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1.
Fiscal procyclicality, meaning co-movement between government expenditure and macroeconomic fundamentals, is an important feature of business cycle dynamics for emerging and poor economies. I estimate a panel SVAR to investigate the reasons for fiscal procyclicality. The analysis sheds light on the role of external financial constraints in shaping fiscal policy. My findings suggest that the response of emerging governments to output fluctuations is similar to that of developed governments. However, emerging governments curtail spending in response to increases in the sovereign borrowing rate, which forces their consumption expenditure to act more procyclically. Using counterfactual analysis, I show that the key forces behind fiscal procyclicality are the sensitivity of government spending to international borrowing costs and the procyclical nature of these costs for emerging economies.  相似文献   

2.
地方政府支出规模与结构的居民收入分配效应及制度根源   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文以中国居民营养和健康调查数据为基础,考察了地方政府支出规模与结构的居民收入分配效应及其制度根源。研究表明,地方政府支出规模与结构总体上加剧了我国省份居民收入分配状况的恶化,其中经济性支出比重增加带来的不利影响更为突出,社会支出比重的影响并不显著。财政分权体制对地方政府支出规模与结构的居民收入分配效应具有重要影响:支出分权总体上加剧了地方政府支出规模与结构对省份居民收入分配的不利影响,收入分权则有助于遏制地方政府支出规模对城镇居民收入差距以及经济性支出比重对城乡收入差距的负面效应,但也强化了社会性支出比重对居民收入分配的不利影响。  相似文献   

3.
中国构建合理政府规模探析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
姜慧 《经济与管理》2007,21(2):86-89
政府规模问题是中国推进政府改革进程中值得关注的一个重大课题。衡量政府规模指有政府机构和工作人员、政府收入、政府支出,由中国政府规模现状的比较,中国应从提高政府效率、通过税收立宪、强化财政预算等方面构建合理政府规模。  相似文献   

4.
    
This paper empirically examines whether devoting more resources to education can reduce the size of the shadow economy on a cross-section of countries. The findings show a negative relationship between public education expenditure and the size of the shadow economy, which is robust to the inclusion of different proxies for the control variables, a large set of policy variables, regional differences and endogeneity. The findings also emphasize the role of education, suggesting that public policies devoted to higher education level imply a decreasing effect on the shadow economy.  相似文献   

5.
    
In this article, we empirically analyze the impact of central and subnational government spending on human development in a sample of 57 developed and developing countries over the period 2000–18. Specifically, we focus on the effects of health and education public expenditure on the Human Development Index (HDI) and its dimensions (life expectancy, education, and income). Applying data panel analysis, our empirical evidence shows the importance of central and subnational government health expenditure positively impacting on HDI and each of its components, while in the case of the education expenditure, this positive effect is only confirmed on the educational dimension of HDI. Our study shows how governments can stimulate human development, improving the well-being of citizens, by allocating more resources to healthcare through the different administrative levels.  相似文献   

6.
2009年我国新一轮医药卫生体制改革(以下简称\"新医改\")启动以来,财政卫生支出呈现出新的特点:一是财政对供方的投入重点由公立医院转向基层医疗卫生服务(\"强基层\");二是财政补贴重点从医疗卫生机构转向医疗保障(\"补需方\")。那么,新医改以来财政支出对提升健康水平、降低医疗费用的作用如何?本文利用2009—2016年我国省级面板数据,使用系统GMM估计方法对此进行了实证分析,结果发现:(1)财政卫生支出显著促进了居民的医疗服务利用,\"强基层\"和\"补需方\"均显著改善了居民健康。这表明财政卫生支出是必要的,还可以降低当前较高的企业医保缴费负担。(2)财政卫生支出对医疗费用、个人医疗负担的影响尚不确定,\"强基层\"降低了医疗费用,减轻了医疗负担,\"补需方\"则相反。本文的主要建议是政府应当坚持对基层医疗卫生服务的投入,同时加强医保的科学控费机制建设,并特别为降低企业医保缴费腾出空间。  相似文献   

