粮食浪费对供求平衡的影响与对策

国以民为本,民以食为天,食以粮为源,中国这一古老的命题,至今仍不失为治国之道。粮食历来是国家发展和社会稳定的重要砝码,有粮则安,无粮则乱。1991年10月我国政府规定：每年“世界粮食日”所在周为全国“爱惜粮食,节约粮食”宣传周。根据历史、现实和未来情况综合,本世纪末乃至进入下个世纪,我国农业将面临人口增加与耕地减少的矛盾。21世纪一个将拥有16亿人口的泱泱大国,如果把希望寄托于国际市场来解决吃饭问题,那么粮食就不只是个经济问题,更会成为国际政治的战略武器。对待粮食问题,必须要有长期的足够的忧患意识。解决粮…     

全球粮食浪费惊人

2011年9月中旬,美国政府的一则报告让世人长舒了一口气。这则报告指出:虽然受到逾半个世纪以来最严重旱灾的影响,但美国2011年玉米产量下滑不到1%,表明美国中西部出现的56年来最严重旱情所造成的损害低于预期,令人们担忧的全球粮食危机将不会出现。之前美国的旱灾给全球粮食市场造成了极大的恐慌,美国是全球最大玉米出口国,也是大豆和小麦等其他粮食的主要供应国,其中玉米出口占全球出口量近一     

我国现阶段粮食直补政策研究

为提高农民收入、增加农业投入、提高粮食产量、推动粮食产业化及促进农业发展,2004年我国出台了一系列粮食补贴政策,初步形成了综合性收入补贴和生产性专项补贴相结合的粮食补贴政策体系,但从政策操作层面看,各种补贴政策还存在不足之处。通过对现行粮食直补政策进行分析,提出应根据农户当年粮食产量占当地总产量的比例来分配粮食补贴资金。     

粮食消费环节损失浪费研究综述

粮食消费环节损失浪费关系着我国粮食流通行业的产业绩效和国家节粮减损的重大战略,减少损失浪费始终是我国粮食流通工作头等大事。但国内外学术界对此研究较少,为完善粮食流通行业的研究和应对消费损失浪费,本文将从粮食浪费概念的界定、粮食浪费的定量测度、粮食浪费的综合效应评估、粮食浪费的驱动机制及粮食浪费的研究方法等方面对近年来研究成果进行梳理分析。     

世界粮食走势力下的中国粮食安全对策

文章先分析了粮食安全的概念以及今后三种粮价走势：全球粮食价格将长期高位运行；世界各国高度控制粮源的趋势加剧；生物质能源将进一步挤占粮食生产资源。最后指出了粮食安全对策：提高粮食的生产力、建立有利粮食存储与流转的粮食银行和发展淡水养殖业。     

有必要立法遏制食物浪费

中国农业大学调查显示,保守推算,我国2007年至2008年仅餐饮浪费的食物蛋白质达800万吨,相当于2.6亿人一年的所需;浪费脂肪300万吨,相当于1.3亿人一年所需。(央视《新闻1+1》4月20日)锄禾日当午,汗滴禾下土。谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。这曾经是常被用于儿童启蒙的诗句,可是现     

中国粮食安全保障程度：基于粮食消费结构变化的分析

随着居民消费结构转型升级,粮食安全要求已从数量安全转变为结构安全。文章基于2002-2019年中国29个省份的面板数据,利用分品种投入法与总量核减法相结合测算各省份不同用途粮食消费量。研究发现,饲料粮与工业用粮消费量增长显著,粮食消费结构呈现出“以口粮为主”向“以饲料粮为主”转变的特征;且除去西藏、甘肃等8个省份,东中部地区21省均实现了粮食消费结构转型升级。借鉴粮食安全贡献系数,从总量与不同用途角度分析各省份粮食安全保障程度发现,中国口粮安全得到保障,但间接用粮保障程度为负,饲料粮与工业用粮面临较大缺口,导致中国粮食安全保障程度整体为负。分地区来看,黑龙江、内蒙古等北方省份主产区对粮食安全与间接用粮安全的保障作用突出;而南方地区因为饲料粮需求旺盛导致其间接用粮保障程度为负,但口粮安全保障程度位居前列。因此,要坚持“以我为主”,把握粮食安全主动权,因应粮食消费结构变动合理调整粮食进口策略。     

