Accuracy of self-reports to the burdensome question: survey response and nonresponse error trade-offs

Survey self-reports to questions involving respondent burden are examined for: (1) overall accuracy, (2) direction of bias, and (3) influence on relationships. Self-reports by respondents to questions on an area of household finances are compared to error-free supplier records. The evidence shows self-reports in this case to be accurate at the overall, or aggregate, level, but inaccurate at the individual, or disaggregate, level. The trade-offs inherent in the nonresponse occurring as a consequence of attempting to acquire verified data versus response bias resulting from a reliance on self-reports from surveys are discussed. It is suggested that attempts by researchers to acquire error-free, verified information in surveys will lead in most cases to unacceptably high levels of item nonresponse. An alternative, algebraic procedure for adjusting for disaggregate level response bias in self-reports on the basis of a subsample of verified responses is provided.     

Antecedents to ambidexterity competency in high technology organizations

High tech organizations confront dual demands of exploring new products/processes and exploiting existing products/processes. Research shows that ambidextrous organizations can better manage these dual demands, but our understanding of the antecedents that lead to ambidexterity is still emerging. In addition, previous research has taken a piecemeal approach to understand ambidexterity and does not fully consider its multilevel nature. This research takes a multilevel perspective and argues that a competency in ambidexterity involves three capabilities at different organizational levels: decision risk (strategic level), structural differentiation (project level), and contextual alignment (meso level). After correcting for endogeneity we empirically examine the relationship between these antecedents and ambidexterity competency by collecting multi-level data from 34 high tech business units and 110 exploration and exploitation R&D projects. The results indicate that decision risk and contextual alignment affect ambidexterity competency for high tech organizations. Structural differentiation does not affect ambidexterity competency but has mixed effects on R&D project performance.     

Decision-making in organizations: when to delegate and whom to delegate

A production process involves a principal and two privately informed agents. Production requires coordinated decision making. It might be carried in a centralized organization or through delegated contracting in a hierarchical structure. We compare the performance of different organizational structures when renegotiation of initial contracts is possible. We show that delegated contracting always dominates centralization if the downstream contract between the agents is observable. Contracting (resp. control) should be delegated to the agent with the least (resp. most) important information. If downstream contracts are not observable, we obtain a tradeoff between centralization and delegation.     

Catching up on competitors: how organizations can motivate employees to work harder

The paper is an attempt to explain why some organizations are more competitive than others in terms of their human resources. It establishes under what circumstances some employees exert extra effort beyond the level required to keep their job and to get promotion by exploring the role of motivational forces that may complement the calculative considerations as suggested by expectancy theory. In a multivariate analysis proxies for five motivational mechanisms were tested, based on need theory, positive work disposition, intrinsic motivation, behavioural commitment as implied by organizational roles and social exchange theory. It emerged that all of them make their own contribution to the explanation of extra work effort.     

国外资产评估准确性研究进展及对中国的启示

资产评估准确性是资产评估业的起点和归宿,英美等西方国家在20世纪80年代前后就开始研究这方面的问题.对这一议题从英美两国的研究背景看,均与贷款安全评估有关,纵观国外学者对这一领域的研究成果,主要从定性研究和定量研究两方面展开.国外资产评估准确性的研究进展对中国资产评估业有如下启示:加强对金融评估的监管、注重对评估过程的质量控制、重视资产评估方法的选择、改进资产评估的信息披露方式.     

Psychosomatic aspects of modern organizations

Work conditions that are tense or threatening can affect the health of workers—both those in authority or non-authority positions. Managers cannot be psychiatrists to treat illness cause this way, or course, but they should be front-line diagnosticians, identifying basic behavior change that is detrimental to the individual and the firm which hires him.     

如何提高公路工程预结算的正确性

文章就如何提高公路工程预结算的准确性进行了分析和探讨.     

