基于联合分析的网络团购消费者偏好研究——以电影团购为例

随着电子商务的迅速发展,网络团购成为一种流行的营销渠道和购物方式,而网络团购中消费者购买偏好影响因素一直是学术界研究的热点问题之一。文章以电影团购为例,运用联合分析法探讨了网络团购中消费者购买偏好的影响因素。研究结果显示,消费者在网络团购时最关注的是电影类型,其次依次是电影出品地区、电影评分、电影明星、团购价格、到影院距离。同时,通过对模拟电影产品的市场占有率进行预测,以期能为相关企业开发新产品及制定营销策略提供决策依据。     

不安全心理对消费者购买行为的影响及营销策略浅析

安全需要是人类的基本需要,对人的行为有着重要影响。目前,随着消费者购买能力的不断提升,在影响消费者购买行为的众多复杂因素中,消费安全作为消费者的基本需要所存在的问题日益突显。通过对导致消费者产生不安全心理的因素进行分析,探讨在购买决策过程中不安全心理对消费者购买习惯、购买态度、购买渠道等的影响以及企业在面对消费者不安全心理时应采取的产品策略、价格策略、渠道策略、促销策略和客户服务管理策略,最终赢得消费者对企业的认同和信任。     

基于消费者心理的深度营销

我们处在一个变化的社会中,产品和企业的更新速度加快,出现了消费者对企业的忠诚度降低,电商企业的竞争加剧等这些问题。现在电商企业主要通过分析大数据来寻找消费者的偏好,但是这种通过大数据的精准营销仍然存在缺点,例如淘宝上基于消费者行为数据的推荐会使消费者视野受限。消费者在历经"需求-选择-购买"这三个阶段时,从始至终都需要用"心理"来支配购买行为,所以消费者的购物行为是由消费者的心理主导,要推测和影响消费者行为,就需要研究消费者的心理,所以更为科学的是基于消费者心理的深层营销。人的心理因素是难以捉摸、变幻莫测的,在不同的情景下会产生变化,我将消费者的行为和心理进行量化,从源头进行深度分析,寻找影响消费者心理因素。电商企业可以根据这些影响因素制定策略影响消费者的购买行为,从而有效地销售产品并获取更大的利润。     

基于不确定性遗憾偏好模型的消费者偏好差异研究

消费者购买前的主观意向与实际决策行为经常矛盾,即存在陈述性偏好(SP)和显示性偏好(RP)差异性问题。目前关于SP和RP的研究多集中于两者的一致性和互补性,对其差异性研究较少,且忽视了消费者偏好不确定性的影响。基于此,本文提出了不确定性遗憾偏好模型,通过消费者发生购买行为后的满意或后悔程度来衡量SP和RP的差异性。结果表明,品牌认知、设计认知、性能认知及参照群体等不确定性因素,性别、教育和收入等消费者特征因素,价格、产品集、更换时间等产品属性因素均对消费者偏好差异性有显著影响。此外,男、女样本在SP和RP差异性上存在显著的系统性差异。     

科技接受模式对网络购买意愿影响探析

应用因特网从事营销活动,进而获得竞争优势,已成为企业营销的必然趋势。分析掌握影响消费者网络购买意愿的因素,是研究电子商务的关键。本文以260个网络消费者为样本,研究科技接受模式(易用认知、有用认知)对于消费者网络购买意愿的影响。结果表明:易用认知、有用认知的科技接受模式会正向影响消费者对网络购物的涉入态度,消费者对网络购物的涉入态度会正向影响消费者网络购买意愿。     

服装消费者购买渠道选择偏好及其影响因素研究--以江浙沪地区大学生调查为例

随着网络的发展,越来越多的消费者开始通过实体店铺和网络两种渠道购买服装,了解消费者购买服装的渠道选择影响因素对于企业正确实施渠道营销至关重要。本文以江浙沪地区大学生为调查对象,通过问卷调查和数据整理分析,探讨了服装消费者购买渠道选择偏好及其影响因素。结果表明：网络搜索的便捷性和成本低促使消费者更习惯使用网络渠道去了解、获取服装产品信息,但在购买时消费者对实体店铺品质的信任则成为部分消费者转而选择实体店铺的主要原因,同时,消费者对实体店铺和网络渠道的售后服务的满意度均较低。     

消费者网络购物的主要影响因素研究

实证研究发现,在供给方面的主要影响因素中,网络购物安全可靠性对消费者的购买意愿及实际购买支出的影响最大,网络购物优势只对消费者基本生活物品的购买意愿有影响,网络商店形象只对消费者文化娱乐物品的购买意愿有影响.在需求方的主要影响因素中,消费者向供给方维权积极性对其文化娱乐物品的购买意愿有影响,消费者收入对其实际购买支出有较强影响.根据这些发现提出相应的促进消费者网络购物的策略.     

