中印双边贸易潜力与影响因素分析

印度作为“一带一路”沿线中不可或缺的一环,中国与其双边贸易的发展对两国经济甚至“一带一路”建设都有重要影响。对2007—2019年中印两国贸易潜力的分析表明,中国与印度之间存在较大的贸易潜力,中国对印度出口的贸易效率不高,印度对中国出口的效率相对较高;关税税率的下降、贸易便利化水平的上升都能提高中印两国的出口贸易额,对外投资能提高印度对中国的出口贸易,双方共同加入多边合作组织及建立自由贸易区将会促进双边贸易额的提升。为进一步激发中印双边贸易潜力,应优化中印双边贸易结构,扩大印度优势产业的进口;推动中印自贸区建设,提升贸易便利化水平;拓宽中国对印度直接投资领域,扩大投资规模。     

浅析中印贸易扩大他的发展现状及对策

20世纪90年代以来，随着中印两国经济的发展和国际地位的提高，特别是中国正式成为WTO成员国之后，中印贸易关系得到了较快发展。双边贸易总额从1992年的2．64亿美元到2008年的517．8亿美元，中国已成为印度的第一大贸易伙伴，而印度也成为我国的第十大贸易伙伴，同时也是中国在南亚地区的最大贸易伙伴。本文从双边贸易的发展现状和阻碍因素出发，提出了一些促进中印贸易关系良性健康发展的对策。     

中印软件与信息服务产业合作研究

中国和印度是世界上最大、发展速度最快的两个发展中国家,尽管中印两国国情不同,但却有着共同的利益和各自的优势,在很多领域值得相互学习和合作。双方在自然资源、产业结构和生产能力上的差异,导致经济产业间和产业内都形成了互补性的贸易特征,软件与信息服务产业尤其如此。具体而言,印度在软件生产技术、人力资源、行业经验等方面处于世界领先地位,但基础设施     

试论中国和印度的贸易关系及其未来走向

中国和印度的贸易增长相当的迅速，如今双方可以说已经是彼此不可缺少的重要贸易伙伴。虽然双方在贸易活动中还会遇到问题，尤其是双方的贸易争端问题，但是只要中印双方共同努力，两国的贸易关系，乃至两国的整体关系也会有更好的未来。     

中国对印度的商品出口现状分析

随着中印经济的高速增长和全球化进程的不断深入,两国在国际市场上的地位迅速提高。在此背景下,两大邻国之间的贸易从理论上来看也应该得到相应的发展和深化。然而,本文通过对1992年以来中国对印度出口数据的分析发现,尽管过去20年中国对印度的出口绝对量增长很快,但是从相对量来看,中印双边贸易强度一直低于其它主要贸易伙伴,近年来甚至有中国对印度出口不断乏力的趋势。文章进一步分析了中国对印度的出口结构和贸易成本并发现,导致对印度出口乏力的主要原因有:出口契合度低、产业内贸易低、贸易成本下降的空间有限等。     

中印利用FDI绩效比较分析

中国和印度是世界上最大的两个发展中国家，曾同为农业世界的中心国家，在近代均经历了经济从衰落到复兴的过程，又均在20世纪末进行了经济改革，因此对中印两国的比较研究具有很强的现实意义。两国利用外资格局具有明显的差异。FDI在中国更多流向加工制造业，在印度则更多流向离岸服务业；中国与印度利用外资存在差别的原因是基于总体引资环境、经济发展战略侧重点等方面的差异：且中印利用外资对经济产生了不同的重要影响。     

中印贸易摩擦浅析

近年来，中印双边贸易得到了迅速发展，印度成为我国在南亚地区的最大贸易伙伴。但随着双边贸易的快速增长，我国与印度的贸易摩擦事件时有发生。分析造成这些贸易摩擦的原因，找到有效的解决办法对于中印贸易长远发展具有重要意义。     

试论中国和印度的贸易关系及其未来走向

中国和印度的贸易增长相当的迅速,如今双方可以说已经是彼此不可缺少的重要贸易伙伴.虽然双方在贸易活动中还会遇到问题,尤其是双方的贸易争端问题,但是只要中印双方共同努力,两国的贸易关系,乃至两国的整体关系也会有更好的未来.     

中国和印度经贸合作的溢出效应分析

中国和印度作为世界上最大的两个发展中国家,两国间存在着巨大的经贸合作的空间。随着世界经济一体化进程的推进,新时期中印两国经贸合作更为重要,不仅有益于两国经济快速发展而且将对亚洲乃至世界经济的发展产生深远的影响。文章从中印两国经贸合作的发展历程及其动因和可行性方面分析中印两国经贸合作的溢出效应。     

中印并利用FDI绩效比较分析

中国和印度是世界上最大的两个发展中国家,曾同为农业世界的中心国家,在近代均经历了经济从衰落到复兴的过程,又均在20世纪末进行了经济改革,因此对中印两国的比较研究具有很强的现实意义。两国利用外资格局具有明显的差异。FDI在中国更多流向加工制造业,在印度则更多流向离岸服务业;中国与印度利用外资存在差别的原因是基于总体引资环境、经济发展战略侧重点等方面的差异：且中印利用外资对经济产生了不同的重要影响。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

The Performance of Public and Private Enterprise under Conditions of Active and Passive Ownership and Competition and Monopoly

Privatisation is driven by the belief that public ownership is cost inefficient, in particular under monopoly. However, some theoretical and empirical studies have questioned whether privatisation will necessarily lead to efficiency gains. This paper focuses on the impact of ownership when owners can be either active or passive. Active owners decide on output, whereas passive owners delegate this decision to a risk-averse manager. It turns out that managerial slack as reflected in the marginal costs will actually be the same or higher in a private monopoly than under public ownership. The impact of entry is theoretically ambiguous, but an increased number of firms in an oligopoly may lead to lower efficiency.