外国政府贷款项目绩效评价研究

在绩效评价中，应综合运用多种分析方法，以使评价结果更准确。要关注项目目标群体的受益效果，应充分体现以人为本的理念，关注项目为目标群体带来的变化，将目标群体的满意度作为效果评价的重要指标。     

对甘肃利用外国政府贷款政策的思考

在现代市场经济中,资金仍然是制约经济发展的关键因素。如何解决开发资金短缺,业已成为时代的主题。本文通过分析甘肃利用外国政府贷款的状况,提出了外国政府贷款在甘肃良性运作的建议,可供各地参者。     

政府审计的发展趋势——绩效审计

随着公共受托责任观念的不断增强，公众对政府审计的要求不只停留在对财政收支的真实性和合法性审计上面，他们更关心的是财政支出的效果审计。无论是政府部门还是企事业单位，只要存在公共财产的受托经济管理，受托人就必须对受托财产的安全和完整及其效益性承担公共受托责任，     

对于政府绩效审计项目管理的几点思考

随着我国经济水平的不断提高,在政府政务全面公开的趋势下,政府绩效的评估已经越来越受到重视。绩效审计成为政府绩效管理的重要组成部分。本文将审计项目管理和政府绩效审计结合起来,从绩效审计项目管理包含的内容入手,阐述将项目管理运用于政府绩效审计的必要性,从而提出加强绩效审计项目管理的几点策略。     

新疆借用外国政府贷款探析

本文回顾了改革开放以来新疆利用外国政府贷款工作的情况,在分析现状及所面临新形势的基础上,对今后一个时期新疆利用外国政府贷款工作提出了一些政策建议,强调要努力扩大借用外国政府贷款的规模,全面提高利用外国政府贷款的质量和水平。     

国家发改委：发布通知加强外国政府贷款项目监管

为进一步规范和加强借用外国政府贷款管理，提高外国政府贷款项目质量和效益，9月7日，国家发改委发布《关于进一步改进外国政府贷款项目前期工作和加强实施监管的通知》，就进一步改进外国政府贷款（日本政府贷款除外）项目前期工作和加强实施监管的具体措施及有关要求通知如下：     

政府绩效审计风险的成因及其对策

文章从现实角度出发，分析了我国政府绩效审计风险的形成原因，并有针对性地提出了对政府绩效审计进行风险控制的对策。     

试论我国开展政府绩效审计的问题与对策

本文对在我国开展政府绩效审计的必要性进行了分析,阐明了我国实施政府绩效审计遇到的难点,并针对目前我国政府绩效审计的发展状况和存在的问题提出了建议.     

风险导向审计在公共工程绩效审计中的应用

近年来,我国投入大量资金建设社会公共工程,以期保证国计民生和提高人民群众生活水平。加强对公共工程的绩效审计是加强公共事业监督的重要举措。尝试从公共工程的特点出发,阐述将现代风险导向审计方法引入公共工程绩效审计的思路。     

Motivations for Loan Herding by Chinese Banks and Its Impact on Bank Performance

This study uses a dynamic herding model that considers intertemporal and cross‐sectional correlation to confirm that loan herding occurs among joint‐stock commercial banks (JSCBs) and city commercial banks (CCBs). We clarify the motivations for bank loan herding. We find that loan herding by both JSCBs and CCBs results more from following the behavior of other same‐type banks than different‐type banks because of characteristic herding or reputational concerns. Loan herding by JSCBs is motivated by investigative herding, whereas loan herding by CCBs results from informational cascades. Moreover, loan herding has a significantly harmful impact on the operating performance of CCBs but not JSCBs, which may be explained by the irrational behavior of CCBs. Our results will help Chinese bank supervisors develop appropriate policies for handling loan herding.     

Hierarchical Differences in Audit Workpaper Review Performance*

This paper investigates the performance of senior and staff auditors in the identification of conceptual and mechanical errors during workpaper review. In this study, we begin to examine the potential for effectiveness and efficiency gains by involving staff (assistant) auditors in the review process. We find that senior auditors were more accurate than staff auditors in identifying conceptual errors contained in a hypothetical set of workpapers just reviewed. However, staff auditors were more accurate than senior auditors in identifying mechanical errors. Highlighting the benefits of a hierarchical review, composite groups consisting of a staff auditor and a senior outperformed composite groups consisting of two seniors or two staff auditors. The study finds that the differences in review performance between managers and seniors found in Ramsay 1994 generalize to lower levels of experience. Considering our results in conjunction with Ramsay 1994, we show a progression to a more conceptual review template as the rank of the reviewer moves from staff to senior to manager. The paper provides some guidance to audit firms that are presently introducing major changes to the way in which the review process is carried out, including the inclusion of reviews by staff auditors.     

