高管团队激励分散度、企业风险承担与战略绩效研究

代理问题的存在会导致管理者“短视”,出于私利,管理者往往不愿意承担风险,这虽然会给企业带来短期经济利益,但也会给未来发展埋下隐患。为解决此类代理问题,高管团队成员激励将发挥关键作用。因此,研究高管团队激励对企业绩效影响,高管薪酬激励对企业风险承担影响以及企业风险承担对企业绩效影响,对于中国企业的激励契约设计、经济增长和潜在风险认识均具有重要实践意义。     

论地方政府负债与公共经济绩效评价

近些年来,我国地方政府负债数额大大增加,大到有风险了,对这一现象如何认识,不仅牵涉到财政体制的问题,还对政府的公共经济管理绩效有较大影响。本文根据中央和地方财政支出比重的22年数据说明增加的程度,然后从几个方面剖析地方政府负债猛增的原因,评价地方政府负债这一公共支出对公共经济绩效正反两面的影响,提出对地方政府负债要合理利用和管理,促进公共经济绩效提升。     

The IFS Annual Lecture: Economics of Education Research and Its Role in the Making of Education Policy

This paper is based on my 2013 IFS Annual Lecture and it explores the reasons for the substantial interest that economists currently have in education research. To do so, it sets the economics of education field in its historical context, and explores a number of reasons why the research area has grown by so much in recent years. The role of economic research in the making of education policy has also increased through time, for some of the same reasons, and this has played a significant part in the use of evidence‐based policy in a range of areas of education.     

The Twin Crises: Determinants of Banking and Currency Crises in the Turkish Economy

Several twin crises occurred in the Turkish economy in the last three decades. In this article, we aim to analyze the link between banking and currency crises and to illustrate the essential determinants of these twin crises by developing a multivariate logit model for the period 1990–2013. The empirical findings show that Turkish currency crises are mainly due to excessive fiscal deficits, rises in short-term external debt, overvaluation of Turkish lira, and external adverse shocks; banking crises are primarily caused by excessive money supplies and bank short positions. The empirical findings also indicate that banking crises lead to currency crises, and vice versa.     

税收优惠政策微观分析指标体系及方法研究——以高新技术企业为例

近几年,政府重视扶持高新技术企业的发展,给予了许多税收优惠,但税收优惠政策对高新技术企业的帮助有多大,哪项政策更有助于企业的发展,并没有一个客观的评价方法,由此导致了优惠政策重叠、脱节等问题的出现。为此,需要通过建立科学的税收优惠政策绩效评价指标体系,对高新技术企业税收优惠政策绩效进行考核。从简易科学、可操作性强的角度,探索建立以可持续增长率指标为主要依据的绩效评价方法,有利于客观有效地评价税收优惠政策的实际运用效果。     

The Performance Effect of Feedback Frequency and Detail: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Customer Satisfaction

This paper presents the results from a field experiment that examines the effects of nonfinancial performance feedback on the behavior of professionals working for an insurance repair company. We vary the frequency (weekly and monthly) and the level of detail of the feedback that the 800 professionals receive. Contrary to what we would expect if these professionals conformed to the model of the Bayesian decision maker, more (and more frequent) information does not always help improve performance. In fact, we find that professionals achieve the best outcomes when they receive detailed but infrequent (monthly) feedback. The treatment groups with frequent feedback, regardless of how detailed it is, perform no better than the control group (with monthly and aggregate information). The results are consistent with the information in the latest feedback report being most salient and professionals in the weekly treatments overweighting their most recent performance, hampering their ability to learn.     

The Economics of Disclosure and Financial Reporting Regulation: Evidence and Suggestions for Future Research

This paper discusses the empirical literature on the economic consequences of disclosure and financial reporting regulation, drawing on U.S. and international evidence. Given the policy relevance of research on regulation, we highlight the challenges with (1) quantifying regulatory costs and benefits, (2) measuring disclosure and reporting outcomes, and (3) drawing causal inferences from regulatory studies. Next, we discuss empirical studies that link disclosure and reporting activities to firm‐specific and market‐wide economic outcomes. Understanding these links is important when evaluating regulation. We then synthesize the empirical evidence on the economic effects of disclosure regulation and reporting standards, including the evidence on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption. Several important conclusions emerge. We generally lack evidence on market‐wide effects and externalities from regulation, yet such evidence is central to the economic justification of regulation. Moreover, evidence on causal effects of disclosure and reporting regulation is still relatively rare. We also lack evidence on the real effects of such regulation. These limitations provide many research opportunities. We conclude with several specific suggestions for future research.     

