A framework for customer relationship management strategy orientation support in higher education institutions

ABSTRACT

A number of generic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) implementation frameworks have been developed, yet no systematic framework has been developed to help HEIs orientate CRM strategy to align with university business strategies and stakeholder needs. This research iteratively develops the CRM Strategy Orientation Support (CRM-SOS) framework, which aims to support HEIs in orientating their strategic CRM system at the pre-implementation stage and align CRM strategy with the business strategy; thus, reducing the chance that HEIs will experience CRM implementation failure. To reach our proposed CRM-SOS framework, we employed Design Science Research (DSR) methodology steps by analysing UK HEIs specific CRM implementation case studies, conducting semi-structured HEIs-based interviews, followed by evaluation of the resulted framework by HEI Information Systems (IS) experts. We concluded with a new CRM-SOS framework for HEIs consisting of five stages. The framework can be used to personalise the stages until they fit the strategic outputs and match the top management KPIs. Although existing research agrees that intensive attention should be given to CRM planning, there is no consensus or developed framework, for use within HEIs, demonstrating how CRM strategy can be orientated to align with university strategies and customer needs.     

Customer Relationship Management: from Strategy to Implementation

This article examines Customer Relationship Management, or CRM, from the perspective of strategy formulation and implementation. We commence by reviewing the origins and role of CRM and highlighting the importance of adopting a cross-functional approach to CRM strategy formulation. We examine alternative approaches to CRM strategy development and, using an 'interaction research' approach, propose a model that addresses both CRM strategy and implementation. We identify four critical implementation components of a successful CRM programme and examine these in the context of five key cross-functional CRM processes. The model structure is used to help identify a research agenda     

Case Study of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the On-Line Affluent Financial Services Market

ABSTRACT

In the current period of constrained economic conditions, this study initiates an analysis of customer relationship management (CRM) on the Web sites of financial service businesses. Customer relationship management is a critical differential that enables competitive edge for businesses focused on the affluent customer market. Though investment in marketing, sales and service innovation is limited under existing conditions, the analysis of the study on large financial businesses indicates that the businesses enable higher commerce, content and context, but lower and generally inadequate communication, community, connection and customization design on their Web sites. The analysis, conducted as an assignment by adult graduate students in an information systems course, contributes important insight into the competitive dynamics of customer relationship management for Web empowered financial service businesses striving to service the demanding affluent market. This study furnishes an expanded framework to research customer relationship management of financial service businesses competing in the paradigm of the Web.     

Strategic,Operational, and Analytical Customer Relationship Management

Abstract

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) means different things to different people. For some, CRM is the term used to describe a set of IT applications that automate customer-facing processes in marketing, selling and service. For others, it is about an organizational desire to be more customer focused. Others associate CRM with the capture, analysis and exploitation of customer-related data. One distinction that has been made is between strategic, operational and analytical CRM. This paper sets out to understand, conceptualize and operationalize these terms. Our research generally supports the idea of a multi-dimensional conceptualization of CRM. We develop and present an instrument, consisting of a thirteen-item scale, which can be used to assess an organization's orientation towards one or more of these three forms of CRM.     

Success factors in a CRM strategy: technology is not all

Organisations today need to create, maintain and reinforce relationships with customers. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) seems to have helped firms to better understand their relationships. However, past studies have looked at technology and customer orientations (COs) as key factors. This paper aims to analyse the simultaneous effect of Market Orientation (MO) (rather than CO), Knowledge Management (KM) and other organisational factors in order to explain how to implement a successful CRM. Findings suggest that MO and KM may influence CRM success. Data also suggest that particular organisational factors such as employees, leadership and specific know-how may be key factors in determining the success of CRM. For efficiency resource management, this paper recommends to focus not as much in technology, but on programmes for selection, training and motivation of employees which may enhance CRM objectives. Companies may also pursue a higher customer value by putting in place and reinforcing KM schemes in specific know-hows about CRM.     

