离岸服务战略重塑跨国公司的竞争优势

由于信息技术的发展,越来越多的服务产品变成可分割的,从而增加了服务的可贸易性。这种变革促使制造业跨国公司将其服务活动离岸经营或进行国际外包,而服务型跨国公司扩张的可能性也大大增加了。离岸服务战略的实施重塑了各类跨国企业的竞争优势,提高了全球化条件下企业的国际竞争力。     

Competitive resource sharing by Internet Service Providers

We look at non-cooperative resource sharing (a generalization of paid peering) among Internet Service Providers (ISPs), where individually rational providers who not only compete for customers but also participate in resource sharing, in order to utilize underlying complementarities in cost structures. In particular, we are interested in the following question: would simple, easy-to-implement access pricing mechanisms guarantee ex-ante participation in resource sharing even by providers who, subsequent to deciding participation, engage in competition for customers, set access prices and make routing decisions? We first show that, in presence of linear access pricing, participation in the sharing arrangement is possible, but not guaranteed. We then show that a two-part tariff guarantees participation in the sharing agreement—this is not obvious given that resource sharing alters customer bases. We also show that our mechanism is robust to providers mis-reporting their types. Next, we show that, though both providers choose strictly positive customer bases, one of the them has no incentive to utilize the resources of the other and effectively acts as a resource supplier, whereas the other provider utilizes both resources. Finally, we show the robustness of our results to different cost structure and game forms, and provide some policy implications. Our results have significant implications not only for policy design since they suggest that paid peering should be encouraged but also for design of realistic traffic engineering protocols.     

以独特的绿色企业形象赢得竞争优势

本文认为,绿色企业形象是新时代的最佳企业形象,并有利于打破绿色壁垒,塑造以可持续发展为宗旨的绿色形象是企业的必然选择.绿色企业形象应以可持续发展为己任,将环境利益和对环境的管理纳入企业经营管理全过程.绿色企业形象的塑造,往往是通过建立绿色企业形象识别系统,并组织实施来达到目的,而且必须与顾客满意战略、企业核心能力的培育、品牌资产的运营结合起来.     

Competitive advantage through service differentiation by manufacturing companies

This paper examines the relationship among the complexity of customer needs, customer centricity, innovativeness, service differentiation, and business performance within the context of companies that have made a service transition from pure goods providers to service providers. A survey of 332 manufacturing companies provides the basis for the empirical investigation. One key finding is that a strong emphasis on service differentiation can lead to a manufacturing firm's strategies for customer centricity being less sensitive to increasingly complex customer needs, which can increase a firm's payoff for customer centricity. In contrast, the payoff from innovativeness appears to be higher if the firm focuses its resources on either product or service innovation; that is, a dual focus does not work well. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for researchers and managers.     

完善市场,提高机电产品的竞争力

加入ＷＴＯ,中国的机电产品需要提高竞争力,这是人们的共识和担忧。竞 争力的提高需要竞争的市场。中国一些机电产品的竞争力不强的关键原因之一是 市场不完善。因此,应该尽快完善国内市场,为机电产品竞争力的提高创造良好的 市场环境。     

Competitive analysis

Despite the strategic importance of understanding competitive structure and the dynamics of competitive behavior, there has been almost no empirical study of how managers perform these analyses. We provide a conceptualization of how competitive analyses can be framed by decision makers and for researching how human biases in decision making and corporate culture impact on the nature and use of competitive analysis information.We are grateful for the comments of George Day, Peter Dickson, Pete Fader, Don Lehmann, Rajan Varadarajan, and David Wheaton on an earlier version of this paper.     

知识资本驱动的技术创业企业成长机理研究

摘要：在推动技术创业成长的诸多因素中,知识资本的作用越来越引起人们的关注。在界定技术创业和知识资本内涵及其关系模式的基础上,构建起知识资本驱动的技术创业企业成长模型．分析了知识资本和技术创业之间的相互作用机理,以寻求企业快速高效成长的根源,为企业加强对知识资本的有效管理提供依据。     

Competitive versus Comparative Advantage

I explore the interactions between comparative, competitive and absolute advantage in a two‐country model of oligopoly in general equilibrium. Comparative advantage always determines the direction of trade, but both competitive and absolute advantage affect resource allocation, trade patterns and trade volumes. Competitive advantage in the sense of more home firms drives foreign firms out of marginal sectors but also makes some marginal home sectors uncompetitive. Absolute advantage in the sense of a uniform fall in home costs tends to raise home output in all sectors but also leads both countries to specialise less in accordance with comparative advantage.     

