Operational performance of U.S. public rail transit and implications for public policy

In today's tough economic environment, governments at all levels face significant budget shortfalls and public rail transit systems must compete with other public services for government subsidies. It is critical that public rail transit systems be concerned with their operational performance and efficient use of resources. In this paper, we develop a methodology that measures a rail transit system's performance relative to that of other rail transit systems, compares its performance to an appropriate efficient benchmark system, and identifies the sources of its inefficiency. We analyze the relationship between public subsidies and operational performance of public rail systems and show an inverse relationship between subsidization and efficiency.     

目标成本在轨道交通装备制造业生产维护中的应用研究

面对制造业成本竞争日益激烈的市场环境,轨道交通装备制造企业在成本控制方面不断创新和变革,在生产制造成本控制中对涉及生产运营的所有要素开展目标成本管理。当前,该行业正在推进智能制造和数字化转型升级,占制造成本比重不断增大的生产维护业务在践行目标成本管理方面还存在诸多问题。论文应用因果分析法,结合目标成本管理理论分析当前轨道交通装备制造业生产维护成本控制存在的问题,并提出完善该行业生产维护业务应用目标成本管理的对策,以促进轨道交通装备制造企业生产维护成本管理水平的提高。     

昆明市轨道交通客伤事故分析与预防研究

预防客伤的发生是提高城市轨道交通服务水平的重要部分,分析客伤事故发生的原因,制定预防事故发生的对策一直是轨道交通安全领域的研究热点。在分析客流提升与客伤相互关系的基础上,解析了客伤人员结构分布、客伤时间分布、不同线路客伤特征以及引发客伤的主要原因。以昆明市城市轨道交通为例,通过对2013年至2019年的客伤数据统计分析,从工作人员业务技能、客伤频发时段、“个性化”高事故率车站预防措施、安全宣传、信息化等方面提出了建议。     

轨道交通对城市住房发展的影响综述

从轨道交通对城市住房价格和空间分布、居住用地开发强度的影响及影响的时效性等各方面综述了国内外研究进展,得出以下结论:除个别区域和时段外,轨道交通将引起沿线住房价格上涨,位于郊区、开发成熟度低的地区和中等价值的住房价格上涨最为明显;轨道交通将引起沿线居住用地开发强度的提高,提高的幅度与站点的功能关系密切;轨道交通吸引住房需求向轨道线路和站点附近集聚,并使市中心的居住需求向郊区转移,加快郊区化进程,同时改变中心区住房的类型结构,最终改变城市的空间结构;轨道交通对住房价格的影响具有时效性,影响程度随规划、施工、运营等不同时期而不同。     

城市轨道交通牵引供电系统谐波分析

城市轨道交通需要依赖供电系统的运行,供电系统连接各种电力设备,在传输电能时会产生谐波,对供电系统产生不良影响,城市轨道交通也必然受到影响。论文针对牵引供电系统高次谐波过电压的影响因素进行分析,提出治理牵引供电系统高次谐波过电压的有效措施。     

基于投融资模式创新的城市轨道交通综合成本控制研究

针对目前国内轨道交通建设规模大、造价高、当前成本控制研究成果没有被有效执行等问题,从轨道交通的经济学特性角度出发,分析了投融资模式对轨道交通造价控制的重要影响,归纳了目前国内轨道交通主要投融资模式及其在造价控制方面存在的问题。针对这些问题,总结借鉴国外投融资模式,从可利用资金等角度论述了投融资模式创新的可行性。最后结合案例分析了现有国内城市在这方面的尝试以及取得的效果。     

合肥市加快打造多层次轨道交通体系对策研究

近年来,多层次轨道交通迎来发展新形势,为加快合肥多层次轨道交通体系,文章在分析了以德国、日本、美国为代表的交通运输强国及珠三角等先发城市的发展经验基础上,总结了合肥市轨道交通发展的现状和问题,提出了规划引领、科学预留通道、充分开展综合开发、建立多元化投融资机制、建立一体化运营机制等发展对策。     

浅谈现代化城市轨道交通运输安全管理模式

随着我国市场经济的不断完善,形成了当前各行业综合性发展的趋势,城市轨道交通运输之间的竞争压力也越来越大,除了要在运输上提供优质服务之外,还需要对自身的管理逐步实行精细化、规范化。由于城市轨道交通运输的特殊性,其安全管理一直都是城市轨道交通运输管理的重中之重。论文从城市轨道交通运输现状进行分析,探索加强安全自主管理的对策。     

