外资企业服务采购案例分析及对国内企业的启示

随着经济的发展、组织结构和管理方式的变革,服务采购应运而生,以便降低成本、提高效率、提高组织核心竞争力.以一家国际化集团公司在中国的服务采购为例,描述了服务采购的概念及特点,列举了外资企业服务采购的内容,总结了服务采购的流程及效果,分析了国内企业服务采购的现状及存在的问题,给出了对国内企业服务采购的启示.     

剖析顾家家居四位一体的解决方案之道

近年来,我国制造业遭遇劳动力成本快速上涨、人民币持续升值、融资成本急剧攀升等众多不利因素的制约,导致国内家具企业不堪负重,生产经营举步维艰。国内家具企业生产经营困难重重,不仅仅源于外在因素,内在的发展方向也存在一定的问题。国内大部分家具生产企业将重心放在产品销售及简单的服务上,却忽略了产品自身及综合性服务的重要性。因此直接导致政府及企业客户在家具采购的过程当中遇到诸多问题,如缺乏和装修环境融合的整体规划、     

京东重拳出击,力推政企采购电商化改革

长期布局的政采电商化模式浮出水面。携自营式电商成熟运营经验,京东针对国内政府及企业采购市场,力求打造＂政企采购全面解决方案供应商＂的新角色,为政企采购提供＂一站式＂电商解决方案,全面推动政企采购电商化模式革新,加快阳光采购发展步伐。京东也亮出了进军政企采购市场的四大法宝：电商技术平台和服务、自营正品品质保障、完善的自建物流体系和专业大客户服务团队。     

准确合理编预算 精益求精推采购——关于推进物业服务采购科学流程及合理编制定额预算的调研报告

当前，随着采购人物业服务社会化的意识不断增强，采购人逐步将原先自行组织的保洁、保安等服务项目通过政府采购委托专业物业服务企业。     

采购组织结构设计研究

首先,提出了影响采购组织结构设计的基本要素,然后,从多分支机构、单体组织以及采购职能等不同层面提出采购组织结构设计的思路及方法,最后探讨了采购组织结构设计中更为复杂的采购职位群方法。这些探讨,对于企业采购实践,有一定指导意义。     

张红梅 阳光印网助力企业降本增效

后疫情时代,降本增效成为企业管理者应对环境不确定性的一致选择,越来越多的企业更关注成本控制,这为专注企业非核心事务采购的阳光印网带来巨大的发展机遇。阳光印网是国内最大的以帮助企业降低采购成本为目标的企业定制品采购平台,其自主研发的智能采购管理SaaS系统和遍布全国的供应商生态体系,为企业采购定制品提供了高效的数字化采购管理工具和供应链服务,可以普遍为企业降低5%-30%的采购成本。     

用拥有总成本模型优选供应商

在企业将采购活动外包的情况下,产品的采购演变为对采购功能的采购——即对第三方的采购服务能力和产品本身的采购。在合同制造(contractmanufacture)的生产模式下,虽然表面上看企业是将制造合同分包出去,但实际上则是对产品生产制造功能的采购,这其中就包括了对分包商采购能力的采购。在JIT(Just-in-Time)或者精益制造(leanmanufacture)的基本生产模式下,如果再加上合同制造、离岸外包、供应商管理存货(VMI),持续补货计划(continuousreplenishmentprogram)和供应链管理等生产组织形式,则企业对产品或零部件的采购将完全变成对供应服务…     

基于互联网的电子采购模式研究

将电子采购与以往采购方式进行了比较,论述了电子采购的基本过程及在国际上的应用情况。讨论了电子采购的三种模式及其优缺点和技术特点。并结合企业规模、采购类型等各个因素,分析了不同企业应如何选择电子采购模式。最后阐述了国内电子采购的现状及前景。     