低碳时代农村环境污染与规制工具创新——基于规制经济学的分析

以能源消耗污染、日常生活污染、农业生产污染、乡镇企业污染和城镇转移污染等为主的污染物与日俱增,严重影响与威胁我国农村发展与农村居民生活.根据规制经济学理论,探索如何创新我国农村的命令控制型、市场激励型与自愿参与型环境规制工具,提升环境污染防治效果,已成为低碳时代一个迫切的现实诉求.     

中国创业板上市公司治理与绩效的实证研究

公司治理的直接目标是提升公司绩效,公司绩效是衡量公司治理有效性的重要指标。本文以截至2010年9月30日在中国创业板上市的123家公司为样本,构建公司绩效与公司治理各变量的多元线性回归模型,对中国创业板上市公司的治理与绩效进行实证分析,并在实证研究的基础上,对如何完善我国创业板上市公司治理,提升公司绩效提出了政策建议。     

悖论式领导对员工工作绩效的影响：二元工作激情和角色认同的作用

依据企业员工调查问卷数据,基于自我决定理论,考量悖论式领导对员工工作绩效的作用机制和边界条件。结果表明：悖论式领导与员工角色内绩效、角色外绩效均显著正相关,和谐型工作激情在其中发挥中介作用,强迫型工作激情仅中介悖论式领导与角色内绩效之间的关系;角色认同削弱了悖论式领导与和谐型工作激情的正向关系,但会强化悖论式领导对强迫型工作激情的负向影响。     

自然资源绩效审计的目标、内容和评价指标体系初探

经济的可持续发展和自然资源的逐渐匮乏使得自然资源的绩效审计十分重要。自然资源绩效审计作为一种新兴的审计类型,需从资金和资源配置、保护、利用的经济性、效率性、效果性和可持续性等方面开展评价,基于理论研究滞后于实践发展的现状,本文从自然资源管理目的、绩效审计的要求和已有的审计案例出发,阐述了自然资源绩效审计的宏观目标、微观目标和内容,并依据自然资源绩效审计的目标和内容,从自然资源政策、资金、开发保护、使用自然资源、收益分配等五个方面构建了自然资源绩效审计的评价指标体系。     

高管背景特征与企业绩效关系实证研究

高层管理团队(TMT)背景特征与企业绩效之间的关系引起广泛的关注。以房地产上市公司为例,基于高层管理团队的异质性理论,实证研究了TMT背景特征对公司财务绩效不同指标的影响。并且对不同绩效公司进行分组检验背景特征的影响变化,结果发现,TMT背景特征对不同企业的绩效影响不同,年龄与教育背景多样化程度能提高企业绩效,薪酬水平与企业绩效负相关,其余背景特征对企业绩效并无显著影响,不同绩效分组的影响因素也不同。最后据此提出了针对性的政策建议。     

大中型高技术工业企业创新文化对创新绩效的影响研究

创新文化作为一种新型的企业文化,逐渐受到企业的重视,以依赖创新文化而发展的高科技产业更是大力投入对创新文化的研究与利用。本文首先对创新文化相关研究进行整理和分析,取得高科技产业大中型工业企业创新文化相关的数据,然后确定创新文化指标及创新绩效指标,利用EVIEWS5.0软件进行相关数据分析,进行最小二乘估计法的一元线性回归分析,并进行假设检验,包括基于回归拟合的检验、回归参数估计值的显著性t检验,模型整体的显著性F检验。结果显示：创新文化与主营业务收入、营业利润正相关。     

研发开放度与企业创新绩效的关系研究：组织学习的中介作用

研发活动的开放水平与企业从外部环境中获取异质性知识的可能性密切相关。对知识进行系统的组织学习决定企业能否有效利用知识以获得创新产出。构建包含组织学习中介效应的企业研发活动开放度与创新绩效关系模型。考量基于湖南、广东和浙江等地312家企业数据的实证调查表明,企业提升研发活动开放程度和增强组织学习对创新绩效都产生了显著的积极作用,并且组织的探索式学习在研发开放度与企业创新绩效之间起中介作用。     

高智力劳动力、知识扩散绩效对新创企业成长的影响机理研究

基于互联网新创企业的面板数据,考量高智力劳动力、知识扩散绩效对新创企业成长的影响机理.结果表明:从全样本看,高智力劳动力、知识扩散绩效对新创企业成长具有十分显著的正向促进作用.从分样本的实证结果看,高智力劳动力对于新创企业成长的作用效果显著高于知识扩散绩效的作用效果.进一步分析发现,高智力劳动力与知识扩散绩效对新创企业成长产生影响的同时,均存在显著的边际效益递减趋势.     