消费者对网上购物的风险认知及影响因素

风险认知是影响消费者网上购物的重要因素。网上购物的风险,主要包括财务风险、性能风险、身体风险、时间风险、隐私风险、心理风险和社会风险等维度。影响消费者网上购物风险认知的因素,主要有网络使用经验、网上购物经历、产品知识、创新性等。采取一些适当的措施,可以有效地降低网上购物的风险认知。     

因子分析在消费者购买行为分析中的应用

多种购买方式并存情况下,消费者购买行为及其影响因素变得越来越复杂。本文运用SPSS对抽样调查数据进行因子分析,结果表明消费者的文化程度、年龄对其选择购买方式影响显著,网上购物消费者与传统购物方式消费者对购买渠道的要求存在差异。获取消费信任成为电视购物面临的最大困难。文章最后对发展我国多种购买方式发展提出四点建议。     

消费者网络购物影响因素分析

随着互联网业的发展,网络经济迅速发展壮大,网络购物已经成为消费者购买商品的一个重要渠道。把握消费者网络购物的影响因素,是学术界和网络商店经营者亟待解决的一个问题。本文从研究网络购物的特点出发,通过分析网络购物的过程,进而提出影响消费者网络购物的因素。     

Shopping value in online auctions: Their antecedents and outcomes

Online auctions present unique characteristics in the consumer decision-making process that raise new issues related to consumer shopping behaviors in auction-based purchases. The present research examined the relationship between consumer characteristics (i.e., compulsive buying behavior, variety-seeking tendency, and price sensitivity) and shopping value (i.e., utilitarian and hedonic) in online auctions and found that both compulsive buying behavior and variety-seeking tendency are critical factors of shopping value in the online auction environment. There were no positive relationships between price sensitivity and shopping value. The results of this study also revealed that consumers’ shopping value positively influenced their preference, which, in turn, formed behavioral intentions in online auctions. While utilitarian value was found to be a significant predictor of behavioral intentions, hedonic value was not. However, hedonic value influenced intentions indirectly through preference.     

The influence of sharing versus self-use on the preference for different types of promotional offers

Sharing, which refers to giving something you have to someone else, is one of the most ubiquitous forms of human behavior in the world. Everyone experiences it in various situations, including buying food. Nonetheless, although buying something to share with others is quite common in our daily lives, most consumer research on buying focuses on the condition of “self-use” rather than “sharing.” The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of promotional offers on consumers' purchase decisions when buying food for self-use/sharing with others. The authors conducted four experiments to answer the main research questions. The results indicated that consumers prefer “price discounts” over “bonus packs” when the shopping task relates to self-use due to their concern about “loss reduction.” In contrast, they prefer bonus packs over price discounts when the shopping task relates to sharing with others because of their focus on “extra gains.” In addition, consumers’ perceived responsibility is a moderator. When perceived responsibility is low and the purchase is for self-use (sharing with others), price discounts (bonus pack) are favored over bonus packs (price discounts). However, when perceived responsibility is high, consumer preference to promotional offers are not significant different either in self-use or sharing with others condition. It seems that role of responsibility is influential when the shopping task relates to self-use. This study not only contributes to a deeper understanding of consumer psychology but will also be beneficial to practitioners in designing effective promotional strategies that consider motives for food shopping.     

Understanding consumers’ multichannel choices across the different stages of the buying process

This article provides a more integrative approach toward channel choice than previous research by considering all stages of the buying process (search, purchase, and after-sales), and by taking channel attributes, experience, and spillover effects into account when examining consumers?? channel choice intentions. The authors show that such an integrative perspective is important as channel attributes, experience, and spillover matter for consumers?? channel choices in all stages of the buying process. Notably, the study stresses the importance of channel experience and spillover effects for explaining consumers?? channel choice intentions in the different stages of the buying process. Channel experience effects occur when using the channel increases the likelihood that the consumer will use the very same channel on the next occasion. Spillover effects result when the likelihood of using a channel in one stage of the buying process affects the likelihood of choosing that channel in another stage. The results show that both effects influence consumers?? channel choice intentions over and above channel attributes. Importantly, the model results strongly pledge for studying attribute, experience, and spillover effects simultaneously.     

Die Armen zahlen mehr — ein vernachlässigtes Problem der Verbraucherpolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland?

Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, daß es auch in der BRD etliche empirische Indizien gibt, welche für die aus den USA bakannte These «die Armen zahlen mehr» sprechen. Nach einer kurzen Erläuterung dieser These sowie der sie stützenden Einzelhypothesen und der Erörterung der dafür sprechenden empirischen Indizien in der BRD, wird schließlich die Frage aufgeworfen, ob die Verbraucherpolitik in der BRD nicht stärker auf die besonderen Probleme sozial schwacher Konsumenten ausgerichtet werden soll, um damit zugleich in Übereinstimmung mit sozialpolitischen Zielsetzungen deren Lebenslage zu verbessern.

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The poor pay more — an ignored problem of consumer policy in the Federal Republic of Germany

The aim of this article is to focus the attention of consumer research and consumer policy in West Germany on the special disadvantages of low-income consumers. These disadvantages are well known in U. S. consumer and poverty research since the pioneering study in this field by Caplovitz (The Poor Pay More) but seem to be still largely ignored in West Germany.Surveying the available empirical knowledge on income differences and consumer behaviour in West Germany, four main factors can be identified which cause low-income consumers to pay more for the same goods (T₁), or to get goods of lower quality, i.e., less value for the same amount of money (T₂), than better-off middle-class consumers do.Firstly, in West Germany as in other western countries, low-income consumers, especially low-educated consumers, seem to be less informed than better educated middle-class consumers about market conditions, shopping opportunities, prices, and quality of goods. So they may have a greater risk of uneconomical buying. Remarkably, low-income consumers do not utilize the consumer's advice bureau or consumer information offered by the Stiftung Warentest to the extent that middle-class consumers do.Secondly, low-income consumers more frequently than middle-class consumers shop for food and daily necessities in small stores in their neighbourhood, more often buying in small quantities. Shopping in this way, goods are more expensive than by buying larger quantities in supermarkets or discount-stores. Interviews with low-income consumers in Munich (Studiengruppe für Sozialforschung, 1974) showed that this particular shopping behaviour is not mainly due to the lack of market information or to a preference by low-income consumers for personal contacts at shopping, as is sometimes maintained, but rather stems from budget restrictions which prevent large-scale buying, and from transportation problems facing low-income consumers without an automobile, especially in urban low-income areas and in rural settlements without discount-stores or the like.Thirdly, there is some evidence to suggest that low-income consumers in West Germany more frequently buy on instalment credit, which is supposed to be more costly than cash-payments or banking credits preferred by middle-class consumers.Fourthly, there is some empirical evidence in West Germany that low-income consumers, mostly low-educated, in contrast to middle-class consumers largely lack consumer know-how and shopping sophistication. So it can be assumed that low-income consumers are more frequently caught in unplanned and unfavourable purchases by persuasion of salesmen or pedlars. Presumably they also, more often than middle-class consumers, abstarin from taking action when dissatisfied. It is worth nothing, though, that the latest empirical findings in West Germany do not support the widespread view that low-income consumers do less household planning and budgeting and therefore more frequently do uneconomical shopping than middle-class consumers. Indeed, in the incidence of household planning in the country there seems to be no significant differences by income level. As strict household planning in West Germany is generally rare, in this respect one may only presume that many poor consumers pay more than would be necessary by careful income spending (T₃).Referring to these findings, the recommendation is made that public consumer policy in the Federal Republic of Germany to an increasing extent should face up to the disadvantages of low-income consumers and attempt to contribute to the reduction of real-income poverty. As scientific knowledge on this issue is still very sparse in West Germany, the article closes with a demand for further research in the field.

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Hermann Scherl ist wissenschaftlicher Assistent am Institut für Staats-und Versicherungswissenschaft der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (D — 8520 Erlangen, Kochstraße 4).     

Untangling the relationships between consumer characteristics,shopping values,and behavioral intention in online group buying

This study examines the link among consumer characteristics (price-sensitive behavior, variety-seeking behavior, and compulsive buying behavior), shopping values (utilitarian and hedonic shopping values), and behavioral intention in online group buying (OGB). This study tests usable responses collected by means of mall-intercept systematic sampling from consumers who previously participated in OGB. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data and test the hypothesized relationships. Findings suggest that price-sensitive and variety-seeking behaviors are significantly related to utilitarian shopping value, whereas price-sensitive, variety-seeking, and compulsive buying behaviors are significantly related to hedonic shopping value. Both utilitarian and hedonic shopping values significantly influence consumers’ OGB intentions. For a successful OGB strategy, Internet marketers and site operators should emphasize the utilitarian shopping value of price saving and selection and introduce the hedonic shopping values of promotions and sensory experiences. This study provides a link between two streams of prior research – that is, consumer characteristics and shopping values. Furthermore, it validates an empirical model whose results can help business practitioners make better-informed marketing management decisions for OGB and help academics and consumers better understand OGB behavior.     