中国粮食物流60年

通过对建国60年来与粮食物流相关的重大事件进行分析,论述了粮食物流的重要性,提出了我国粮食物流未来的发展——推广应用"四散"技术、资源整合、完善功能和产业集聚。特别是充分发挥粮食物流的"蓄水池"和"调节器"作用。     

世界粮食贸易环境与中国粮食进口战略

究竟该如何准确地把握和分析中国目前,以及未来的粮食供求状况,本文从世界粮食市场前景预测和中国未来粮食进口两方面进行分析和探讨。     

中国粮食产需形势及发展趋势分析

21世纪初中国粮食产量连续数年下降,粮食由供大于求向产不足需转变。近两年粮食生产开始出现恢复性增长。根据中国粮食生产和流通的基本状况,分析研究中国粮食产需、流通及消费形势和发展趋势,对保障国家粮食安全和国民经济的持续发展具有十分重要的意义。     

Disclosure and assessment of unrecorded food waste at retail stores

Reducing food waste at stores is a huge challenge for retailers, that are called to improve the efficiency of their operations in order to reduce the quantity of food that goes discarded. Some studies suggest that part of the food products removed from sale are not recorded as waste, but the quantity and features of this unrecorded food waste is largely unknown. The underestimation of retail food waste data hinders the effectiveness of actions against food waste at the store level, as managers may build their decisions on unreliable information. In this study we directly measure the waste of 9 food categories in a panel of 13 supermarkets in Italy. An improved recording practice was applied during the 12 months of the study, allowing to detect all the food wasted, including what usually remains unrecorded. By comparing the data gathered during the study with those recorded at the same stores prior the application of the improved recording routine, meaningful quantities of unrecorded food waste emerge for many food categories, especially fruits and vegetables, packed cold cuts and groceries. The rate of food waste in value raises from 1.00% to 1.35% on comparable periods, as a result of the implementation of the improved recording routine. However, the rate of food waste in value decreases during the study period, suggesting that a more accurate recording procedure may sensitize the staff over the issue of food waste, thus preventing to some extent its generation. A new model of food waste recording is therefore proposed, with a meaningful potential to improve the quality of the data available to store managers and, at the same time, to reduce the economic losses due to in-store food waste.     

Food waste paradox: antecedents of food disposal in low income households

This article aims to identify antecedents of food waste among lower‐middle class families – a paradox, given the financial constraints this population faces. The importance of this research is evident in escalating environmental pressures for better use of our planet's scarce resources. Given that most of the world is low‐income, any behavioral change in this population is likely to have a considerable impact. Empirical data were collected from 14 lower‐middle income Brazilian households, based on observations, in‐depth interviews, photographs and a focus group (n = 6). Five major categories of food waste antecedents were identified: (1) excessive purchasing, (2) over‐preparation, (3) caring for a pet, (4) avoidance of leftovers and (5) inappropriate food conservation. Several subcategories were also found, including impulse buying, lack of planning and preference for large packages. Surprisingly, findings show that strategies used to save money – such as buying groceries in bulk, monthly shopping trips, preference for supermarkets and cooking from scratch – actually end up generating more food waste. This mitigates the savings made during the purchasing phase.     

The value of food waste: An exploratory study on retailing

Retailers are increasingly concerned with the sustainability of their business. Food waste is a major sustainability issue: 90 million tons of food are wasted in the EU every year. The production of much of this waste is directly linked to the food chain operations, included those performed at the retail stage. The literature on food waste has mainly focused so far on the quantification of the total food lost along the supply chain. However, the stage of retail has long been neglected. This paper attempts to partly fill this research gap, with the aim of measuring the extent of food waste in retailing as well as its environmental, social and economic value. To do so, we analyse the results of a food waste recovery project held in an Italian supermarket and, by drawing on the data collected in this case study, we perform an evaluation of the value of the food wasted. The results show that the extent of food waste in retailing is certainly considerable, both in terms of quantity and economic value. Moreover, we found evidence that it may be greatly reduced, with a significant limitation of its environmental impact and, through the mechanism of recovery, it may even generate social benefits. Despite the many limitations of such preliminary research, the results provide useful information for retailers aiming to develop strategies against food waste in the context of improving the sustainability of their business.     