7.
本文通过理论分析发现,我国地方政府不仅存在生产性支出偏好,还会在外部性和信息不对称等因素影响下,改变其对跨界公共事务的资金投入。在“量入为出”预算编制原则下,本文利用2010—2019年我国31个省级政府面板数据,实证分析了地方政府一般公共预算收入对跨地区民生性支出、跨地区生产性支出、地区民生性支出和地区生产性支出四类财政支出的影响。结果表明:在全国层面上,跨地区生产性支出受财政收入的影响最大,地区民生性支出次之。比较三类地区的结果发现,区域内政府竞争强度越高,地方政府对外部性的重视程度越强,因而当地用于跨界公共事务的资金会越少。从不同类型财政收入对财政支出的影响结果来看,只有间接税收入可以同时对三类地区财政支出产生显著影响。最后根据研究结论,本文提出了相应的政策建议。  相似文献   

8.
笔者在Barro的政府规模与经济增长理论基础上,引入经济波动以反映政府支出规模对经济活动的干预,利用中国28个省(市、自治区)1979年~2008年的面板数据,检验了政府支出规模与经济波动对经济增长的影响。研究结果发现,我国地方政府支出规模与经济波动对区域经济增长都产生了负效应,且经济波动比政府支出规模对区域经济增长的负效应更大。因此,政府在追求经济高速增长的同时,要更加注重保持经济增长的稳定性。  相似文献   

9.
郑烨  蒋轶 《技术经济》2012,(10):106-112,125
在分析1978—2010年新疆政府财政支出现状的基础上,运用线性神经网络模型,利用1995—2010年新疆政府财政支出的统计数据,对2011—2015年的相关数据进行预测,分析了此期间新疆政府财政支出的发展趋势。结果表明:2011—2015年期间,新疆政府的经济建设支出、基本公共服务支出、行政支出占财政支出总额的比重有所减小,国防支出可能呈平稳增长趋势——这与新疆所处的地理位置、自然环境、宗教文化等因素密切相关。最后结合新疆的特殊区情,提出了针对性的政策建议。  相似文献   

10.
卢寿祥 《经济前沿》2010,(4):105-111
固定资本投资是流动资本投资的前提和基础,也是整个社会经济规模扩张与发展所必须依赖的重要物质基础。现期厂商的固定资本投资会直接导致本期总需求的增加,在保持总供求平衡的前提下,政府本期的调控货币投放规模将会相应减小,从而影响本期社会弱势居民的福利水平。  相似文献   

11.
通过构建政府支出与居民消费跨期替代模型,并利用1990—2005年27个省(市、自治区)相关数据进行面板协整检验和完全修正普通最小二乘估计,我们可以看到,中国地方政府支出与居民消费呈现较弱的互补关系。因此,需要改变地方政府的投资结构,提高政府支出的消费效应。  相似文献   

12.
    
We compare the patterns of adjustment of government policy to changes in public opinion in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. These countries are similar in many ways, except that the United Kingdom has plurality elections and single-party government, while the Netherlands has proportional representation (PR) and coalition government. This provides the first application of the Macro Polity approach to a country with PR elections. We find that government policy in the Netherlands is highly responsive to public opinion. This cannot be the result of alternation of government, but instead must be the result of some other process, such as coalition bargaining. In the United Kingdom, however, the dynamic of adjustment is far more complex. Alternation of government does not produce responsiveness, but rather seems to get in the way of it. This leads to an over-correction dynamic in which policy can be out of line with public opinion for long periods of time.  相似文献   

13.
王敏 《经济经纬》2007,(6):130-133
财政教育支出作为政府公共支出的一个重要部分,支出量大,涉及面广.财政教育支出的绩效划分为支出的过程绩效(包括配置绩效和耗用绩效)、成果绩效和监管绩效.成果绩效的评价是整个财政教育支出绩效评价的核心.  相似文献   