Building Shopping Arousal through Direct Marketing in Retail Environment

This article attempts to analyze behavioral drivers which influence consumers’ leisure shopping behavior and measure customer value through empirical investigation in Mexico. The study reveals that outsourced salespeople significantly stimulate customer interest toward buying products and trigger shopping arousal. Product attractiveness and pre-purchase arousal generated by the sales promoters influences consumer buying decisions. The study reveals that pre-purchase arousal is felt by the consumers through product advertisements, inter-personal communications, and product simulations provided by the sales promoters. Consumers experience post-purchase arousal as an extended benefit associated with purchase of the product.     

Enhancing Poultry Industry Competitiveness: Consumer Perspective on Chicken Meat Quality Based on Sensory Characteristics

The increasing demand for chicken meat has caused producers to increase their productivity through enhanced production techniques. Further increase in demand for quality meat products has been predicted in the country. This study seeks to investigate factors that influence consumer perception toward chicken meat quality. Face-to-face interviews were carried out with 569 consumers at selected shopping malls located in Klang Valley areas. The majority of the respondents perceived quality as an important criterion for buying decisions. The finding revealed that nine factors have influenced consumer perception on meat quality, namely color, size, springiness, chicken aroma, fatty/oily taste, sweetness, visible fat, tenderness, and fibrousness. Among these factors, tenderness was found to be the most important criterion that influenced consumer preference toward chicken meat quality during buying decisions. Good production practices and proper marketing strategies are among recommendations to poultry industry players toward fulfilling consumer demand for good quality chicken meat.     

Inflation-induced adaptive behavior

Periods of rapidly rising prices are seen by many as cyclical and pervasive phenomena in modern day economic systems. When rapid price increases occur, they are likely to induce adaptive behavior on the part of consumers. This article reports on a study seeking to analyze consumer inflation-induced adaptive behavior as it relates to three food-related consumer activities–food buying, preparation, and consumption. Results indicate that consumers, in general, attempt to adjust to the changing economic environment in several ways: they exercise more care and planning in food shopping, are more price sensitive and price conscious, are willing to sacrifice convenience but not quality, and try to maintain their usual level of food consumption and food habits. Results also indicate that inflation leads to greater adaptive behavior on the part of lower income consumers.     

基于TAM的消费者网络团购态度影响的实证研究

伴随着团购网站Groupon在美国的巨大成功,从2010年3月开始,国内掀起了空前的团购热潮,在不到一年的时间里,已由"百团大战"上升到"千团大战"。团购网站如何在这场声势浩大的角逐之中吸引消费者,取得长足发展成为了当前最应该关注的问题。而消费者对网络团购的态度直接决定了其是否会进行网络团购以及选择哪家团购网站。因此有必要对网络团购态度的影响因素进行研究,识别出影响消费者网络团购态度的主要因素。本研究以参加过网络团购或未参加过但对网络团购有了解的人群为调研对象,结合SPSS13.0和AMOS17.0对数据进行了分析和模型检验,以此探讨影响消费者网络团购态度的因素。实证结果表明:感知网络团购有用、感知网络团购易用及感知网络团购风险是影响消费者网络团购态度的关键因素;除娱乐导向外,其他购物导向均会显著影响感知有用或感知风险变量;而人口统计特征对网络团购态度无显著影响。     

The effect of COVID-19 on consumer shopping behaviour: Generational cohort perspective

The purpose of this research is to contribute to an understanding of the trends and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer buying behaviour. The results document changes in consumer behaviour patterns that came to dominate at the start of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey using an online panel in a selected country was conducted to identify how consumers from the Baby Boomers, X and Y generations changed their shopping behaviour and which needs they gave preference to during the pandemic crisis in relation to their fears. Using a multiple regression analysis, we demonstrated that fear appeal (fears for health and economic fears) are associated with the changes in customer behaviour and influence traditional and online shopping related to COVID-19. The findings demonstrate significant differences as well as similarities in consumer behaviour between generations. Through empirical investigation, this research supports and expands generation cohort theory in relation to changes in consumer behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic from a Central European perspective, and provides useful information for researchers and practitioners, particularly for retailers and marketers, to implement appropriate strategies.