工业发展状况受到业内人士的极大关注。2012年,俄罗斯合成橡胶总产量125.53万t,橡胶出口总量为89.2万t。近几年,俄罗斯IR、BR、SBR、NBR及IIR几大品种合成橡胶产量基本呈平稳态势。俄罗斯下卡姆斯克石化股份公司是世界上最大的IR生产企业;俄罗斯丁二烯资源丰富,可生产几乎所有类型的NBR品种;俄罗斯是我国IIR最主要的进口国之一,其IIR技术也是我国相关单位关注的焦点。期望对俄罗斯合成橡胶工业(包括生产企业、技术特点、产品牌号等)发展现状所做的研究和分析,对我国合成橡胶工业的发展有所借鉴。 相似文献