Industrial Policy and Competitive Advantage. Edited by David B. Audretsch

Small Business Economics -     

从竞争政策的外部性看国际竞争政策协议

近年来 ,要求达成《国际竞争政策协议》的呼声越来越高。本文从成本—收益的角度分析只有在一国竞争政策的外部性使得该国国内竞争管理部门应当改变其竞争政策 ,并且根据国际竞争政策协议采取的措施能够提高世界福利水平的情况下 ,才有必要建立此协议。本文还指出该协议并不一定能使世界贸易体制更具竞争性。     

从国家竞争优势理论看我国汽车行业的竞争力

运用波特的竞争优势理论,从微观、中观、宏观竞争机制三个方面,根据近年我国汽车产业发展实际,结合TC指数、国际市场份额、劳动生产率三项主要指标,分析我国汽车产业的竞争力状况,有针对性的提出提高汽车行业竞争力应将产业由投资推进阶段过渡到创新推进阶段,培养无形资产和建立先进营销体系,调整政府的政策行为。     

中小企业集群竞争力与地方政府能力关联度分析

企业集群竞争力越来越成为区域经济发展的源泉和推动力。各级地方政府想方设法寻求本地区企业集群及集群竞争力的形成。而中小企业集群是企业之间自发交往形成的,是资本渴求生存和发展的必然性,并不是地方政府主观创造出来的;但是这不表明地方政府对此无能为力,处于被动地位,它的以构建市场环境为基础的能力对企业集群形成同样重要.     

基于资源的企业竞争优势

基于企业资源基础论能够看出企业资源、核心资源、核心竞争力与持续的竞争优势之间的逻辑关系,企业应根据所处的环境、行业以及自身制定的企业使命、战略目标,在各种资源之中甄别出其中的核心资源,并通过对这类核心资源的积聚、转移以及增值过程,使企业获得持续的竞争优势。     

比较优势和竞争优势——发展中国家的两难选择

伴随着以知识经济和技术创新为主导的经济全球化浪潮的不断推进,国际产业结构加速调整升级,如何定位自己在国际产业链中的位置,如何使经济更快更健康的发展,发展中国家面临着比较优势和竞争优势两种理论指导思维的选择,每一种选择都存在困难和风险,但从长期的发展来看,要想更快的缩小与发达国家之间的差距,以竞争优势为主导的对外贸易及经济发展战略是最现实的选择。     

浅析小企业的竞争策略

<正>小企业是指劳动力、劳动手段或劳动对象在企业中集中程度较低或者生产和交易数量规模较小的企业。由于小企业在经济发展中的重大作用,小企业的生存和发展越来越受到人们的重视,它的地位和作用也越来越为人们所认识。小企业在发展中有自身的优势,但也面临着     

沃尔玛的竞争战略分析

沃尔玛连续50年超常规发展,每隔10年上一级台阶,稳坐零售业第一把交椅,其低价策略、供应链策略、会员制策略等市场竞争战略和效率非常值得借鉴。沃尔玛市场竞争战略的核心是成本领先。     

Competitive advantage the Toyota way

For a firm to experience long-term sustained competitive advantage it must invest in human resources and deploy its scarce assets in the core areas that can most effectively provide the underpinning of a sustained competitive advantage. Gary R Fane, M Reza Vaghefi, Cheryl Van Deusen and Louis A Woods say that Japanese car maker Toyota is a supreme example of a company that has done just that.     

Retailer Pricing and Competitive Effects

Until recently, retailers have taken an either/or approach to competition: either reacting fiercely to competitive price changes or ignoring them altogether. Today, however, firms make a concerted effort to determine and quantify competitive effects. In this paper, we focus on how pricing and competitive effects interact as a general phenomenon, particularly as it applies to retailing. We attempt to construct a general framework that enhances our understanding of the emerging research issues in the area of pricing and competitive effects, and we examine their implications for practice. The areas that show high promise/opportunity are in the online setting for all types of goods—fashion, perishable and packaged staples, and durables—particularly with respect to pricing for profitability and understanding the impact of competition. Other opportunities include understanding the pricing and competitive effects in the perishable goods category sold in specialty, discount, and convenience stores.     

企业文化与企业竞争力

每一个人都具有某些心理学家所说的个性,而一个企业也同样有自己的个性,这种个性我们称为企业的文化。随着社会的不断发展,企业文化已不断受到重视,但把企业文化上升到提高企业竞争力的高度,还是不算多见的。在管理实践中,企业文化确确实实起到了增强企业竞争力,促进企业成长的作用,现代企业应积极建设自己的企业文化,使得企业文化在提高企业竞争力的过程,发挥其应有的贡献。