Knowledge transfer upon repatriation

This paper proposes a conceptual framework describing important conditions under which personnel transfers result in successful ‘reverse’ knowledge transfer. We argue that effective knowledge transfer occurs when there is a fit between individual readiness to transfer knowledge and organizational receptivity to knowledge. We suggest that, in order to achieve such a fit, multinational enterprises (MNEs) need to match the level of intensity of their knowledge transfer mechanisms to the type of knowledge gained abroad. Further, they must promote repatriate motivation to act as agents of knowledge and competence transfer through providing career development initiatives that would satisfy repatriate career aspirations. The paper outlines a number of practical issues that MNEs need to consider when designing appropriate mechanisms for capturing, retaining, and integrating the knowledge gained by their repatriates.     

Repatriate knowledge transfer: Antecedents and boundary conditions of a dyadic process

In this study, we build on the ability-motivation-opportunity framework to test whether both repatriates’ disseminative capacity and domestic employees’ absorptive capacity as well as their opportunities for interaction affect repatriate knowledge transfer. Further, we examine the moderating effects of two distinctive factors associated with repatriate knowledge transfer: repatriate knowledge characteristics and characteristics of international assignments. Using multi-source time-lagged data from 101 dyads, we find support for most of our hypotheses. Our study contributes to theory and practice by providing an integrated analysis of antecedents and boundary conditions of repatriate knowledge transfer and by highlighting its dyadic nature.     

Retail career attractiveness to college students: Connecting individual characteristics to the trade-off of job attributes

This study examines how U.S. business college students evaluate the attractiveness of potential job opportunities by making trade-offs among important job attributes. Using a conjoint approach, we examine the relative importance of industry type, starting salary, five-year salary, training, benefits, and work-life balance in job choice decisions. We also examine the effects of job applicants' career expectations and core competencies on their job choice determinants. An analysis of 162 business students' evaluations of 27 job profiles indicates that five-year-salary outweighs all other attributes. Their career expectations and core competencies have a substantial influence on their ensuing job choice. We suggest recruitment strategies to target recent college graduates with consideration of individuals' different career expectations and core competencies.     

Antecedents of repatriates' job satisfaction and its influence on turnover intentions: Evidence from Spanish repatriated managers

Executives in today's business world are increasingly conscious that the competitive advantage of international companies rests upon unique global knowledge and experience. Consequently, the retention of executives with these skills is one of the main concerns of international organizations. Dissatisfaction with the job assigned after expatriation is an important determinant of the repatriation failure rates. This study explores this relation as well as the antecedents of job satisfaction among a sample of 81 Spanish repatriated managers. Findings: job satisfaction relates to turnover and the position assigned to the repatriates on their return, as well as the accuracy of their expectations, influences their job satisfaction. The article discusses implications for practitioners and scholars.     

The Effect of Career Plateau on Chinese Employees＇ Affective Commitment： An Indigenous Career Plateau Scale and Two-Mediator Model

The two-dimensional （hierarchical and job content） model have been predominating the extant career plateau literature. However, based on Schein＇s cone-shaped organizational mobility model, we contend that stagnation in organizational centrality （inclusive plateau） may be another dimension of career plateau. Furthermore, grounded in social exchange theory and need-satisfaction models, we aim to examine the effects of career plateau on affective commitment and underlying mechanisms. In Study 1, based on a sample of 219 employees from different professions, we developed a primary validation of our three- dimensional career plateau scale. In Study 2, we examined our hypothesized model with another dataset of 288 employees. The results suggest that job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between the job content plateau, the inclusive plateau and affective commitment. The analysis demonstrates that the specific indirect effect of job content plateauing and inclusion on affective commitment through intrinsic job satisfaction was greater than through extrinsic job satisfaction. However, the hypothesis regarding the relationship between hierarchical plateau and affective commitment was not supported, when another two dimensions of career plateau were added to the model. Our findings provide some theoretical and practical implications.     

Linking resources to career satisfaction through work–family enrichment

Using the work–family enrichment (WFE) model and social exchange theory as the theoretical underpinnings, our study investigates WFE as a mediator of the effects of material resources (i.e. salary, job security) as well as psychological resources (i.e. self-esteem) on career satisfaction. Our study gathered data from frontline employees (FLEs) in small- and medium-sized hotels in Delhi, the capital city of India, and gauged the aforementioned relationships through partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results suggest that FLEs’ satisfaction with salary and job security needs fosters WFE that in turn gives rise to satisfaction with their career in the organisation. The results also suggest that FLEs’ satisfaction with esteem needs stimulates WFE that in turn engenders career satisfaction. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of the empirical findings in the paper.     

