闽台农产品贸易结构分析与对策研究

本文选取2000—2009年闽台农产品贸易数据,借助Gruble-Lloyd产业内贸易指数、Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数以及Thom&McDowell垂直型和水平型边际产业内贸易指数,从整体和分类两个层面对闽台农产品贸易结构的状况进行研究。研究结果表明:闽台农产品存在产业内贸易和产业间贸易两种形式,以产业间贸易为主,贸易结构上有明显的互补性;贸易结构的变动主要是产业间贸易引起的,并呈增强态势;产业内贸易方式主要是垂直型产业内贸易。基于研究结果,提出了优化闽台农产品贸易结构的对策建议。     

中国与巴西农产品产业内贸易实证研究

中国与巴西农产品贸易发展迅速,中国出现大量的农产品贸易逆差。本文利用格鲁贝尔—洛伊德指数、布吕哈特边际产业内贸易指数以及汤姆和麦克杜威尔水平和垂直产业内贸易指数对两国的农产品产业内贸易水平进行分析,得出两国间的农产品产业内贸易水平较低,主要的贸易形式为产业间贸易。最后本文给出了相关的建议,以期企业能得到最大的贸易利益。     

中日农产品产业内贸易实证研究

本文运用静态产业内贸易指数(Static GL index)和边际产业内贸易指数(MIIT index)对2001年至2012年中日农产品贸易数据进行分析,实证研究了中日两国农产品的产业内贸易分布现状,研究结果表明:双边农产品贸易具有明显的产业间贸易特点,只有少数的农产品如水果、坚果、蜜糖及烟草保持了良好的产业内贸易水平,特别是自2007年金融危机以来,几乎是完全的产业间贸易;日本农产品的竞争力水平日益提升,对中国农产品的出口威胁加重。     

我国海峡两岸农产品产业内贸易的实证分析

本文选取2001—2006年我国海峡两岸农产品贸易数据,利用G-L指数和B指数从整体和分类两个层面对我国海峡两岸间农产品的产业内贸易状况进行了实证分析,并得出以下结论：我国海峡两岸农产品以产业间贸易为主,产业内贸易水平较低,且在贸易结构上具有较明显的互补性;2001—2006年我国海峡两岸间的贸易变动主要由产业间贸易引起。在此基础上,提出今后两岸农产品产业内贸易的发展方向。     

中越两国农产品产业内贸易的实证研究

随着中国一东盟自贸区建设进程的不断推进,中国与东盟之间的双边贸易呈上升趋势,给中国和东盟各国均带来难得的发展机遇。越南作为中国南部的重要邻国和东盟的重要成员,是中国走向东盟市场的重要桥梁。农产品贸易与农业交流合作是中国东盟自由贸易区建设的重点。文章结合中越两国农产品贸易的发展现状,运用Grubel-Lloyd指数、Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数对中越两国农产品产业内贸易进行了分析,并提出了发展我国与越南农产品产业内贸易的对策建议。     

中美农产品产业内贸易研究

本文主要从产业内分工的角度出发,通过产业内贸易指数、Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数、贸易竞争力指数和AE法,对中美农产品产业内贸易发展现状、中国农产品对美竞争力状况和中美产业内贸易结构等进行实证分析,并根据相应的结论得出不断提高两国农产品产业内贸易水平、改善农产品贸易结构的启示。     

中日农产品贸易发展动态与互补性分析

本文选取1990-2012年UN Comtrade贸易数据为样本,采用贸易强度指数、贸易互补指数、贸易专业化指数等指标,对中日农产品贸易强度和贸易互补性进行分析,发现两国农产品贸易联系紧密,中国在日本农产品贸易出口中的地位更加显著;较强互补关系主要由个别农产品所致;产业间贸易占主导地位,产业内贸易水平较低。本文认为,尽管日本对部分农产品设置了非常高的关税壁垒,但中日农产品的贸易联系仍然紧密,今后中日两国应加强农业合作和相互投资,扩大互补性农产品出口,提高双边农产品贸易的可持续性。     

