Local Government Modernization: UK and Comparative Analysis from an Organizational Perspective

This article analyses three strands of local government modernization. The first takes an overview of the development of 'modernization' and 'improvement' of local government in the UK under the Labour government since 1997 and the overall programme of reform. We discuss both the shifts and the continuities with the previous decade and a half of the 'new public management' of Conservative administrations. We examine the implicit assumptions about how to achieve organizational and cultural change, arguing that much modernization is premised on a mechanistic metaphor of organizational change. The second section of the article examines other metaphors and theories of organizational change, arguing for the need to consider institutional and organizational perspectives in analysing local government modernization. The third section of the article then applies some organizational concepts to the comparative analysis of local government modernization.     

论领导行为，组织学习、创新与绩效间影响的实证研究

本研究提出一理论架构,将组织学习与组织创新作为解释领导行为与组织绩效间关系的主要中介变量。运用经济理论、管理理论和问卷调查研究方法,以台湾新竹科学园区的信息电子产业作为实证研究的对象,有效分析样本厂商共112家。分别以基本叙述统计、信效度分析、因素分析与典型相关分析等方法来进行实证并验证本研究所提出之各项假设。主要发现为:整体而言,本研究整体理论模式配置符合可接受的适合度检定水准,表示本研究的理论架构可获得支持,故组织学习与组织创新作为领导行为与组织绩效间的影响关系确实存在着。     

Configurations of New Public Management reforms and the efficiency,effectiveness and equity of public healthcare systems: a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

ABSTRACT

Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis identifies configurations of New Public Management (NPM) reforms (privatization, consumerism, performance management, and corporatization) associated with perceptions of improvements in healthcare efficiency, effectiveness and equity in 14 European countries. Although these outcomes are pursued concurrently, no combination of the considered reforms appears to support success or failure across the board and the inter-relations between reforms shape their effects. Three NPM reform profiles are evident in Europe; (1) strong reformers, adopting a comprehensive package of reforms that are perceived to perform better than (2) partial reformers, with (3) limited reformers also doing better than partial reformers.     

空间资源紧缺下的城市密度演变与政策价值取向——以深圳市为例(2000年至2006年)

本文在2000年深圳市密度特征的基础上,分析了至2006年的全市密度总体演变趋势和结构(特区内外和用地类型)演变趋势.并进一步分析了在空间资源极度短缺的深圳市.城市密度政策受到多重价值取向的叠加影响,其表现出的实际结果往往更具政策参考价值.     

从目标规划到过程规划--城市规划的技术特征与政策特征

城市规划的功能正从作为城市未来空间构架向政策形成与实施工具的方向转变,城市规划的成果也逐渐由科学蓝图的形式向政策法规的形式转变,随着经济体制与政治体制改革的不断深入,政府对城市发展与建设的影响也逐渐由计划经济体制下的以目标引导为主转向市场体制下的以政策控制为主,在规划文本中,以对规划实施过程进行控制的强制性条文相对于以目标预测和蓝图描绘为主的引导性条文而言将显得越来越重要.本文从对城市规划的技术特征与政策特征两方面的深入分析,提出了城市规划工作由"目标规划"向"过程规划"转换的必要性与紧迫性.     

货币政策：从提高透明度到交流战略——原因、理论基础、争论和发展趋势

过去三十年,为了增强宏观政策的微观基础,货币政策从消除隐秘性、提高透明度、及时全面公开信息到向主动加强交流、研究市场反馈、管理预期和引导预期方向发展。即从中央银行被动披露过去既成数据、规则、一个声音说话到向公布央行内部对未来主要经济指标预测及分歧、延迟公布内部意见分歧方向发展。     

住房调控政策问题:质疑、解读与建议

在住房是商品的片面认识导引下,一次房改后住房体制陷入商保失调的另一个极端状态,导致房困问题难以破解并影响宏观经济可持续发展。针对于此,国字号住房调控政策密集出台,但由于未从住房两板块结构出发分类加以调控,某些层面的调控效果不尽人意,也由此受到质疑。本文对此进行解读并给出有关政策建议。     

国际货币政策协调:理论研究、实践进展及中国的选择

开放经济下一国货币政策会产生溢出效应,因此各国需要通过货币政策的国际协调来增进共同福利;目前,国际货币政策协调的实践已形成了几种重要的区域协调模式,并在解决国际经济事务中发挥关键作用;对于我国而言,在新一轮汇率制度改革后,也更加需要通过货币政策的国际协调来解决与其他国家或经济区的政策冲突。     

Geographical Information Systems, Spatial Analysis and Public Policy: the British Experience

Geographic information systems (GIS) have received considerable academic and practitioner attention in the last ten years. It is our view that these tools have been considerably oversold to public sector organisations-particularly local government-many of whom have failed to achieve the benefits they expected. In our paper, we attempt to develop a broad definition of GIS and discuss the relationship between GIS and policy analysis, spatial decision support systems, spatial analysis and spatial modelling. We also seek to explore how GIS fits into the management information systems and information architectures of public sector organisations and examine some of the human and organisational tensions which GIS adoption and use have brought about. Where possible, we have used examples of how GIS has been used to inform public development in several areas though these have generally been in academic settings and not in public sector organisations.     

我国房地产市场宏观调控的变迁特征与演化机理分析——基于2004—2010年的政策实践

全面梳理了2004—2010年我国房地产市场的宏观调控政策,从调控目标、调控手段、调控对象和调控环节四个方面进行了量化分析,揭示其变迁特征、演化机理和存在问题。实证分析表明我国房地产市场宏观调控的目标多元化,调控手段由经济手段为主、行政手段为辅向两者并重的趋势转化,调控对象重心由开发商逐渐转至购房者和地方政府,保有环节调控缺失。分析认为房地产市场未明确划分导致多元化目标相互矛盾,经济手段失灵和房地产立法不全导致过多依赖行政手段,现行土地制度是调控措施治标不治本的制度根源,政府治理制度是地方政府积极性不高的主要原因。提出未来完善房地产市场宏观调控的方向是区分公房市场和私房市场,形成不同调控方案,同时要为宏观调控提供良好的制度环境。     

货币政策地区效应——基于地区总供给曲线的理论与实证分析

本文着重检验了我国区域经济中的基于产出缺口的地区短期总供给曲线的存在性,进而分析地区短期总供给曲线对货币政策地区效应的影响。文章首先对地区短期总供给曲线存在的可能性进行了理论解释,应用卡尔曼滤波方法估算了我国各地区的产出缺口,然后运用ARMA模型说明预期通货膨胀率形成机制,最后以通货膨胀率与其预期之差、外部需求冲击等作为解释变量对产出缺口进行回归,结果发现,我国东部地区的短期总供给曲线较中西部地区的短期总供给曲线更平坦,因而东部地区货币政策效应要强于中西部地区。