14.
Government expenditure as a share of GDP in the OECD rose at an annual growth rate of 1.02% in the period between 1970 and 1997. Government spending has increased most on functions particularly demanded by elderly population: social welfare, health and defence. Ageing is the main driving force of the growth of government spending, followed by relative prices and population. However, we also find that the other age groups react to ageing, thereby preventing increases in benefits per retired persons and that institutional reforms have been successful at reducing the impact of ageing on pensions in recent years.  相似文献   

15.
范庆泉  张同斌 《技术经济》2014,33(10):83-91
将政府财政支出分解为消费性支出和生产性支出,建立了政府消费性支出与私人消费之间、政府资本与私人资本之间的非线性替代关系函数。将政府公共生产性服务和公共消费性服务的双重角色加入动态随机一般均衡(DSGE)模型,分析不同经济结构下政府的双重角色对中国宏观经济的影响差异。实证结果显示:政府生产性支出的弹性系数正在变小,政府生产性支出对中国宏观经济的影响在逐渐消失;在合理监管下,政府消费性支出有利于改善和提高人们的生活质量,并且不会对私人投资产生挤出效应。因此,政府应加大对财政消费性支出的监管力度。  相似文献   

16.
    
Applying Milton Friedman's ‘plucking’ model of output fluctuations, we investigate the behavior of the Korean won/dollar exchange rate using a state-space model with Markov switching, which incorporates both symmetric and asymmetric shocks. We find that the Korean won/US dollar exchange rate rarely falls below its trend, but is plucked upward from time to time by transitory shocks. This asymmetry suggests that the monetary authority unofficially intervenes in the foreign exchange market to support its own target level from below. Further evidence from changes in reserve assets indirectly supports our finding.  相似文献   

17.
    
We utilize the Michigan Surveys of Consumers data to first investigate the dynamic relationship between consumers’ assessment of current and future economic conditions (Index of Current Economic Conditions (ICC) and Index of Consumer Expectations (ICE)), and then examine how these assessments are influenced by deterioration/improvement in consumers’ appraisal of economic policies of the government (GP). We further assess how deterioration/improvement in ICC and ICE influences GP. For 1978–2015, our findings first indicate that ICC and ICE are cointegrated and both respond to disequilibrium to restore the long-run equilibrium relationship. Second, deterioration in GP results in deterioration in both ICC and ICE. Improvement in GP, however, results in improvement in ICE with no impact on ICC. Third, deterioration in both ICC and ICE results in deterioration in GP. Improvement in ICE results in improvement in GP, but improvement in ICC has no impact on GP. The observed asymmetries are in line with ‘negativity bias’, whereby people tend to give more weight to negative events than to positive ones.  相似文献   

18.
    
Employing data for 1981–2009, this paper examines the factors influencing the volatility of state output, using India as a case study. The analysis appears to suggest that high income states exhibit relatively higher output volatility. At the state-level, the proximate determinants of a decline in output volatility can be traced to financial deepening, government expenditures and institutional quality. Also, state-level political factors are also found to play an important role. In addition, at the macroeconomic level, monetary policy considerations are observed to be the most important factor impacting output volatility.  相似文献   

19.
健康事关每个公民的基本福祉,每个政府都应当为公民提供最基本的医疗卫生服务或补助。对河北省2007年的县级数据分析表明,该省的县级医疗卫生支出处于一种"低水平的均衡"状态,且该转移支付在该省的分配过程并没有体现缩小上年县际间医疗卫生支出差异的均等化导向。对中国基层政府医疗卫生支出的政府间财政策略应当具有阶段性,首先应激励基层政府加大医疗卫生投入力度,其次应防控基层政府之间医疗卫生支出差异的扩大。  相似文献   

20.
    
Yang Zou 《Applied economics》2013,45(11):1259-1270
This study performs empirical studies on the interaction between public and private investment and GDP growth for Japan and the USA. Since the data for each country used show features that are quite different from each other, empirical methods of GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) and OLS (Ordinary Least squares) are accordingly applied to Japan and the USA, respectively. The empirical results suggest that both public and private investment make great contributions to Japanese economic growth, while the US private investment seems to play a much more significant role than public investment.  相似文献   

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