国外政府财政绩效考评的经验借鉴

20世纪80年代以来,世界范围内兴起的"新公共管理"运动,对于现代政府治理产生了深远影响.文章试图在国际比较的分析之上,就市场经济国家的财政绩效管理加以适当梳理,为中国财政绩效管理模式的构建.提供一个具有较强借鉴意义的参照体系;为研究探索我国公共财政支出的绩效管理办法,科学评价公共财政支出经济性和有效性提供有益的经验借鉴.     

Pricing of Initial Audit Engagements by Large and Small Audit Firms*

We investigate the extent to which auditors of U.S. companies reduce fees on initial audit engagements (“fee discounting”). We hypothesize that rivalries among sellers, in terms of client turnover and price competition, are more intense among small audit firms. The data support this hypothesis. New clients account for 34 percent of all clients for small audit firms, but only 9 percent of all clients for large audit firms. We theorize that differences in client turnover rates between large and small audit firms can be explained by the market structure of the audit industry, which consists of an oligopolistic segment dominated by a few large audit firms and an atomistic segment composed of many small audit firms. We further hypothesize and confirm that fee discounting is more extensive in the atomistic sector, and our results confirm this hypothesis. Our analysis of audit fee changes indicates that clients who switch auditors within the atomistic sector receive on average a discount of 24 percent over the prior auditor's fee. However, clients who switch auditors within the oligopolistic sector receive on average a discount of only 4 percent. Given that price competition is known to be less intense in oligopolistic markets than in atomistic markets, we believe that market structure theory can explain why fee discounting is lower when larger audit firms compete for clients.     

浅谈经济园区绩效审计的评价体系

文章研究的绩效审计是适应由单纯重视投入资金效果性,到综合关注投入资金的效果性、效益性、经济性而产生的一整套审计理论和方法,是一种以经济运行的过程和结果为主体内容的审计活动。     

网上贷款

个人借贷领域的淘宝 小林在淘宝上的生意做得顺风顺水,她想扩大经营规模,但资金缺口3万元,而银行拒绝贷款。这时,她听说有家个人借贷网站：“拍拍贷”。小林在“拍拍贷”上公布了自己的详细资料,然后在借款列表中明确写出,可以承受10％的借款利率,偿还期限6个月。由于她是淘宝网的4钻卖家,客户评价很好,两个星期后,小林就拿到了这笔钱。     

Learning by Doing and Audit Quality*

In this study, we present a nonstrategic, dynamic Bayesian model in which auditors' learning on the job and their choice of professional services jointly affect audit quality. While performing audits over time, auditors accumulate client‐specific knowledge so that their posterior beliefs about clients are updated and become more precise (that is, precision is our surrogate for audit quality) — what we call the learning effect. In addition, auditors can enrich their knowledge accumulation by performing nonaudit services (NAS) that, in fact, may influence clients' managerial decisions — what we call the business advisory effect. This advisory effect permits auditors to anticipate and to learn about changes in clients' business models, which in turn improves their advisory capacity. These dual “learning” and “advisory” effects are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. The advisory effect of NAS may increase or reduce auditors' engagement risk. We show that large professional fees can induce auditors to provide NAS that increase engagement risk and diminish audit quality. However, when NAS reduce engagement risk and increase audit quality, auditors may provide NAS without charging clients. The feature that distinguishes our study — the interdependence between the learning and advisory effects — provides new insight into the trade‐off between audit fees and audit quality. Consequently, our analysis helps explain why the scope of the audit has evolved over time and why the boundaries between audit and NAS are constantly shifting. A recent example of such a shift is that the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act adds control attestation to audits for public companies traded in U.S. markets.     

我国上市银行贷款集中度对经营绩效影响的实证分析

利用16家上市银行2009-2015年的面板数据,通过建立面板模型,实证分析上市银行贷款集中度对经营绩效的影响。结果显示：三种性质银行行业集中度都对绩效具有负影响;股份制银行客户集中度和产品类型集中度对绩效有显著负影响;国有银行客户集中度、担保式集中度和产品类型集中度对绩效有显著负影响;城市银行行业集中度对绩效有显著负影响。此外,其他各性质银行其他指标均对绩效无显著影响。