How Country and Safety-Net Characteristics Affect Bank Risk-Shifting

Risk-shifting occurs when creditors or guarantors are exposed to loss without receiving adequate compensation. This paper seeks to measure and compare how well authorities in 56 countries controlled bank risk shifting during the 1990s. Although significant risk-shifting occurs on average, substantial variation exists in the effectiveness of risk control across countries. We find that the tendency for explicit deposit insurance to exacerbate risk shifting is tempered by incorporating loss-control features such as risk-sensitive premiums, coverage limits, and coinsurance. Introducing explicit deposit insurance has had adverse effects in environments that are low in political and economic freedom and high in corruption.     

FINANCIAL LITERACY AND PENSION INVESTMENT DECISIONS

The call for enhanced financial literacy amongst consumers is a global phenomenon, driven by the growing complexity of financial markets and products, and government concerns about the affordability of supporting an ageing population. Worldwide, defined benefit pensions are giving way to the risk and uncertainty of defined contribution superannuation/pension funds where fund members now make choices and decisions that were once made on their behalf. An important prerequisite for informed financial decision‐making is adequate financial knowledge and skills to make competent investment decisions. This paper reports the findings of an online survey of the members of a large Australian public sector‐based superannuation fund and shows that although respondents generally understand basic financial matters, on average, their understanding of investments concepts, such as the relationship between risk and returns, is inadequate. These results highlight the need for education programs focusing specifically on developing fund members’ investment knowledge and skills to facilitate informed retirement savings decisions.     

金融高管道德风险的成因与防范探析

高管道德风险已经成为危及我国金融稳定的重大风险隐患.究其原因,价值观缺失、道德败坏是高管道德风险形成的内在决定性因素;不合理薪酬激励、信息不对称、权力失监是引发风险的外在重要因素;责任追究不力、惩戒不足是风险发展的推动因素.本文对高管道德风险的形成机理、原因进行了探析,并依此提出了政策建议.     

关于建立我国存款保险制度的研究

入世后,我国金融业对外开放日益扩大,竞争越来越激烈,金融风险不断增加,因此,建立存款保险制度势在必行。但如何构建我国的存款保险制度,以有效发挥存款机构的作用,是目前我国亟待解决的问题。     

基于道德风险视角的资本类逆周期监管工具的比较分析

2007—2009年的全球金融风暴使监管者最终认识到宏观审慎管理的重要性,其主要目的是缓解顺周期问题。然而,我们认为宏观审慎管理可以兼顾"大而不能倒"的金融机构引发的道德风险问题。本文对这一问题做了初步性的探索,结论为:时间可变的资本充足率不能很好地解决"大而不能倒"的金融机构所面临的道德风险问题;或有资本可以部分解决金融机构的道德风险问题;救助保险基金能够很好地解决道德风险问题。     

金融机构多层委托——代理关系的道德风险模型分析

道德风险问题是我国金融业普遍存在的问题,许多金融案件的发生无不与金融从业人员的职业道德水平有关.而目前金融系统实行的多层级委托代理经营管理模式存在制度缺陷和道德风险隐患.     

机关事业单位养老保险改革对于财政支付压力的影响分析——以中小学教师为例

2015年,国务院出台一系列文件启动了机关事业单位养老保险制度的改革工作,其目的在于破除双轨制,建立起更为公平、可持续的养老保险制度。然而,改革无疑面临着诸多问题与阻碍,均需要有关部门予以应对、解决。基于此,本文通过选取某一中小学教师群体作为研究标的,模拟测算出了改革与不改革情况下财政所要承担的支付压力的变化情况,并就工资增长率、投资收益率和账户做实程度等变量进行了关于财政负担变化的敏感性分析。研究表明,进行机关事业单位养老保险制度改革具有制度的优越性与可持续性,且合理的工资增长率等配套措施安排将有助于财政压力的进一步降低。最后,在上述结论的基础上,本文提出了明确改革思路、注重配套措施、合理设定工资增长率、安全地进行市场化投资运营、注重与企业职工的养老待遇公平等建议。     

国外养老基金投资规则与绩效的比较

由于政治和人口老龄化对传统的现收现付体制带来的财政压力，养老基金制度改革已经成为一个全球性课题。在一些国家，由于对部分或全部基金型养老基金投资限制的改革，不仅使养老基金行业受益，而且对资本市场发展也产生了积极的影响。本文通过对不同投资监管制度下养老基金投资绩效差异和对资本市场不同影响的分析，探讨中国养老基金投资监管制度的改革方向和政策选择。     

美国投资银行业务变迁及其成因分析

20世纪70年代以来,美国投资银行的业务范围不断扩大,业务综合化经营特征明显。投资银行的业务变迁主要受金融市场竞争格局和监管理念的变化、金融理论的发展以及现代信息技术的进步等因素的影响。目前,美国投资银行能够提供全方位的金融服务,增强了投资银行的盈利能力以及在世界范围内的竞争力。但是,业务变迁中的风险因素和风险积累却成为危机爆发的隐患。     

A Note on Selecting a Response Measure for Financial Distress

Since 1966, researchers have examined financial distress prediction models to determine the usefulness of accounting information to lenders. These researchers primarily used legal bankruptcy as the response variable for economic financial distress, or included legal bankruptcy with other events in dichotomous prediction models. However, theoretical models of financial distress normally define financial distress as an economic event, the inability to pay debts when due (insolvency). This study uses a loan default/accommodation response variable as a proxy for the inability to pay debts when due. The purpose of this note is to empirically test whether or not using the inability of a firm to pay debts when due, loan default/accommodation, as a response measure produces different results than using legal bankruptcy as the response measure. The study's empirical results show that legal bankruptcy and loan default/accommodation financial distress prediction models produce different statistical results, thus suggesting that the responses measure different constructs. A loan default/accommodation model also fits the data better than a bankrupt model. Our results suggest that a loan default/accommodation response may be a more appropriate measure to determine which accounting information is most useful to lenders in evaluating a firm's credit risk.     

Asian Financial Crisis.Prologue and the Case of Thailand

We suggest that the Asian financial crisis began because of theinconsistent exchange rate system and miss-management within Thailand. We showthat prior tothe Asian financial crisis the Thai Baht against the Yen followed the theoryofpurchasing power parity but the Baht against the U.S. Dollar did not. We givebriefsummaries of the papers included in this issue.     

商业银行投资模式的拓展

当前,商业银行以越来越快的步伐拓展自己的投资业务。借鉴发达国家经验,我国商业银行拓展投资业务主要应从改变商业银行投资管理模式、丰富金融产品、提高商业银行投资市场的流动性、完善商业银行投资的信用风险和定价机制等方面入手。     

国民养老金制度的可行性研究——基于财政负担规模的测度

建立国民养老金制度是中国养老金多支柱改革和实现城乡统一的社会养老保险制度的内在要求和突破口。论文从财务可持续性的角度,在人口预测的基础上测度了国民养老金在中国实行的财政负担规模,评估结论显示国民养老金在中国具有可行性,并在此基础上进而提出了中国多支柱养老金制度体系的改革设想,建立由\"国民养老金+个人账户养老金+职业年金\"的大一统的城乡社会养老保险制度。