论商业银行的客户关系管理

在市场竞争日益激烈的今天,客户成为商业银行的战略性资源。银行实施客户关系管理(CRM)有利于与客户建立长期的良好关系,避免重要客户的流失,提高客户满意度,从而实现银行利润最大化。所以有必要从细分客户、“一对一”差别化服务以及创办“特色银行”等三个方面来讨论我国国有商业银行实践CRM需要注意的问题。     

HIS中的未来核心——客户关怀系统

将在企业应用中较为成熟的客户关系管理(CRM)的概念引入医院信息管理中。在HIS系统结构层和实施层上体现“以客户为中心”的思想,阐述了客户关怀系统的基本构架。对如何在HIS中建立客户关怀系统和客户关怀系统的未来的主要发展方向提出了几点意见。随着我国医院信息化的投入水平和医疗卫生服务质量的不断提高,客户关怀系统在未来将成为医院信息系统的核心组成。     

Dimensions and Implementation Drivers of Customer Equity Management (CEM)—Conceptual Framework,Qualitative Evidence and Preliminary Results of a Quantitative Study

SUMMARY

Customer equity has become a major marketing goal in many industries. In the existing literature on customer equity, there is a strong emphasis on measuring customer equity (or customer lifetime value), while there is a lack of research on how to manage customer equity and how to implement a systematic Customer Equity Management (CEM). In this paper, based on theoretical considerations as well as on qualitative and quantitative research applying confirmatory factor analysis, we identify three dimensions of Customer Equity Management structuring a firm's CEM activities: analytical CEM, strategic CEM and operational CEM. Further, three types of CEM implementation drivers are identified which represent determinants of the three CEM dimensions. We develop measures for both the three CEM dimensions and the three implementation drivers. These measures help companies evaluating their status regarding CEM and represent the basis for empirical studies regarding the determination and effects of CEM.     

Country Effects on CRM Success

Abstract

Customer relationship management (CRM) adoption is growing at a dramatic pace in firms and is significantly impacting customer and business market behaviors. As a result, most firms have started developing and implementing CRM strategies. However, country effects on CRM strategy outcomes in international environments have not been discussed and are the focus of this paper. In this paper, we examine the impacts of marketing infrastructure and marketing institutions on the development of CRM strategies and success in the implementation of such strategies. Our framework has utility in understanding the impacts of country-specific factors in the outcomes of CRM Strategy.     

论银行业客户关系管理系统的构架与建设

客户关系管理(Customer Relationship Management,CRM)是在计算机与信息网络技术基础上发展起来的一种新的管理思想、管理方法和技术。客户关系管理系统的建立和应用,为企业适应消费者需求的变化、赢得市场竞争优势提供了有效的手段。本文结合银行业的特点,就银行业客户关系管理系统的开发与应用问题展开分析,并对银行业客户关系管理系统的构架进行探讨。     

Designing a Predictive Performance Measurement and Control System to Maximize Customer Relationship Management Success

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) performance measurement is reviewed with two main intentions: (a) to encourage theoretical and empirical research and (b) to provide a useful predictive measurement system that is easy to implement. Special emphasis is placed on Balanced Scorecard methodologies as measurement systems to both evaluate and predict CRM performance. The use of a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) methodology to design CRM predictive performance measurement and control systems (PMCS) may provide several benefits to firms since (a) it reduces the risk and the uncertainty associated with the decision-making processes related to a CRM strategy and (b) it provides a strategic resource to the development of competitive advantages. The article concludes by proposing an holistic measuring system in the CRM field, including accountable, leading, repeatable, and linked metrics over the following areas and dimensions: strategy (business orientation, business atmosphere, and competitive strategy); resources (financial, human, and technological), business processes (integration and innovation); products and services (superiority and product/company synergy), customers (prospective and current); and external factors (competition and market).     

The impact of customer relationship management capability on innovation and performance advantages: testing a mediated model

Abstract

Customer relationship management (CRM) and innovation are widely considered to be valuable capabilities associated with competitive advantage. However, there is a lack of research demonstrating how they work together to produce performance advantages. This research investigates the mediating role of innovation between CRM and performance. The authors examine the direct impact of both CRM and innovation on firm performance. Moreover, they investigate the role of innovation as a mediating mechanism to explain the effect of CRM on performance. The authors use structural equation modelling to test the relationships among these constructs. The results support the direct impact of CRM and innovation on performance. Also, the findings indicate that the indirect effect of CRM on firm performance through innovation is significant. These results reinforce the view that developing close relationships with customers enhances a firm's ability to innovate.     

How does CRM technology transform into organizational performance? A mediating role of marketing capability

Customer relationship management (CRM) technology has attracted significant attention from researchers and practitioners as a facilitator of organizational performance. Even though companies have made tremendous investments in CRM technology, empirical research offers inconsistent support that CRM technology enhances organizational performance. Given this equivocal effect and the increasing need for the generalization of CRM implementation research outside western context, the authors, using data from Korean companies, address the process concerning how CRM technology translates into business outcomes. The results highlight that marketing capability mediates the association between CRM technology use and performance. Moreover, a customer-centric organizational culture and management system facilitate CRM technology use. This study serves not only to clarify the mechanism between CRM technology use and organizational performance, but also to generalize the CRM results in the Korean context.     

