入世十年,中国经济面临的机遇与挑战

入世十年来,中国经济发展面临机遇与挑战,从狼来了,到与狼共舞,中国适应经济发展全球化,国际经济技术竞争与合作的要求,履行世贸组织的承诺,十年来中国市场经济的发展获得了世界上许多国家的认可。然而,美国、欧盟等经济发达国家和经济体,却一直不肯承认中国完全市场经济地位,把中国列为非市场经济国家,这种为了保护自身的经济利益而采取的歧视性政策,对中国的对外经济贸易具有一定的影响。     

中国"市场经济地位"转折点突现

新西兰在西方发达国家中第一个承认中国市场经济地位,中国终于在获得梦寐以求的市场经济地位问题上取得突破。紧接着将是向欧盟、美国、日本发动进攻     

中国“市场经济地位”转折点突现

新西兰在西方发达国家中第一个承认中国市场经济地位，中国终于在获得梦寐以求的市场经济地位闯题上取得突破。紧接着将是向欧盟、美国、日本发动进攻     

环球速览

1默克尔:德国将促使欧盟承认中国市场经济地位德国总理默克尔6月28日表示,德国将继续努力,争取早日承认中国的完全市场经济地位,同时也将努力促使欧盟承认中国的完全市场经济地位。正在德国访问的中国总理温家宝当天与默克尔共同主持首轮中德政府磋商。磋商结束后,两国总理共同会见记者。默克尔表示,欧盟与中国的关系对德国而言也是非常重要的,德国将发挥自己的作用,继续改善和加强欧中关系。     

“以股抵债”是不是霸权股东?

<正>前段时间,关于美国、欧盟等西方列强是否给予我国市场经济地位的讨论在国内热烈非凡。当时为什么没有写这方面的文章,是因为笔者认为当前的中国尚不具备完全市场经济所具备的一些最基本的要素,中国当前最缺乏的是市场经济的核心地方如政府对经济的介入程度,政府对经济的干涉是否透明和非歧视,市场经     

国际贸易救济中我国非市场经济地位的困境与突围

非市场经济地位问题是外国对华贸易救济措施中的重大问题,已沦为贸易保护主义的重要工具.尽管已有八十多个国家承认中国的完全市场经济地位,但美欧等主要经济体则至今仍未承认.对非市场经济国家的总体界定,美国、欧盟等国家都有严格的标准.而对非市场经济国家出口企业的各类测试方法其标准愈发严格,方式更加隐蔽.在“后过渡期”,中国的市场经济地位并非不再重要,近年来频繁发生的“双反”调查以及美欧的立法变化已经预示着非市场经济规则可能借反补贴措施死灰复燃,中国应更加谨慎地应对未来可能发生的变化.     

从欧盟可能给予中国临时市场经济地位说起

今年7月18日，欧盟外长理事会就9月初即将在北京举行的第八届中欧首脑会晤的准备情况进行了讨论，会后据有关方面透露，欧盟有可能在此次首脑会晤前给予中国临时市场经济地位。 这是一个让人高兴的消息。如果中国获得市场经济地位，不仅会使中国企业在应诉欧盟反倾销调查方面获得突破性进展，而且能够为我们解决非市场经济问题提供一种思路。     

WTO新闻

IMF主席：全球经济增长“过度依靠”中国和美国；欧盟贸易委员：中国要获完全市场经济地位还须努力；世贸组织重启专家组，裁决欧美贸易纠纷     

"非市场经济地位"对中国的危害

2004年4月14日,新西兰第一个承认我国市场经济地位,一个月之后,新加坡也正式承认了我国的市场经济地位。5月30日,马来西亚又发表声明承认我国的市场经济地位。6月3日美国商务部就中国市场经济地位问题举行听证会,我国派代表团参加。6月28日欧盟也就中国的市场经济地位问题作出初步评估,拒绝给予我国市场经济地位。一时问,市场经济地位成为我国对外经济交往甚或外交的头等大事。     

东盟承认中国全面市场经济地位

本刊讯:据中国经营报报道,9月4日,印尼贸易和工业部部长里妮·苏万迪在雅加达举行的东盟和中日韩经济贸易部长会议结束后宣布,东盟十国已经正式承认中国的全面市场经济地位。相对于美国提出的“非市场经济国家”概念,这是中国第一次获得世界区域性合作组织对自己市场经济地位的认可。中国常驻世贸组织代表团一位法律事务官员曾撰文指出,解决“市场经济地位”问题应限制在反倾销领域,它对中国出口的影响有限。为此,有观察家认为,此次东盟承认中国全面市场经济地位,也更具“政治意义”。     

