知识集聚视角下高技术企业自主创新风险评价模型研究

自主创新是企业自主研究和开发全新技术并实现产业化的过程,是知识学习、知识积累和知识创造的知识集聚行为,具有高投入、长周期、高风险特点。对于高技术企业而言,自主创新也是企业赢得市场份额的重要途径之一。由于自主创新是一项高风险的研发活动,高技术企业要避免和减少损失,将威胁转化为机会,就必须对自主创新风险进行有效控制,而准确找出风险因素是自主创新风险控制的基础。从知识集聚视角,分析了高技术企业自主创新演进的主要阶段,随后探讨了高技术企业在自主创新演进阶段的风险因素,构建了高技术企业自主创新风险CTPC-D模型。最后,对模型运用提出了相关措施与建议。     

由封闭式创新向开放式创新的转变

开放式创新是指企业利用和整合外部知识资源进行创新和商业化过程,以及将内部有价值的创意、知识、技术输出到组织外部,由其它组织来进行商业化过程。本文比较了开放式创新与封闭式创新模式的内涵、基本原则及绩效,分析了中国产业发展所面临的创新模式封闭、自主创新能力不足的问题,在此基础上提出在开放式创新范式下的产业和企业发展新举措。     

高技术产业集聚与创新绩效的交互影响及空间溢出效应——创新价值链视角下的空间联立方程研究

依据创新价值链理论,将创新过程分为技术研发和成果转化两个阶段,利用2005-2018年中国内地30个省域面板数据,构建空间联立方程模型,考察高技术产业集聚与创新绩效的交互影响及空间溢出效应。结果表明,总体而言,高技术产业集聚与创新绩效在创新两阶段均存在双向促进作用和正向空间溢出效应,二者的地区交互影响具有阶段差异性,即邻近地区高技术产业集聚对本地创新绩效的影响在技术研发阶段为正、在成果转化阶段不显著,邻近地区创新绩效对本地高技术产业集聚的影响在两阶段均为负;分时段看,高技术产业集聚与创新绩效的双向促进作用和空间溢出效应随时间推移有所减弱,其地区交互作用则随时间推移有所增强,且在空间溢出效应中表现出创新阶段差异性。     

金融集聚对高技术产业两阶段创新的影响研究

文章基于中国2009—2019年省际面板数据,从阶段异质性视角出发,分析金融集聚对高技术产业创新的影响。研究发现：一是金融集聚推动了高技术产业技术研发和成果转化阶段的创新,且这种提升效应具有行业异质性,银行业集聚和保险业集聚对高技术产业两阶段创新的促进作用更明显;二是机制检验发现,金融集聚能够通过创新资金投入和人力资本结构演进两种途径促进高技术产业两阶段创新,且创新资金投入为“优势路径”;三是拓展性研究发现,在技术研发阶段,金融集聚的“极化效应”仍占主导地位,无法促进近邻地区技术研发创新;但在成果转化阶段,金融集聚已经跨越了“极化效应”,在金融中心成熟后金融资源达到了有效的溢出,反哺临近地区创新的“涓流效应”开始体现。文章的研究明确了金融集聚与高技术产业两阶段创新的关系,对中国正在推进的金融中心建设和高技术产业创新发展具有一定的参考价值。     

从模仿创新到自主创新的知识跨越——基于知识转化的研究

模仿创新和自主创新是近年来的研究热点,但从知识角度进行的研究却较少。结合产品开发阶段和知识转化理论,对模仿创新和自主创新进行了研究,分析了模仿创新和自主创新在知识转化SECI过程阶段的区别,指出从模仿创新到自主创新的知识跨越过程:两轮驱动、三阶跃迁、4个转化,结合TCL企业案例进行了实证研究,对我国企业进行自主创新具有一定的借鉴意义。     

从模仿创新到自主创新的知识跨越

模仿创新和自主创新是近年来的研究热点,但从知识角度进行的研究却较少。结合产品开发阶段和知识转化理论,对模仿创新和自主创新进行了研究,分析了模仿创新和自主创新在知识转化SECI过程阶段的区别,指出从模仿创新到自主创新的知识跨越过程：两轮驱动、三阶跃迁、4个转化,结合TCL企业案例进行了实证研究,对我国企业进行自主创新具有一定的借鉴意义。     

人力资本、知识创新与服务业空间集聚——基于省际面板数据的计量分析

选取中国31省份2000—2012年的服务业面板数据,考虑人力资本和知识创新的集聚效应,建立服务业空间集聚的面板计量模型,实证检验人力资本、知识创新与服务业空间集聚之间的经济关系。结果表明:人力资本对当地服务业集聚有着显著的正向促进作用,人力资本要素产生地区比较优势,形成人力资源的蓄水池,服务企业越有可能向该地区集聚,形成优势积累和空间集聚发展;知识创新对当地服务业集聚有着显著的正向促进作用,知识创新的增强,导致在本地区集聚的企业间产生知识和技术的传播、交流,激发企业创新活动,形成区域知识创新外溢效应和集聚效应。研究还发现,经济发展水平、城市化对服务业集聚具有积极影响作用,短期内,工业发展水平对服务业集聚具有促进作用,而从长期来看,过高的工业经济比例对服务业集聚具有挤出效应,对外开放水平和政府干预能力对服务业集聚影响并不显著。     

基于知识管理理论的创新型企业人才内涵、分类及管理策略研究

从知识结构、知识学习能力、合作意识、创新意识和共同愿景5个维度界定了知识管理视角的创新型企业人才内涵,并将创新型企业人才分为知识构思人才、知识生产人才、知识商业化人才和知识协调人才。知识管理与人才管理相互联系、相互作用,形成企业创新过程中并行、互嵌的循环过程,加强创新型企业人才管理,需要从知识管理的角度,优化人才选拔、加强培训开发、完善绩效考核、合理设计薪酬、培育企业文化。     

基于企业自主创新的知识管理研究

企业自主技术创新的过程实质上就是企业充分吸收与利用外部知识,并与内部知识进行整合形成新知识的过程.文章阐述了企业自主创新过程中的主要知识活动,并分析了如何对知识获取、知识学习、知识创新进行管理来提升自主创新的效率,提升企业的自主创新能力.     

中国高技术服务业集聚发展现状及政策建议

知识共享网络的形成、专业化劳动力市场的形成、基础设施的提升、品牌化运作、服务的互补性是高技术服务业发展的理论基础。据此,促进高技术服务业集聚发展的政策建议为:在国家与地方规划层面上重视高技术服务业集聚发展,加快高技术服务区域品牌建设,开展高技术服务集聚区批量筹资试点等。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。