永远的第三方：从物流到采购的模式变迁

伴随着竞争的日益加剧，越来越多的企业将非核心业务交给外部组织承担。第三方物流就是指由供方与需方以外的物流企业提供物流服务的业务模式。第三方物流的出现，标志着我国物流管理进入了一个全新的阶段。而随着外包服务的不断扩展，第三方采购也渐渐浮出水面，正蓬勃发展成一个行业。顾名思义，第三方采购是企业将产品与服务采购外包给第三方公司。国外的经验表明，与企业自己进行采购相比，第三方采购往往可以提供更多的价值和购买经验，可以帮助企业集中精力专注于核心竞争力。     

基于INTERNET的订货销售型物流系统分析

从目前物流企业经营的商业模式看，物流配送企业有两种类型，一是为客户提供单一的物流服务；第二种情况是物流配送企业根据客户的需求组织采购并对客户提供门到门的物流供应服务，由于该类型物流企业的规模及专业采购优势，使得物流供应成本较低，具有较强的竞争能力，随着物流业不断地发展，订货、销售型物流系统将越来越为人们所重视并采用。     

跨国公司在华物流外包现状分析

跨国公司在华物流运作模式以物流外包为主。文章着重从跨国公司在华物流外包的业务范围、物流服务商的类型和选择方式以及物流外包对其企业绩效的影响等方面进行分析,为"走出去"的我国跨国企业提供物流外包方面的建议。     

The benefits and constraints of temporary sourcing diversification in supply chain disruption and recovery

Sourcing diversification is the preferred hedge to supply chain disruption risks, but many companies insist on single-sourcing for long-term strategic benefits. For rare-but-catastrophic disruptions of fortified supply chains, temporary sourcing diversification has been seen as a desirable response strategy. However, little is known about the conditions to temporary sourcing diversification and the situations where it is applicable. Our fieldwork and comparison of two disaster recoveries at Aisin Seiki and Riken Corporation shows that while temporary sourcing diversification worked in the Aisin Seiki case, it was impossible at Riken due to the high degree of specificity required in the design and manufacturing methods of the disrupted product item, suggesting product and process specificity limits recovery alternatives. Unawareness of such constraints to temporary sourcing diversification may result in over-optimism regarding its feasibility and insufficient disaster preparedness. In addition, the case of Riken’s recovery from an earthquake in 2007 is systematically documented in this paper for the first time.     

Cooperating and competing in supply networks: Making sense of a triadic sourcing strategy

This paper introduces the concept of a “triadic sourcing strategy”. Triadic sourcing is a way for buying companies to nurture and benefit from cooperation and competition between two suppliers with partially overlapping capabilities. In contrast to hybrid sourcing strategies outlined in the literature-parallel and network sourcing—the distinctive feature of triadic sourcing is that the buyer actively creates interdependencies between two suppliers. To illustrate this principle and the characteristics of triadic sourcing, Volvo Cars’ use of two suppliers of seats is described. The paper asserts that triadic sourcing is a dynamic sourcing strategy that contributes to efficiency and innovation for the buyer and the two suppliers, together forming a triad that is subject to firm interdependence and network embeddedness.     

Low cost country sourcing and its effects on the total cost of ownership structure for a medical devices manufacturer

In this paper, we describe a total cost of ownership (TCO) method as an activity-based costing (ABC) application along the value chain to measure and analyse the costs of international sourcing activities. We further describe the method's implementation for a manufacturer of high-tech medical devices. For this case study, we analyse the effects of shifting purchasing volume from traditional procurement market suppliers to low cost country suppliers on the cost structure of purchasing projects. We find that particularly costs at component and supplier level gain importance over traditionally dominating unit level costs. Furthermore, we identify low cost country sourcing as a decision with extensive impact on value chain entities other than purchasing. Finally, a considerable part of costs in low cost country sourcing accrue at the beginning of a purchasing project due to problems stemming from unsatisfactory initial quality, language barriers and intercultural communication.     

