Factors influencing purchase intent in virtual worlds: a review of the literature

Previous empirical studies have identified several factors that seem to play a role in determining purchase intent in virtual worlds; three-dimensional online environments in which users interact while represented by their avatars. So far however, a clear overview of these factors is lacking, and the question that remains is what factors affect purchase intent most. Therefore, this study aims to create an overview of factors that influence users’ purchase intent in virtual worlds, and to subsequently identify the most influential factors. To conduct this review, relevant literature was gathered using a variety of search engines and keywords. An article had to explicitly study factors influencing purchase intent in virtual worlds in order to be included in this review. This search method resulted in a selection of twelve relevant articles that were used for further analysis. Results show that perceived enjoyment, social influence, customization and ease of use are important factors that influence purchase intent in virtual worlds. Enjoyment of the virtual world, beliefs and attitudes of others, avatar customization, and easy-to-use virtual world applications can thus increase users’ willingness to purchase products in the virtual world. Practical implications as well as limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Understanding consumption in social virtual worlds: A sensemaking perspective on the consumption of virtual goods

Virtual consumption involves consuming virtual goods in cyberspace. Virtual consumption activities are evolving into an essential activity in social virtual worlds. Despite the growing importance of this activity, little research examines this phenomenon. The current study investigates the fundamental question of how users understand the consumption of virtual goods. Using the theory of social representations and core-periphery analysis, this study elicits and analyzes the social representation of virtual consumption. Study participants are 154 Second Life users. Results identify 32 concepts and relationships representing the collective perceptions of virtual consumption in this social virtual world. Social representation map interpretations point to several key themes that provide a foundation for future investigations of virtual economy consumption behavior.     

新精算规定下的万能险公平价值问题分析

基于万能险的金融风险,给出了个人账户的价值模型,运用实物期权的基本思想与方法,在连续死亡效力情形下建立了万能险保单的公平价值模型,得到了公平定价的封闭形式解,实证分析表明,新精算规定的收费是公平的,模型结果与实际相符合。     

Macroeconomic Context,Relationships with Stockholders and Strategic Factors in the Determination of Brazilian Corporations' Performance

ABSTRACT

With the purpose to identify the intensity of the existent relationships in the explanatory topology of corporations' financial performances, comprised by the three dimensions of macroeconomic context, resource management strategies and relationships with stockholders, Brazilian corporations which were active from the year of 1996 to 2000 were analyzed. Based on the understanding of the relationships among the three dimensions previously mentioned, a structural model was adopted and as the methodology for the measurement and analysis of the relationships among constructs, the parameters estimation method used was the Partial Least Squares. As a result, the resource allocation strategies were identified as the critical factor in the performance of the analyzed corporations.

RESUMEN. Las empresas brasileñas de capital abierto fueron estudiadas a lo largo del período 1996 a 2000, con el objeto de identificar la intensidad de las relaciones existentes en la topología explicativa del desempeño financiero de dichas organizaciones, constituida por las dimensiones, el contexto macroeconómico, las estrategias de gestión de sus recursos y su relación con sus stockholders. Cubriendo especialmente la comprensión de las relaciones entre las dimensiones presentadas, adoptamos un modelo estructural y, como metodología de mensuración y análisis de las relaciones entre los constructos, la estimación de parámetros en base al método Partial Least Squares. Como resultado, logramos identificar que las estrategias de asignación de recursos son un factor determinante del desempeño de las organizaciones estudiadas.

RESUMO. Com o objetivo de identificar as intensidades das relações existentes na topologia explicativa constituída pelas dimensões ambiente competitivo, estratégias competitivas, relações com stakeholders e o desempenho das organizações, foram estudadas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, ativas no período entre 1996 e 2000. Com foco no entendimento das relações entre as dimensões apresentadas, foi adotado um modelo estrutural e como metodologia de mensuração e análise das relações entre os constructos, a estimação de parâmetros pelo método Partial Least Squares. Como resultado, as estratégias competitivas foram identificadas a como fator determinante do desempenho das organizações estudadas.