提高煤质分析准确性的措施

煤炭是人们生产和生活中不可或缺的重要能源,并且具有不可再生性,在短时间内也无法使用其他的能源作为代替。积极开展煤质分析工作,保证该项工作的准确性,是提升煤炭能源使用效率的重要前提。在开展煤质分析工作的过程中,需要积极采用一些切实可行的措施和手段,提升分析结果的准确性。     

如何提高公路工程预结算的正确性

文章就如何提高公路工程预结算的准确性进行了分析和探讨。     

提高机械加工精密度探析

本文就从影响机械加工零件精密度的因素着手,对提高机械加工零件精密度的具体措施进行探讨,以此为同行业提供借鉴。     

On the way to creativity: Engineers as intrapreneurs in organizations

Organizations often hide creativity and talent. This paper describes how to make engineers active in the field of intrapreneurship within large firms where they often are employed in R&D. This development is seen, in Europe at least, most desirable by the companies today. Technology has an extensive impact on the society and economy nowadays, and it is important to study how technological innovations appear and who is behind them. Entrepreneurship and organizational intrapreneurship are, in many cases, the basis of technological innovations and firm renewal. Engineers are the company's special professional workforce that has the role to produce and develop innovations. Since the world of high-tech companies needs the cooperation of many experts, engineers must be able to cooperate well with other fields of expertise such as marketing, research and development as well as external suppliers and service providers. Also, innovations today often ask not only for unique technical knowledge but also social knowledge to make these innovations meaningful. In this sense, social innovation parallels technical innovation. Thus, in this paper we explore the origins of the intrapreneurship capacity in engineering settings of hightech firms, thereby concentrating on three issues: Who is the intrapreneur and the engineer-intrapreneur in particular? What kind of managerial and organizational support is required to facilitate the intrapreneur's upcoming? What are the educational and work related consequences for practical intrapreneurship tool development?     

Residual affective commitment to organizations: Concept,causes and consequences

Research on affective organizational commitment has largely been conceptually restricted by the temporal boundaries of organizational membership, while only few authors have addressed how individuals may commit to an organization before becoming members. Given that individual careers increasingly span across a greater number of organizations, this restriction limits our ability to capture how employees experience their workplaces throughout their careers. Addressing this gap, this article contributes to the literature on affective commitment by arguing that individuals may remain affectively committed to an organization after having left it. We extend the temporal structure of affective commitment beyond separation by introducing the concept of residual affective commitment, and present a model of how such commitment is formed. We elucidate the interplay between residual and current affective commitment, complementing research on organizational newcomers. Finally, we open up new avenues for research by discussing theoretical consequences of the introduction of residual commitment.     

圆柱蜗杆,蜗轮精度的新旧齿标转换方法

阐述了蜗杆，蜗轮精度的新旧齿标转换方法，提出了在转换中应注意的问题，并举例列出了转换方法的具体步骤。     

浅论煤矿测量方法及如何提高测量的准确性

煤矿测量在煤矿的生产中是贯穿全过程重要工作,它是煤矿生产中其它工作的前提,在生产中起着指导性作用。本文简单的探讨了在测量中的一些常见方法及如何在测量中提高测量的准确性。     

A new approach to optimal selection of services in health care organizations.

A new reimbursement policy adopted by Medicare in 1983 caused financial difficulties for many hospitals and health care organizations. Several organizations responded to these difficulties by developing systems to carefully measure their costs of providing services. The purpose of such systems was to provide relevant information about the profitability of hospital services. This paper presents a new method of making hospital service selection decisions: it is based on an optimization model that avoids arbitrary cost allocations as a basis for computing the costs of offering a given service. The new method provides more reliable information about which services are profitable or unprofitable, and it provides an accurate measure of the degree to which a service is profitable or unprofitable. The new method also provides useful information about the sensitivity of the optimal decision to changes in costs and revenues. Specialized algorithms for the optimization model lead to very efficient implementation of the method, even for the largest health care organizations.