Normalising alternative practices: the recovery,distribution and consumption of food waste

ABSTRACT

Certain practices are excluded from markets, even though they may contribute to more sustainable systems. Other practices are integral to markets despite their highly detrimental impacts. This study investigates how alternative practices in the food sector became integrated into the market through normalisation processes. Using a qualitative approach, it examines the processes by which practices, including the recovery, distribution and consumption of food waste, went from being excluded from a mainstream food market to becoming normalised within it. Normalisation occurs as a result of retracing the biography of an object, building community, rituals and sacrifices. The author discusses theoretical and managerial implications.     

Domestic spaces and beyond: Consumer food waste in the context of shopping and storing routines

To significantly reduce the volumes of food currently wasted in industrialized countries, tackling food waste on the household level is paramount. While awareness campaigns and economic incentives are important measures, it is crucial to look beyond individual decision making and scrutinize how contextual factors frame consumer lifestyles in ways that intensify the issue of food going to waste. This paper addresses the role of material contexts—in particular, infrastructures and technologies—in the shaping of food shopping and storing practices and thus consumer food waste. It presents an in‐depth, qualitative study with 24 Austrian households, conducted from November 2016 to February 2017. Data were collected through food waste diaries, semi‐structured interviews and a total of 16 focus group discussions. In line with other studies, we find that food waste is a largely unintended outcome of entangled daily routines revolving around food, such as meal planning, grocery shopping and food storing. The characteristics of food retail infrastructures—in terms of accessibility, density and type—shape these routines and thus potentially influence excess food purchases. Food storing practices as well depend on the characteristics of domestic infrastructures and co‐evolve with technologies used for storing food. Unraveling the interconnectivity between material contexts and household food practices can inform policy, product design and food retail development and thus has implications for reducing consumer food waste.     

增产节约,提高粮食有效供给

粮食是需求弹性较小的商品,虽然我国粮食产量实现了“九连增”,但是粮食产后和消费环节的损失浪费非常严重,粮食供给又存在着土地和水资源的硬性约束以及耕地的撂荒等现象,我国粮食安全形势不容乐观.文章提出了依靠粮食物流信息化、指导农民科学储粮、减少粮食资源消耗以及加强节粮教育等措施,努力降低粮食的损失浪费,并充分利用政策手段保护耕地、科技兴农,从而保障粮食安全.     

Analyzing the food waste reduction intentions of UK households. A Value-Attitude-Behavior (VAB) theory perspective

Food waste is a complex and pervasive issue associated with growing corporate, political and public concerns. Addressing the issue of food waste is essential to achieve sustainable development. This study utilises the value–attitude–behaviour hierarchy to examine UK household consumers' food waste reduction intentions. The research model hypothesises a positive relationship between consumers' perceived values (hedonic value and sense of community), attitudes (anticipated guilt, social norms and attitude to reduce food waste), and household food waste reduction intentions. We collected data from 513 UK households via a survey questionnaire. The results confirmed that consumers' perceived values positively affect their attitude toward reducing food waste. We also found that attitude to reduce food waste is significantly associated with food waste reduction intentions. Furthermore, the control variables, age and gender, are significantly associated with social norms. However, the results revealed that a sense of community is not significantly associated with an attitude toward reducing food waste. The study findings offer useful insights for academics, marketers, policymakers and governments seeking to mitigate the adverse effects of food waste.     

浅析大型突发灾害性事件下食品应急物流的成本优化

食品应急物流活动的首要目标是在最短的时间内对事发地进行持续的应急食品供应,对成本优化的所有方案均着重于对时效性的考虑。通过分析食品筹集、仓储、配送、管理四个方面的成本构成要素,相应的成本优化方案是:筹集成本的优化主要考虑食品的种类及数量、政府采购成本的缩减;仓储成本的优化主要考虑采用ABC分类法优化库存结构;配送成本的优化主要考虑物资的配送顺序、配送路线和规模、物流主体的有机结合;管理成本的优化主要考虑健全的重大事件管理体系和信息指挥平台的建立以及应急机制的完善。     

经济发展过程中粮食安全的现状、问题与对策--基于广西东兴市的调查

本文通过对广西东兴市市政府办公室、农业局、粮食局、统计局、边贸局等部门的调查发现：目前东兴市粮食产需缺口较大,粮食生产基础设施薄弱,农业技术不强,农民生产积极性不高,粮食贮备不足,粮食部门功能弱化。为此,必须增强粮食安全保障能力,加强基础设施建设,强化科技支撑,完善粮食补贴和奖励政策,健全粮食储备制度,协调粮食管理职能,与粮食主产区建立长期稳定的合作关系。