金融系统计算机安全存在的问题

随着我国金融电子化建设的发展,计算机系统在金融领域的应用几乎渗透到各个部门和各业务处理过程,然而计算机系统本身的不安全性(如网络缺乏安全保障、软件设计的不周全性、硬件的脆弱性、系统的开放性与安全性的矛盾)和人为的攻击破坏(如病毒的侵扰、黑客、计算机犯罪等)以及安全管理制度的不完善都潜伏很多安全隐患,严重时可导致系统瘫痪,影响整个银行的业务和声誉,造成巨大的经济损失和不良的社会影响.就计算机犯罪现象,朱镕基总理曾经指出:"这是一个信号,我们的银行要抓电脑技术,不能落在犯罪分子的后面."因此,如何加强系统的安全管理,防范金融风险,规范和提高计算机管理工作已成为金融行业信息化建设的一项重要内容.     

银行信息安全风险自评估的流程和方法

随着金融信息化的不断深入，信息化给国内商业银行带来利益的同时，也带来了新的安全问题，信息系统本身的不安全因素和人为的攻击破坏及安全管理制度的不完善或执行不到位等，都潜伏着很多安全隐患。特别是业务数据的集中处理，使业务服务的连续性风险随之集中，大到自然灾害、设计规划不当，小到意外的人为操作错误，都可能导致系统故障，威胁银行的业务开展和对外声誉。因此，各家银行急需建立完善的信息安全保障体系，防范信息安全风险。[第一段]     

如何提高银行计算机业务系统的内部安全防范能力

随着金融电子化的发展，银行计算机业务系统面临着越来趄多的安全性问题。本文从安全技术、安奎策略和安全管理三个方面分析了如何提高计算机业务系统的内郜安全防范能力。     

浅谈金融业务应用系统安全运行管理

一、金融业务系统的安全问题(一)计算机的浪费和失误计算机资源的浪费和失误是造成计算机问题的一个主要原因,由于对业务应用系统和资源的管理不善以及人为因素造成的系统失败、错误等计算机问题,直接影响金融企业的投入产出效益并带来更大风险,是系统安全管理的一个方面。(二)     

业务系统数据存储备份与安全管理工作存在的问题与建议

随着基层央行金融信息化建设不断深入发展,以及近些年不断上线使用的业务系统,在促进金融业务创新和发展的同时,各类业务系统的数据存储备份和安全管理工作是当前不容忽视的问题。     

国库新业务风险防范的难点与监管对策

近年来，随着财政国库管理制度改革，政府收支分类制度改革的不断深入、非税收入征缴方式的变化以及财税库银税收收入电子缴库横向联网系统的不断推广，国库会计核算的内容、流程和处理方法都发生了很大的变化，对国库管理和风险防范提出了更高的要求，国库监管也面临着更加坚巨的任务。如何提高对新业务的监管水平，确保国库资金安全成为一个新问题。本文在分析国库新业务发展特点的基础上，试提出加强监管、防范风险的一些对策建议。     

加强基层央行计算机信息系统安全保密管理的几点思考

随着支付系统（ABS，TBS）、货币金银管理信息系统、人民币银行结算账户管理系统、企业征信管理系统及办公自动化等重要业务系统的上线运行，使基层央行计算机信息系统面临着较大的安全风险，如计算机信息系统本身的不安全性、人为的攻击破坏、计算机信息安全管理制度的不完善等。因此，如何确保计算机信息系统的安全保密是摆在我们面前的一项重要课题，下面就基层央行如何加强计算机信息系统安全保密管理谈几点思考。     

论商业银行在个人住房贷款中的风险及法律防范

目前,由于我国个人住房贷款业务还存在基础设施建设落后、个人征信系统不够完善等问题,所以,在住房金融业务发展的同时,个人住房贷款也给各商业银行金融信贷业务带来了许多风险及问题。本文阐述了商业银行在个人住房贷款中存在的风险,银行如何做到风险的法律防范。     

论商业银行在个人住房贷款中的风险及法律防范

目前,由于我国个人住房贷款业务还存在基础设施建设落后、个人征信系统不够完善等问题,所以,在住房金融业务发展的同时,个人住房贷款也给各商业银行金融信贷业务带来了许多风险及问题。本文阐述了商业银行在个人住房贷款中存在的风险,银行如何做到风险的法律防范。     

基层央行计算机安全工作的现状、风险及建议

随着人民银行电子化建设步伐的不断加快,其应用层次不断深入,计算机的应用几乎渗透到人民银行的各个部门和各业务处理过程.然而,计算机系统本身的不安全性(如网络缺乏安全保障、软件设计的不周全性、硬件的脆弱性、系统的开放性)和人为的攻击破坏(如病毒的侵扰、黑客、计算机犯罪等)以及安全管理制度的不完善,使业务电子化过程中潜伏着很多安全隐患,严重时可导致业务瘫痪,影响人民银行的声誉,造成巨大的经济损失和不良的社会影响.金融电子化、网络化程度越高,这种危险就越大.金融是经济的宏观调控部门,计算机安全问题始终是基层央行的首要问题.因此,如何加强计算机安全管理,防范风险,已成为基层央行电子化建设的一项重要内容.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.