Climate game analyses for CO2 emission trading among various world organizations

This paper simulates the saving in terms of the total abatement cost of CO₂ emission reductions for different trading games reflecting the potential cooperation among organizations including the European Union (EU), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries, the Union of South American Nations (USAN), and the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC). A game approach is conducted to determine if the cooperation will come into existence among the organizations stated above. A similar idea is applied to the four largest emission countries, China, the United States, Russia, and India, as four individual players in the trading game.Joining the market is the strictly dominant strategy for any organization from the results. The Nash equilibrium shows that, regardless of the organizations that have already existed in the market, joining the market is always the best policy for the remaining organizations which are currently not in the market. Similarly, India likes the organization to which it belongs, i.e. IOR-ARC, to trade with the EU and APEC, and the U.S. wants the organization to which it belongs, i.e., APEC, to cooperate with the organizations USAN and IOR-ARC. However, China and Russia prefer trading with other countries within their own organizations.     

内幕交易监管：国际经验与中国启示

内幕交易违反了金融市场的公平原则,降低了资本市场的效率,但是由于其金融交易的特殊性,使得它在监管上存在一定的难度。本文在梳理内幕交易行为的理论基础、对内幕交易监管的争议进行讨论的基础上,从内幕人认定、内幕信息认定、内幕交易行为认定、防范措施以及法律制裁与救济等五个不同的维度对美国、日本、欧盟和我国的内幕交易法律制度进行比较分析,从而总结我国法律在内幕交易规制方面的不足,并相应地提出改进的建议。     

中美两国经济周期协动性分析

美国是世界第一大经济体也是中国的第一大贸易国,其国内的经济波动对中国经济的发展有着重要的影响。通过HP滤波法并使用1978—2009年度数据以及2008—2010年季度数据对中美两国经济周期波动的协动性研究后发现,中美经济周期协动程度随周期变动且呈现出明显的增强趋势,中国经济增长潜力高于美国且经济波动幅度逐渐减小。为此,应加强对美国经济周期波动的预测与中国货币政策制定、施行时机的把握,从而做到提前反周期操作。     

Alterations in export patterns through transforming policies in Romania

This study examines Romanian export flows in light of the dismantling of the traditional economic ties within the former Eastern European trading bloc (the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) and the conclusion (in 1993) of the Association Agreement between Romania and the European Union. These have led to a significant adjustment of the geographic trade pattern for Romania. The structural gravity model was employed to analyze the evolution of Romanian export flows to the two groups of main trading partners, i.e., the European nations of the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the European Union. The empirical results support the view that the European Union became and will remain the major market outlet for Romanian exports in the following years.The authors are indebted to the participants of the 41st Atlantic Economic Conference for their helpful comments and suggestions on a first draft of this paper.     

中国电力行业排污权交易机制设计研究——基于欧美国家的相关经验

排污权交易对排污企业具有内在的调节激励作用,其较传统的行政管制能更有效地促进环境容量资源的有效配置。基于此,本文通过对排污权交易和欧美国家的相关经验进行简要介绍,同时结合我国电力行业的自身特征,构建了我国电力行业排污权交易市场的机制设计框架,并提出了相关的政策建议。     

浅析欧债危机对中国外贸的影响及对策

欧盟是我国第一大贸易伙伴和第一大出口市场.随着欧债危机持续恶化,欧债危机已经席卷整个欧元区,由希腊蔓延至西班牙、意大利等国.在这场经济风暴中,我国对欧洲的产品出口也受到严重的影响.通过分析欧债危机的现状和原因,我们发现此次危机对我国对欧贸易的影响主要体现在欧元汇率、欧洲市场需求的萎缩和欧洲市场挤出效应等方面.欧元汇率持续下跌,给以欧元作为结算单位的中国企业带来很大的汇兑风险,许多中小企业出口利润都淹没在汇率风险中.而欧洲市场需求的萎缩和欧洲市场挤出效应使我国的对欧贸易严重受挫.我国外销企业只有及时调整产业结构、不断开拓市场和防范汇率波动风险,才能抵御欧债危机的影响.     