铁路货物运到期限保障的探讨

铁路货物运到期限不能得到保障，已成为影响其在运输市场中的竞争能力的一个重要原因。本文在分析目前铁路货物运到期限现状及其影响因素的基础上，提出了保障铁路货物运到期限的解决方案。提出两种方案，一种是在现行组织模式下的改进，另一种是以保障运到期限为出发点的会新的解决方案。     

轨道交通档案管理信息化建设存在的问题及对策

基于轨道交通运输容量大、快速、安全等方面的优势,其在我国各大城市的建设规模不断扩大,轨道交通档案管理愈加重要。开展轨道交通档案管理的信息化建设具有诸多优势,但是当前在轨道交通档案管理的信息化建设中存在着一些问题,论文根据这些问题展开分析,并提出相应的建设方案,以使轨道交通档案管理的信息化管理优势得到更好的发挥。     

Linking sustainable business models and supply chains — Toward an integrated value creation framework

Extant literature on sustainable business models highlights that value creation stems from resources exchanged in relationships between a focal firm and its stakeholders. In this context, the literature has, so far, focused on direct relationships. However, despite the acknowledged relevance of sustainability issues in supply chains, this relational view of the focal company and its direct stakeholders has not been extended toward value creation for and with indirect stakeholders, such as stakeholders of suppliers. Addressing this gap, this conceptual article integrates a relational view of sustainable supply chain management into the management of sustainable business models. It extends the scope of sustainable business models from relationships between the focal firm and its direct stakeholders to indirect relationships with stakeholders of suppliers. A framework is developed that supports analysis and management of value-creating relationships between the focal firm, suppliers, and stakeholders of suppliers. By extending the conceptualization of sustainable business models to consider relationship chains beyond direct relationships, this article proposes that a focal firm has to actively manage interactions both with suppliers and with suppliers' stakeholders.     

浅析大陆桥过境物流业务的风险与规避

1992年12月1日，首列连云港-阿拉山口的大陆桥过境集装箱运输直达专列营运，开启了新亚欧大陆桥运输事业的新纪元，自此，大陆桥运输业务成为口岸与企业提高竞争力的有效手段，为丰富物流业务种类和口岸经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。20余年来，大陆桥过境运输业务不断发展壮大，在为大陆桥过境运输承运人带来巨大利润的同时，也隐含着较大的业务风险。文中拟对大陆桥过境物流业务中存在的风险进行梳理，并提出几点风险规避措施，以供商榷。     

Business Models for Frugal Innovation in Emerging Markets: The Case of the Medical Device and Laboratory Equipment Industry

This study investigates business models for frugal innovation (i.e. a specific form of resource-constrained innovation) in the medical device and laboratory equipment industry in the context of emerging markets. Based on original data from five case studies, we investigate how firms can set up value creation and value capturing mechanisms to reach new customer segments in remote rural areas with unprecedented value propositions. With this research, we contribute to the literature on frugal innovation and business models in emerging markets. It is among the first empirical studies to apply a fine-grained perspective on resource-constrained innovation in emerging markets. In doing so, we focus on its most disruptive form, which is when these innovations entail entirely new applications. We advance and detail the value proposition for frugal innovation in these industries and argue that frugal innovation create new markets. Further, we show how firms set up their value creation and value capturing mechanisms to achieve the value proposition and identify two distinct Research & Development (R&D) strategies for frugal innovation.     

城市轨道交通电力系统故障分析及应对方法

随着城市规模的不断扩大,人口数量不断增加,这使得城市交通压力越来越大,那么就需要完善城市轨道交通,更好地推动城市发展建设。现阶段,城市轨道交通作为城市公共交通的重要工具,具有快捷、节能等优点,所以已经成为城市基础建设的重要部分。稳定的电力系统是保证城市轨道交通稳定运行的基础。论文主要先说明城市轨道交通电力系统故障的原因,然后说明城市轨道交通电力系统故障类型,最后说明城市轨道交通电力系统故障的应对方法。     

Commercializing inventions resulting from university research: Analyzing the impact of technology characteristics on subsequent business models