Comparing Trading Performance of the Constant and Dynamic Hedge Models: A Note

The constant and dynamic hedge models, with the presence of transaction costs are compared for the Share Price Index futures contract trading on the Sydney Futures Exchange. The optimal hedge ratio is estimated by using a dynamic, bivariate two-stage model for the return equation with a dynamic GARCH error structure for the conditional hedge ratios. When portfolio projections are compared based on their profit positions (net of transaction costs), the GARCH hedge model dominates the next best competitor in terms of trading profit.     

Financial Crisis,Politically Connected CEOs,and the Performance of State-Owned Enterprises: Evidence from Korea

This study examines under specific situations the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) from two points of view—business performance and public performance. We find that SOEs with a politically connected CEO perform well even during a financial crisis as the SOEs are able to obtain more favorable treatment. However, the results imply that politically connected CEOs perform poorly when government subsidies are excluded as they may lack the skills for successful management. The results also confirm that SOEs encourage more corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities during a financial crisis in an effort to gain legitimacy by demonstrating that they are committed to social responsibility. However, politically connected CEOs have a negative effect on CSR performance during a financial crisis.     

Performance measurement and institutional processes: a study of managerial responses to public sector reform

Institutional aspects of performance measurement (PM) in public sector organizations are attracting increasing research interest. Only recently, however, has the literature on this topic recognized the pertinent critique of neo-institutional sociology (NIS) pivoting around its view of managers and organizations as primarily passive adaptors to change. This paper explores how the properties of institutional processes associated with recent reforms in the Norwegian health care sector impinge on the extent of pro-active choice exercised by senior management in the development of multidimensional PM reflecting the interests of a wider range of institutional constituencies. Addressing this issue, we draw on Oliver’s (1991) conceptual framework, based on a continuum of responses characterized by a varying degree of pro-active choice. The study thus provides a more detailed analysis of the managerial tactics in developing organizational PM than most prior research informed by NIS. We find support for several of Oliver’s hypotheses regarding the influence of institutional aspects, particularly those pertaining to the causes of the adoption of PM practices, the pattern in which these are diffused and the influence of constituency multiplicity and dependence, but also identify some areas requiring conceptual refinement in this respect.     

A longitudinal study of the interplay of corporate collapse,accounting failure and governance change in Australia: Early 1890s to early 2000s

The “surprise” element of many corporate failures during calamitous periods typically results in criticisms of accountants and auditors and their principles, practices and standards and typically leads to governance reforms including those related to the preparation and audit of corporate financial reports. Set in Australia, this historical study presents the results of an examination of four rounds of heavy and unexpected corporate collapses across a number of sectors which occurred in the early 1890s, early 1960s, late 1980s/early 1990s and the early 2000s. The longitudinal study examines the interplay of corporate collapse, accounting failure and governance change within these periods and seeks to elucidate the continued implication of accounting in corporate scandals despite the governance reforms that were introduced after each calamitous period in order to alleviate or curtail future failures. The study applies an investigatory framework for analysis purposes which draws upon Clarke, 2004, Clarke, 2007 perspective on cycles of crisis and regulation, Jones's (2011a) model of the potential for accounting failure and the scholarly literature on legal conceptions of rule effectiveness.     

Group Welfare and the Formation of a Common Labor Market: Some Global Results

Consider a collection of isolated or autarkic regions. The original residents or natives of each region are by assumption a group with a welfare function defined over group members' consumption. Now suppose the regions form a common labor market and a federal government, and one type from each group can freely migrate to other regions. Under what circumstances is this change even potentially beneficial to all groups? We derive a necessary and sufficient condition that depends only on the exogenous parameters of our model. Earlier treatments of these issues focus on relationships among endogenous variables. Our condition underlies those relationships. We also show that there is nothing pathological about the conditions under which federalism must make some or all groups worse off. When it is possible to make all groups better off, we show that the change can be supported by Wildasin's (1991) corrected Nash equilibrium in redistributive transfers.