Understanding the U.S.-China Trade War

ABSTRACT

Three major concerns drove the U.S. into initiating the trade war, and they are (a) the concern that China’s chronically large trade surplus was depressing job creation in the U.S. (b) the concern that China was using illegal and unfair methods to acquire U.S. technology at an effectively discounted price; and (c) the concern that China seeks to weaken U.S. national security and its international standing. On the dispute over China’s exchange rate and trade imbalance, the first conclusion is that it was marked by analytical confusion over the meaning of the term ‘equilibrium exchange rate’. The second conclusion is that China’s trade imbalance reflects the economic conditions in both China and U.S., and that the efficient and fair solution of the problem requires policy changes in both countries. On the industrial policy dispute, the first conclusion is that the issue of forced technology transfer is largely a dispute about China using its market power to benefit itself at the expense of its trade partners. The second conclusion is that China’s use of market power can last only until the other large countries could unite and retaliate as a group. The inevitability of retaliation means that China should replace the joint-venture (JV) mechanism for technological diffusion with other ways to strengthen its technological capability. On the U.S. concern about whether China trade weakens its national security, the first conclusion is that the notion of national security that is commonly adopted in the U.S. trade policy debate is ignorant about the primary determinants of U.S. capability in innovation. By focusing instead mainly on how to hold down China technologically, the long-run outcome will be a technologically weaker U.S. and hence, a more vulnerable U.S. The second conclusion is that the U.S. must identify a clear, short list of critical technologies and critical infrastructure for the recently reformed Committee for Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to cover, and update this list constantly. Otherwise, the broad and changing nature of notions about national security would allow the bureaucratically driven phenomenon of mission-creep to steadily expand the coverage of the CFIUS process, thereby steadily rendering CFIUS to be operationally capricious. Our principal policy suggestion to China is that, because China’s economy in 2018 is very different from that in 1978 (e.g. many parts of China now look like Singapore and China is Africa’s biggest donor), there should be more reciprocity in China’s trade and investment relations with the advanced economies despite China’s status as a developing economy under WTO rules. Our principal policy suggestion to President Trump is to stop equating strategic competition with economic competition. Strategic competition is normally a zero-sum game. While fair economic competition is usually a zero-sum game in the short run, it generally creates a win-win outcome in the long run.     

Construction of legal system of carbon emissions trading in China

Countries in the world have taken a variety of means to control carbon emissions based on the serious situation of global warming,the concept of low-carbon economy and the provisions about emissions in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change（UNFCCC） and the Kyoto Protocol.With the measures of emissions reductions,the system of carbon emissions trading is taking shape.It is necessary for China as the big natural resources consumption country to establish its own carbon emissions trading system.By introducing the carbon emissions trading system of the European Union,America and Japan,and analyzing the market and policies been formed,the carbon emissions trading system in China can be established from the initial configuration of the emissions rights,the subject and object of carbon emissions trading,establishing the carbon emissions trading exchange and supervising and regulating the carbon emissions trading.     

The Eurozone Sovereign Debt Problem: What It Means for U.S. Exports

The European sovereign debt problem became the focus of world attention in 2010, when the interest rates on Greek government bonds rose dramatically, requiring immediate action by the European Union to avoid an imminent default. It has become clear that the problem is not limited to Greece, but a more general problem of the fundamental imbalances and underlying inconsistencies in the Eurozone economic system of using a single currency for a set of countries that lack a unified economic and political system. Financial markets reacted to the debt offering of the other deficit countries in the Eurozone by increasing interest rates on their sovereign debt as well. The major consequences are likely to be largely felt by the Eurozone countries themselves, some of whom will be forced to go through significant structural adjustments over the coming years. The adjustment process could generate a range of alternative macroeconomic outcomes for affected countries??including differences in growth, exchange rates, and investment??which could have significant implications for U.S. trade. This paper attempts to allay some of that uncertainty by exploring a wide range of alternative global macroeconomic outcomes and their potential impact on U.S. exports. The analysis extends the work done in a previous paper which focused on U.S. agricultural exports and its major components. While U.S. exports vary across the scenarios, continued strong economic growth in developing countries supports demand for U.S. exports. Because the EU has represented a declining share of U.S. exports, the direct impact of changes in European demand affects U.S. exports less than the secondary effects of changes in exchange rates and global investment patterns associated with alternative EU outcomes.     

辽宁省碳交易市场建设中的问题及建议

日本和欧美等发达国家已经建立了较为成熟的碳交易市场,并通过碳交易取得了显著的环境和经济效益。我国国内的碳交易市场机制十分落后,还没有一个成熟的国际碳交易市场。作为能源消耗大省,辽宁省的碳减排压力指数全国位列第六,辽宁省低碳经济建设任重道远,务实发展碳交易市场是发展低碳经济的首要任务。本文首先详细论述了辽宁省发展碳交易市场的重要意义,指出碳交易市场对辽宁经济建设、财政收入、环境改善及增强企业竞争力都具有较大的推动力。通过对辽宁省碳交易市场发展现状的分析,发现辽宁省碳交易市场建设中存在的问题主要集中在CDM项目、碳交易所建设及自愿减排市场上。根据辽宁省发展阶段的特点,提出了推进碳交易市场建设的相关建议。