One of the key challenges in commercializing inventions arising from academic research is deciding on an appropriate business model for transferring the invention from the academic world to the commercial world. However, there is little empirical evidence to suggest which model to choose. This study attempts to address this gap by examining how characteristics of technologies affect the selection of business models.We consider four characteristics of technology: patent or other legal protection, specialized complementary assets, commercial uncertainty and technological dynamism. We relate these characteristics to the choice of three basic business models for commercializing inventions. Data for this study were gathered for 42 commercialized inventions.We found evidence that greater patent or other legal protection for the technology was associated with a greater likelihood that the technology was commercialized by transferring limited rights to the technology to existing firms. We also found evidence that greater commercial uncertainty was associated with a greater likelihood that the technology was commercialized by creation of a new firm or transfer of the rights to the technology to an existing firm. We did not find evidence of a relationship between the importance of specialized complementary assets or technological dynamism and the business model used.     

基于IC卡数据的城市轨道交通网络配流模型研究

应用Logit模型对城市轨道交通网络的客流分配问题进行了理论建模,并通过实际调查数据标定模型中未知参数。在路径搜索方面,提出了一种基于深度搜索优先和分支界定思想的有效路径搜索算法,以得出符合现实的有效路径集合。旨在提出一套通过地铁IC卡数据得到轨道交通网络站间OD矩阵后,在轨道交通网络上分配乘客流的模型和算法。通过北京市轨道交通网络实际调查数据的案例分析,对模型和算法的有效性进行了验证。     

A Cognitive Perspective on the Business Case for Corporate Sustainability

This paper proposes that a cognitive perspective on corporate sustainability and competitiveness might allow new insights into the question of the business case. The paper explores how respondents from 12 firms make sense of their firm's investments in corporate sustainability activities by analyzing the mental models evoked. The interviews showed that a business case perspective emerged as the dominant logic. A subsequent analysis of the content of the knowledge schemas that were elicited surfaced four dimensions of corporate sustainability induced competitive advantages: risk reduction, efficiency gains, brand building and new market creation. An analysis of the structure of these knowledge schemas revealed that respondents from firms with lower perceived sustainability performance drew on less differentiated and less integrated cognitive frameworks (focusing on risk and efficiency). Respondents from firms with higher perceived performance drew on more complex mental models to represent the links between corporate sustainability and competitiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

基于“委托—代理”理论的城市轨道交通投融资体制演进机理研究

以上海为例总结了城市轨道交通投融资体制的发展模式和演进历程,基于“委托—代理”理论建立了轨道交通投融资体制模型,利用模型分析了上海轨道交通投融资体制的演进历程,阐明了轨道交通投融资体制的演进机理和发展方向.     

Business models: Formal description and economic optimisation

This paper picks up on established concerns that the concept of a business model is underdetermined and lacking formalisation in the current academic literature. Matrix methods may usefully be deployed to characterise the architecture of resources, costs, and revenues that a business uses to create and deliver value to customers that defines its business model. Systematisation of this technique would support a taxonomical approach to empirical studies of business models. Generalisation of this matrix approach provides a formal linkage between business models, strategy, and value creation using the Hamiltonian economics associated with the Maximum Principle. Factor analysis permits the endogenous identification of critical resource combinations in the business model that underpins resource‐based views of strategy, resolving the tautological impasse identified by Priem and Butler ( 2001 ).     

Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Unified Perspective for Creation of Sustainable Business Models

Business model innovation has seen a recent surge in academic research and business practice. Changes to business models are recognized as a fundamental approach to realize innovations for sustainability. However, little is known about the successful adoption of sustainable business models (SBMs). The purpose of this paper is to develop a unified theoretical perspective for understanding business model innovations that lead to better organizational economic, environmental and social performance. The paper examines bodies of literature on business model innovation, sustainability innovation, networks theory, stakeholder theory and product–service systems. We develop five propositions that support the creation of SBMs in a unified perspective, which lays a foundation to support organizations in investigating and experimenting with alternative new business models. This article contributes to the emerging field of SBMs, which embed economic, environmental and social flows of value that are created, delivered and captured in a value network. It highlights gaps for addressing the challenges of business model innovation for sustainability and suggests avenues for future research. © 2017 The Authors. Business Strategy and the Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd