Linking Product Evaluations and Purchase Intention for Country-of-Origin Effects

Abstract

This paper reports an experimental study concerned with the observed inconsistency between evaluative and behavioral data for country-of-origin (COO) effects. This issue is addressed by specifying conceptual relationships among three criterion variables-consumer evaluations of product quality, perceived product value, and purchase intention in the context of COO effects. The results showed that COO information had a direct effect on overall product evaluation and an indirect effect (through product evaluation) on perceived product value, which in turn determined purchase intention. In addition, purchase intention was also directly affected by brand name and price factors, but not by COO. Moreover, it was also revealed that COO and brand name had a similar impact on overall product evaluation. On the whole, this study suggests that it may be premature to claim less significant importance and role of COO information in influencing purchase intentions or behaviors. Rather, the exact nature of COO effects for behavioral consequences might be much more complex than what has been assumed in most previous studies. The present investigation represents an initial effort in providing empirical evidence of how COO information may impact evaluative and behavioral variables differently in the consumer decision process. Managerial implications of this study are discussed.     

产品伤害事件对消费者品牌忠诚度的影响机制研究

本文从产品伤害事件的感知损失程度的角度,研究了产品伤害事件的感知损失程度与品牌感知风险、品牌情感、品牌信任、品牌忠诚之间的关系。文章认为,产品伤害事件中的感知损失与感知风险正相关,与品牌情感、品牌信任负相关;感知风险与品牌情感、品牌信任负相关;品牌情感、品牌信任与品牌忠诚正相关。产品伤害事件对品牌忠诚度影响的机制是产品伤害事件以及与该事件相关的各项信息形成消费者的感知损失与感知风险,进而影响品牌情感与品牌信任,最后导致品牌忠诚度的改变。文章提出,在产品伤害事件不幸发生后,最佳的处理方式是尽量通过各种可能的措施使消费者感到本公司值得信赖,相信公司能够在未来避免此类事件再次发生,能够确保消费者的利益,从而减少消费者对该品牌的疑虑,减弱对该品牌的感知风险,只有这样才能尽量维持消费者对该品牌的喜爱与信任,并进而维持对该品牌的忠诚度。     

Virtual Product Placement as a New Approach to Measure Effectiveness of Placements

Product placement is a fast growing multi-billion dollar industry, yet measures of its effectiveness, which influence the critical area of pricing, have been problematic. Past attempts to measure the effect of a placement and, therefore, provide a basis for pricing of placements, have been confounded by the effect on consumers of multiple prior exposures of a brand name in all marketing communications. Virtual product placement offers certain advantages: as a tool to measure the effectiveness of product placements; as assistance with the problem in the lack of audience selectivity in traditional product placement; as a testing of different audiences for brands; and in addressing a gap in the existing academic literature by focusing on the impact of product placement on recall and recognition of new brands.     

价格战对企业的影响：理论与实证分析

价格战是一把＂双刃剑＂,能有效提高企业市场占有率、扩大产品知名度,但运用不当会给企业带来很多负面影响。奥克斯集团的成功在于对价格战的深刻理解和灵活运用,即价格战不是企业成功的长久之策,技术创新和品牌等核心竞争力才是企业持续发展的源泉,只有具备核心竞争力的企业才能在价格竞争中取得最后的胜利。     

自有品牌对连锁商业品牌战略的影响分析

零售商实施品牌战略是制造商和零售商之间垂直竞争加剧的产物,也是应对零售商之间水平竞争的需要.零售商品牌战略包括企业品牌和商品及服务品牌两个层次.作为零售商商品品牌的重要内容,自有品牌通过企业品牌和制造商品牌两个路径对零售企业的品牌战略产生影响.为保证品牌战略的有效实施,零售企业必须处理好业态选择、品类管理、品牌策略的管理等.     

浙江民营企业实施多层次品牌战略的理性思考

本文针对浙江民营企业创建自主品牌过程中存在的误区,结合浙江区域经济的特点,构建了适合浙江民营企业的多层次品牌战略框架。建议浙江民企要有效利用目前的优势,科学地进行品牌规划,努力形成品牌核心竞争资源,实现可持续发展。     

Do Store Image and Price Perception Matter to Store Brand Equity?

Store brands account for 41% of the Spanish market share in 2011, and a further increase is expected in the next year due to the economic crisis, which makes up an increasingly competitive market. Previous literature suggests that price and store image are antecedents with a relevant influence on store brand equity. Our study aims to analyze if the store image and price perception matter to store brand equity. A quantitative study was carried out obtaining a total of 362 valid responses. Results show that both variables have a positive influence on store brand equity, store image being the more relevant factor. The study is of great interest for retailers who wish to increase the value proposition.     

浅析影响汽车销售的几点因素

最新统计数据显示目前中国已经成为世界排名第二的汽车大国,汽车销售行业前景十分看好,本文就影响汽车销售的因素特别是普通消费者最关心的汽车价格与质量、品牌、使用成本以及售后服务等问题展开简要分析,希望能减少汽车消费过程中出现的不和谐因素,提高消费者的满意度,从而推动汽车行业向良好、健康的方向发展。     

品牌延伸战略中营销两因素的影响及分析

为了能更好为企业制定品牌延伸战略服务,增加企业实现企业的品牌延伸的成功率,本文尝试选取营销环节中的营销渠道和产品价格两个因素作为突破口,针对营销渠道指出:产品线内的品牌延伸可共享企业的已有的渠道资源,针对产品价格指出,可以依据企业具体情况,采取价格向上延伸和价格向下延伸的策略。     

基于产品信任的我国自主品牌培育研究

产品信任是消费者信任的重要一环,是品牌形成与发展的根本.产品信任有利于消费者对企业品牌产生美好的印象及感知;产品信任有利于形成"口碑效应",提升企业的满意度,为更多的消费者所认知;产品信任会产生消费者对该产品的重复购买行为,带来品牌的忠诚度提升.产品信任条件下自主品牌的培育,应以产品为本,获取消费者信任,构建自主品牌;履行承诺,积累自主品牌资产;加强监管,预防信任缺失,防范自主品牌信任危机.     

Can good news be bad? The role of brand communication strategy and brand commitment in the announcement of product improvements

Although product improvements are usually good news, this research reveals that brands can be affected negatively depending on the level of brand commitment and on the type of communication strategy chosen by the brand. More specifically, this research examines how high-commitment consumers react to product improvements, and how these consumers respond to a communication strategy in which a brand admits that the new product version improves upon a previous inferior product (herein referred to as ‘honesty strategy’). Results of an online study reveal that product improvement is perceived more negatively by high- (compared to low-) commitment consumers, and that these consumers react more negatively and attribute manipulative intent when the brand uses an honesty strategy. This research shows that brands need to be cautious in communicating product improvements to consumers, particularly to its most committed ones. An admission that a product improvement significantly enhances the quality of a previous (inferior) product may backfire with committed consumers.     

Loyalty differences in the use of internal and external reference prices

Recent findings in reference price research suggest that consumer characteristics may affect whether they use an internal reference price (IPR) or an external reference price (ERP) in price judgments. In this paper, we investigate the role of one such characteristic, brand loyalty, in the use of either type of reference price. Specifically, we employ a latent class-type approach to divide consumers on the basis of their brand loyalty into an ERP and an IRP segment. Analysis of the margarine and liquid detergents categories shows that consumers who are highly loyal to a brand are likely to use external reference prices whereas less brand-loyal consumers rely on internal reference prices. We discuss the implications of this finding and suggest directions for future research.     

价格定位、品牌建设及其优化措施

价格定位是企业品牌外在的、量化表现,在与顾客的品牌沟通中,价格定位最有效也更有说服力,因而是企业塑造其品牌的关键。然而,我国企业对品牌的价格定位普遍重视不足,存在品牌价格定位游移不定、组织基础薄弱、管理过程低效等弊端,需要我们从加强品牌价格定位的组织性、价格管理过程优化及避免价格战对品牌价格定位的伤害等方面来进行改革,以提升我国企业品牌的竞争力。