Job dissatisfaction of the self-employed in Indonesia

In developed countries, the self-employed have been found to be more satisfied with their jobs than paid employees. We found the exact opposite for a developing country after analyzing 8732 respondents in the Indonesian Family Life Survey. The job dissatisfaction of the self-employed was not fully explained by earnings, personal traits, job characteristics, anticipation, or adaptation, but mostly by segregation into a small number of industries with few job benefits. This finding is consistent with the dual labor market theory. We also found that among the self-employed, those with the highest probability of being paid employees were the least satisfied. Paid employment was highly sought after in developing countries, and these were presumably self-employed workers with high abilities. This finding cannot be explained by the dual labor market theory alone. To explain this inconsistency, we enriched this theory with relative deprivation. Our results suggest that the existence of the dual labor market and relative deprivation are important determinants of the job satisfaction of the self-employed in developing countries.     

Procedural justice in promotion decisions of managerial staff in Malaysia

Previous research indicates that procedural justice in promotion decisions has affected employees' organizational commitment, intent to leave and career satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of procedural justice in promotion decisions on managers' commitment, specifically organizational commitment, intent to leave, career satisfaction and job performance in multinational companies in Malaysia. Data were obtained from a sample of managers with more than 10 years of service in the organization through in-depth interviews. The findings show that perceived procedural injustice in promotion decisions have an unfavourable impact on employee commitment, job performance and career satisfaction. The intent to leave is also higher, especially among young managerial staff.     

Fashion opinion leadership among working and non-working women

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine fashion opinion leadership among working and non-working women. Data were collected by mail survey from 630 working and non-working women in the USA. Employment orientation (i.e. viewing work as either a job or a career) and satisfaction with career apparel were investigated among working women to determine whether there are differences in these dimensions between fashion leaders and fashion followers. Results contradict earlier studies by indicating that fashion opinion leadership among working and non-working women is independent of education and income. Fashion opinion leadership among working women is independent of occupational level. Whether one works in a managerial position or a service position, or one considers work to be a job or a career, has no significant effect on fashion opinion leadership. Fashion opinion leaders among working women demonstrated greater satisfaction with career apparel and were younger than their fashion follower counterparts. Fashion leadership, regardless of work status, was found to be a strong determinant of apparel satisfaction for all women. The results suggest that the effect of being a fashion opinion leader may be greater when considering apparel that is more salient to the wearer.     

Workplace ostracism and turnover intention: A moderated mediation model of job insecurity and coaching leadership

Workplace ostracism is prevalent and has profound consequences for both organizations and individuals. Based on the conservation of resources and job demands–resources theories, we propose a moderated mediation model to examine when and how workplace ostracism induces employee turnover intentions in China. We collected 214 valid questionnaires from a two-wave survey conducted in 28 Chinese hotels. The results indicate that workplace ostracism is positively associated with employees' turnover intentions. Moreover, this relationship is mediated by job insecurity and is stronger when coaching leadership is low. These findings shed light on the role of job insecurity and coaching leadership in the relationship and the importance of mitigating the destructive effects of workplace ostracism. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Building the bottom line by developing the frontline: Career development for service employees

Service firms must remember that the way they treat their employees is exactly how those employees will, in turn, treat customers. As such, taking good care of frontline personnel should be a top management concern. One way that service employees can be shown they are valued members of the organization entails the implementation of thoughtful and organized career development programs, initiatives which help increase employees’ job satisfaction and feelings of empowerment in their customer-facing roles. Before they can become enthusiastic about meeting the needs of their customers, employees have to feel that their own needs are being met within the organization. In this regard, firm investment in frontline employee career development programs will be money well spent: they are capable of reducing employee turnover and increasing customer satisfaction, loyalty, and profitability. This article provides a conceptual model of career development which should prove useful to service managers in evaluating their own career development efforts. Also presented herein is a framework for tying together many disparate areas of career development that have heretofore been handled separately in the services literature.     

Unlocking the careers of business professionals following job loss: sensemaking and career exploration of older workers

While acknowledging the well established negative aspects of job loss, we present an alternative perspective by exploring the potentially positive outcomes of losing one's job. Drawing on an in depth analysis of qualitative data gathered from thirty interviews with older middle managers in Canada, we explore the mechanisms through which job loss is experienced as a “blessing in disguise”. We consider how individuals make sense of their experience of job loss and how they use career exploration in their framing of job loss and as an opportunity for self‐fulfillment. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hospital career management systems and their effects on the psychological state and career attitudes of nurses

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of organizational career management efforts on the emotional states and to investigate how such emotional states shape the employees’ career attitudes. By investigating the responses from 280 nurses, we tested our research model through the structural equation modeling-based analysis. The results confirmed the effects of job rotation and assessment among the elements of the career management system on emotional states. The effects of emotional states on career attitudes—career commitment, career withdrawal, and turnover intention—were also revealed from data analysis.     