中国农产品产业内贸易影响因素的实证研究

本文首先运用Grubel-Lloyd计量法和GHM分解法对1997—2008年中国农产品产业内贸易以及垂直型和水平型农产品产业内贸易水平分别加以测度,然后运用面板数据从国家层面对中国农产品产业内贸易影响因素进行了实证研究。结果表明:人均收入差距、外商直接投资、农产品贸易不平衡、贸易伙伴的贸易开放度是影响中国农产品产业内贸易的主要国家层面因素;区域优惠贸易安排、地理距离、市场规模因素对中国农产品产业内贸易发展也有不容忽视的影响。     

中美农产品产业内贸易研究

入世以来,中美之间的贸易额急剧增加,中国已经成为美国第3大农产品进口国,农产品贸易在两国经济往来中占有特殊的地位.近年来,中美农产品贸易不断呈现新的特点,同类(种)产品贸易也呈现出迅猛发展态势.这种以产业内贸易为特征的贸易模式也成为推动中美贸易增长的重要因素.本论文在综述国内外相关学术文献和研究成果,探讨有关产业内贸易理论研究的基础上,阐述中国与美国农产品贸易发展的政策背景、结构变动及存在的主要问题,并采用各种产业内贸易指数对中美农产品产业内贸易发展进行全面分析,并提出有利于中国农产品产业内贸易发展的有效政策和建议.     

中美农产品产业内贸易研究

入世以来，中美之间的贸易额急剧增加，中国已经成为美国第3大农产品进口国，农产品贸易在两国经济往来中占有特殊的地位。近年来，中美农产品贸易不断呈现新的特点，同类（种）产品贸易也呈现出迅猛发展态势。这种以产业内贸易为特征的贸易模式也成为推动中美贸易增长的重要因素。本论文在综述国内外相关学术文献和研究成果，探讨有关产业内贸易理论研究的基础上，阐述中国与美国农产品贸易发展的政策背景、结构变动及存在的主要问题，并采用各种产业内贸易指数对中美农产品产业内贸易发展进行全面分析，并提出有利于中国农产品产业内贸易发展的有效政策和建议。     

闽台农产品贸易互补性研究

闽台农产品贸易是海峡两岸农业合作与交流的重要内容。本文借助增长率、贸易结合度、RCA指数、贸易互补度对闽台农产品贸易进行分析。研究结果表明,闽台农产品贸易关系密切,这种密切的贸易联系不是缘于两地农产品间存在着贸易互补关系。分析影响闽台农产品贸易的因素,提出两地考虑产业分工与合作,构建和谐贸易模式,共同提高农产品的国际竞争力。     

论中国农产品出口的区域结构与对策

20世纪90年代以来,中国农产品出口贸易增长趋缓。本文在对中国农产品区域贸易统计数据以及相关政策背景实证分析的基础上,从贸易集中度的角度辨识中国农产品贸易发展的出口区域结构与政策含义。     

我国绿色食品出口贸易中存在的问题及对策探析

20世纪90年代以来,绿色食品贸易在全球兴起并已成为人类社会可持续发展的必然选择。然而,尽管在国内绿色食品生产日益社会化、市场化、国际化的背景下,我国绿色食品已经呈现出蓬勃发展的良好态势,但出口数量和出口规模还是偏低。本文在分析我国绿色食品出口中存在的问题及原因的基础上,探索相应的对策,以期为我国绿色食品竞争优势的提升提供有益的思路。     

Open-access renewable resources and pollution: Trade and policy implications in a two-country model

We examine the interaction between the relative inter-industry pollution externality and resource stock externality of harvesting in deciding trade patterns and welfare gains from trade in a two-country model (less-developed countries) with renewable resources in the absence of resource management. This paper focuses on the impacts of trade policies on resource conservation and welfare outcomes in two countries with different environmental management regimes. Differences in pollution management standards between both countries determine the direction of trade flow and gains from trade in a diversified production case. The country with a lower pollution intensity parameter, an exporter of resource goods, certainly experiences welfare loss in the post-trade steady-state and may also suffer a decline in utility throughout the transition path. However, a country with higher pollution intensity and importers of resource goods tend to gain from trade. Under national open-access resources, given that pollution is regulated up to a certain point in both countries, this study finds that implementing better restrictions on only one externality factor is not optimal from a post-trade welfare perspective. Lastly, from the point of view of policy suggestion, this paper offers an optimal trade policy that the economic and environmental effects of enforcing import tax on resource goods are likely to be Pareto-improving consequences compared to the implications of using an export tax.     

Disentangling the migration-trade nexus: the pro-trade effects of immigrants and emigrants in the presence of vertical and horizontal product differentiation

This paper presents an exploration of the migration-trade nexus taking the case of Italy by crossing the two dimensions of migration (immigration and emigration) and the two dimensions of intra-industry trade (vertical and horizontal). This empirical strategy proves useful in refining interpretation of econometric results. In general, we find that both immigration and emigration are positively and significantly related to intra-industry trade. However, the magnitude and the statistical significance of the impact of migration on trade vary, depending on the type of trade flows considered (vertical or horizontal), the direction of migration (immigration or emigration) and the partner countries considered (OECD or non-OECD). In particular, we find that immigrants from non-OECD countries have a positive and significant impact on both ‘variety trade’ and ‘quality trade’, while immigrants from OECD countries significantly affect ‘variety trade’ only. Emigrants to non-OECD countries have positive effect only on ‘variety trade’. These findings are largely consistent with predictions deriving from theoretical models of intra-industry trade and from the literature on migration-trade nexus.     

International supply chains and trade agreements

There is a growing literature that examines the role of trade agreements on the formation of international supply chains. The evidence indicates that in general countries that share trade agreements are more likely to develope cross-border supply chains. In this analysis, we argue that in order to examine the effects of trade agreements on the formation of supply chains between two countries, it is not enough to analyse the impact of the trade agreements that the two countries share but it is also important to assess the impact of the trade agreements that they share with third countries. Using data on trade in value added for 129 countries, we show empirically that about 40% of the potential increase in trade in value added induced by a trade agreement between an importing country and a sourcing partner is wiped out by each additional trade agreement signed by the importing country with third nations in which the sourcing partner is not a member. The result has important implications for regions seeking to develop international supply chains but in which the process of integration is highly fragmented.     

从人口、资源与环境的视点看中美食品贸易

食品贸易不仅仅是保障各国食品安全,利用不同国家比较优势获得经济利益的经济活动,也是与人类健康与安全、生态环境保护和生物资源可持续利用紧密相关的一个全球性社会问题。本文从人口、资源与环境的视点,利用国际贸易的比较优势理论分析了中美食品贸易的意义,得出以下主要结论：首先,应充分利用中国的人力资源成本优势和美国的机械费用优势,发展食品贸易,提高两国人民的福利;其次,为老龄人提供营养丰富的健康食品应成为中美食品贸易发展的机会之一;再次,应充分发挥两国的自然资源禀赋优势,发展食品贸易;最后,中国将成为美国食品贸易的巨大市场,但两国间对食品质量问题有较大的认识差距,因此应在食品贸易的过程中,不断培育绿色食品理念,加强政府间交流与沟通,构建食品安全控制机制。     

Trade liberalization and institutional reforms1

The accession of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries to the European Union (EU) is expected to lead to the new member countries becoming more like the older members, including in terms of trade. In this paper, we focus on two factors promoting CEE–EU trade integration: trade liberalization and institutional reforms. Measures of trade liberalization undertaken by both parties during the 1990s were very substantial, but did not always produce the expected upsurge of regional trade flows. Much less progress has been made in improving the functioning of CEE institutions (e.g., progress in the privatization process or in reducing corruption). Countries where most important changes at the institutional level occurred were also those that most increased their trade with the EU. Comparing the impact of these two factors, we find that improving institutions in CEE countries can generate as much trade as the removal of all tariff and non‐tariff barriers. The paper also addresses the issue of the presence of reversed causality between trade and institutions, and the pro‐trade effect of institutional similarity.     

"金砖四国"中的巴西及中国-巴西双边贸易分析

巴西与中国同为金砖四国成员,巴西丰富的自然资源和迅速增长的经济发展态势是其成为发展中大国的重要资本。中国和巴西经贸关系稳步发展,然而双边贸易发展并不平衡,我国一直呈现贸易逆差。从两国的进出口商品结构,包括对贸易结合度指数、商品集中度指数以及产品的显示性比较优势指数进行分析,可以看到中巴两国进出口商品特点不同,在出口商品种类上中巴双方的互补大于竞争。这为我国发挥自身产品优势,有计划地加大对巴贸易出口提供了可能。我国应在对巴贸易中做出更准确的市场判断,制定符合市场需求的进出口策略,充分挖掘两国贸易合作的潜力。