Customer Relationship Management: A Strategic Perspective

Over the last decade and a half Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has developed into an area of major significance. However, there is considerable confusion in the academic and managerial literature about what is meant by CRM and how if differs from relationship marketing. Further, despite heavy investment by organizations in CRM, there is extensive reporting of CRM’s failure to achieve anticipated results in the literature. This article reviews the conceptual differences between CRM and relationship marketing and defines these terms. It argues that, in many organizations, CRM failures have occurred through a lack of strategic focus. Key strategic issues are identified. A CRM Strategy Matrix is presented which considers the strategic context of companies and the implications for the development of their CRM strategies. Four alternative approaches towards building customer relationships are identified and migration paths between them are reviewed. Implications for implementing CRM strategy and future research are discussed.

Organizational characteristics and the CRM adoption process

The purpose of this study is to identify the status of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) adoption and explore the influence of organizational characteristics on the CRM adoption process in the Korean fashion industry. Using Rogers' [Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovation. New York: Free Press; 1995] innovation decision process model as the conceptual basis, this study surveyed 94 Korean fashion companies to investigate the persuasion, decision, and implementation stages of CRM adoption. Organizational variables included firm characteristics (size, strategy, maturity of information system), product characteristics (category, fashion position, seasonality), and CEO characteristics (age, education). The most frequently used CRM technology is the development of a customer database, whereas the mostly frequently mentioned benefits of CRM are encouraging repurchase. Moreover, respondents' perceptions of CRM benefits affect CRM adoption, influencing the use of various CRM technologies. Organizational strategy, maturity of information system, and product category all significantly influence the adoption process. Empirical findings provide further support for the innovation decision process model developed by Rogers [Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovation. New York: Free Press; 1995] and the CRM adoption model can be used when fashion companies do strategic planning and evaluate the possibility of adopting CRM strategies.     

Customer Relationship Management in Electronic Markets

Abstract

Customer relationship management, or CRM, has found increased attention in both the academic and managerial worlds of marketing in recent years. While the Internet has greatly enabled the application of CRM in fostering loyal customers, the preliminary results on the effectiveness and efficiency of technology-based CRM has been far from discouraging. The authors identify various contentious issues behind the various key concepts of relationship management and identify several areas that deserve closer academic scrutiny and managerial inspection. The paper also comments on the extent to which Internet technology can bring about closer relationships with a firm's customers.     

商业CRM中的顾客满意度优化模型探讨

摘要：顾客满意度分析是商业CRM(customer relationship management，简称CRM)的重要内容，它不仅反映了商业企业实力与效益，而且反映了商业企业经营管理的本质和服务的核心。本文以商业CRM中的顾客满意度为研究对象，提出了最佳成本条件下的顾客满意度分析与评价体系，包括顾客满意度的描述与评价、质量成本的构成要素、基于质量成本的顾客满意度优化模型等，并结合零售商业企业的实际运行数据对顾客满意度优化模型进行了实证分析。     

客户关系管理中数据挖掘的应用

客户关系管理在企业管理决策中起到了关键作用,而数据挖掘技术为客户关系管理的实施提供了良好的技术支持。在对数据挖掘技术于客户关系管理中的价值和应用范畴进行分析,将数据挖掘应用于客户流失分析,进而从这些信息中挖掘出客户偏好的商品组合、消费习性或流失客户特征。     

新型的网络团购模式:主动式网络团购

本文在分析比较当前网络团购模式的基础上，论述了由大型零售企业作为网络团购的组织者而形成的主动式网络团购新型模式，主要包括主动式网络团购模式的运作机制、形成要素、服务内容以及制度保障机制、主动式网络团购的支撑体系。这种网购模式具有主动性、主导性和完好性的特征，实现了消费者、大型零售企业、生产厂商之间的三赢，具有良好的应用前号。     

客户关系管理项目的模糊综合评价

客户关系管理(CRM)项目的成功率较低,对企业来说有较大风险,在实施之前,对CRM项目进行评价是十分必要的。通过分析研究,建立客户关系管理项目的综合评价指标体系,提出运用模糊数学对客户关系管理项目进行评价的方法。