Work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior: the role of job satisfaction and decision authority

Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, Am Psychol 44:513–524, 1989), social exchange theory (Blau, Exchange and power in social life, 1964) and the job demand-control model (Karasek, Adm Sci Q 24:285–308, 1979), this study uncovers the theoretical mechanism that explains the relationship between work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). First, this study focuses on how employee job satisfaction mediates the relationship. Then, we investigate the moderating role of decision authority in the mediated relationship. We employ three-wave data collected from 324 employees in 102 teams to test our hypotheses. Results of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) first shows that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between work interference with family (WIF) and OCB. In addition, employees’ decision authority moderates the direct effect of WIF on OCB. Specifically, the negative relationship between WIF and OCB is stronger when employees’ decision authority is high. Moreover, decision authority moderates the indirect effect of WIF on OCB via job satisfaction. Specifically, the negative relationship between WIF and job satisfaction is weaker when employees’ decision authority is high. The results suggest that organizations should give employees enough decision authority over their work, as a high level of decision authority may act as a double-edged sword regarding critical organizational outcomes.     

Work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior: the role of job satisfaction and decision authority

Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, Am Psychol 44:513–524, 1989), social exchange theory (Blau, Exchange and power in social life, 1964)and the job demand-control model (Karasek, Adm Sci Q 24:285–308, 1979), this studyuncovers the theoretical mechanism that explains the relationship between workfamily conflict and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). First, this study focuses on how employee job satisfaction mediates the relationship. Then, we investigate the moderating role of decision authority in the mediated relationship. We employ three-wave data collected from 324 employees in 102 teams to test our hypotheses. Results of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) first shows that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between work interference with family (WIF) and OCB. In addition, employees’ decision authority moderates the direct effect of WIF on OCB. Specifically, the negative relationship between WIF and OCB is stronger when employees’ decision authority is high. Moreover, decision authority moderates the indirect effect of WIF on OCB via job satisfaction. Specifically, the negative relationship between WIF and job satisfaction is weaker when employees’ decision authority is high. The results suggest that organizations should give employees enough decision authority over their work, as a high level of decision authority may act as a double-edged sword regarding critical organizational outcomes.     

Crafting solutions to leadership demands for well-being and effectiveness

Leadership is a prominent function within organizations and social entities, and research suggests leadership that is more active tends to be more effective. However, emerging research contends that more active leadership can place stressful demands on leaders, which can jeopardize their well-being and eventual effectiveness. In this article, we draw from research on job demands, job resources, and stress coping to outline an applied framework of leader strain management. The model explains how leadership demands (i.e., the challenges/hindrances leaders face) can influence leader strains (i.e., negative implications of the demands) and how leader resources (i.e., tangible/intangible assets) can be leveraged through coping activities to resolve demands or reduce strains. We propose five guidelines for leaders seeking to balance engaging their leadership responsibilities with maintaining their well-being and sustaining their effectiveness over time.     

工作重塑对工作投入的影响：基于优势比较分析方法

文章旨在探讨三维工作重塑量表与四维工作重塑量表、同一量表不同维度对工作投入相对解释力。采用问卷调查,以327名员工为被试,运用回归分析、优势比较分析对假设进行检验。结果表明：(1)任务重塑、认知重塑与工作投入显著正相关,关系重塑与工作投入不相关,且任务重塑、认知重塑与关系重塑对工作投入的解释力依次递减;(2)增加结构性工作资源、增加挑战性工作要求正向预测工作投入,而减少阻碍性工作要求、增加社会性工作资源对工作投入的影响不显著,且增加结构性工作资源、增加挑战性工作要求、减少阻碍性工作要求、增加社会性工作资源对工作投入的解释力依次递减;(3)四维工作重塑量表对工作投入的解释力高于三维工作重塑量表,但差异不大。     

Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and individual factors

An individual's intent to pursue an entrepreneurial career can result from the work environment and from personal factors. Drawing on the entrepreneurial intentions and the person-environment (P-E) fit literatures, and applying a multilevel perspective, we examine why individuals intend to leave their jobs to start business ventures. Findings, using a sample of 4192 IT professionals in Singapore, suggest that work environments with an unfavorable innovation climate and/or lack of technical excellence incentives influence entrepreneurial intentions, through low job satisfaction. Moderating effects suggest that an individual's innovation orientation strengthens the work-environment to job-satisfaction relationship; self-efficacy strengthens the job-satisfaction to entrepreneurial intentions relationship.     

Well-being effects of self-employment: A spatial inquiry

Our paper presents an empirical analysis of entrepreneurial well-being using a large-scale longitudinal household survey from the UK that tracks almost 50,000 individuals across seven waves over the period 2009–2017, as well as a number of exploratory case studies. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating how entrepreneurial well-being varies across locations along the urban-rural continuum, and across wealthy-deprived neighbourhoods. We use a Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) approach to compare the well-being outcomes of individuals who switch into self-employment from waged employment, and show that entrepreneurial well-being, in the form of job satisfaction, is significantly higher for those living in semi-urban locations, relative to those living in urban and rural locations. We argue that semi-urban locations provide an optimal combination of ease of doing business and quality of life. Our results also show that individuals in wealthy neighbourhoods who switch into self-employment experience higher job satisfaction than otherwise comparable individuals living in materially deprived neighbourhoods, although the latter experience greater levels of life satisfaction following the switch.