Organisational design implications of global sourcing: A multiple case study analysis on the application of control mechanisms

Global sourcing has become an intended practice for many multinational corporations. Organisational design implications of global sourcing are rarely considered although they are one of the main facets of a global sourcing strategy. By elaborating on the information processing perspective of contingency theory, we derive explanations for the application of different control mechanisms in the global sourcing context. Our findings from case studies at eight multinational companies suggest that variations in control mechanisms can be explained by two contingencies: (1) corporate organisational structure and (2) the distribution of purchasing expertise among subsidiaries. Based on these case study findings, we formulate ten propositions for future research.     

Limits to global sourcing?: Strategic consequences of dependency on international suppliers: Cluster theory,resource-based view and case studies

This paper argues for the inclusion of an analysis of industry clusters when making decisions about global or local sourcing. Suppliers are viewed as valuable resources that can contribute to a firm's competitive advantage. Two contrasting case studies illustrate that, contrary to common expectations, a high global sourcing quota does not necessarily improve a firm's competitiveness. Rather, there may be limits to global sourcing, if a firm is unable to become a preferred customer of its strategic suppliers. Achieving preferred customer status is easier for firms located in the same regional or national cluster than it is for foreign firms attempting to access a remote supplier. This paper contributes a new and more differentiated approach to global sourcing decisions by integrating the cluster concept. Furthermore, our findings enrich the discourse of strategic management by supporting the view that resources which enable a firm to achieve sustainable competitive advantages can be located beyond its legal boundaries.     

Notes and debate paper: Should merchandising and sourcing be worlds apart? The opportunity for more integrated strategic sourcing research

Whereas retailers are some of the biggest buyers that have some of the highest percentages of external spend as a share of revenue, they are not typically included in strategic sourcing research. Strategic sourcing research originated with a focus on supplies for manufacturing. But the strategic sourcing of merchandise by retailers is not as commonly studied. Merchandise sourcing is often approached very differently from manufacturing sourcing and often different teams of buyers with different roles and responsibilities are involved. Leveraging author industry experience and interviews with strategic sourcing executives in manufacturing and merchandise sourcing this notes and debate paper compares strategic sourcing across these domains and identifies fruitful research opportunities for developing a more comprehensive supply chain approach to strategic sourcing research.     

An interaction approach to global sourcing: A case study of IKEA

This study explores the process of global sourcing through a case of the Swedish furnishing retailer IKEA from an interaction perspective. With a point of departure in the streams of existing research on global sourcing and the internationalization process of firms through networks, a research question is proposed concerning supply network interactions as an influence in the global sourcing process. The study uses an in-depth qualitative case study methodology, focusing on IKEA and its development of a supply network for the PAX wardrobe system during the years 2003–2009. The findings draw on 29 interviews in Sweden and China, ranging from interviews with the supply management function of IKEA to interviews with Swedish and Chinese suppliers and sub-suppliers. The findings show that the global sourcing process is influenced by interactions and network effects between supply network actors. In particular, we find that relationships between suppliers were identified and set up by IKEA, but cascaded into deeper interactions amongst suppliers at different supply network tiers. Our study contributes to global sourcing research in indicating the importance of interaction amongst supply network actors, showing how the global sourcing strategy of one actor may significantly influence the sourcing strategies of other actors. Global sourcing decisions therefore need to be understood and coordinated across global supply networks.     

Implementing sustainable sourcing—Does purchasing need to change?

The implementation of corporate sustainability relies strongly on the purchasing function implementing sustainable sourcing. To advance understanding of this implementation, this paper offers a threefold contribution. First, it operationalises sustainable sourcing and addresses different possibilities of ways it can be implemented according to the company-specific emphasis on each of the three sustainability dimensions; i.e., economic, environmental, and social aspects. Second, this paper identifies, based upon stakeholder theory, internal and external stakeholders and their specific salience to drive the implementation of sustainable sourcing. Furthermore, the content of those salient stakeholders' claims is analysed concerning its impact on individual, company-specific sustainable sourcing profiles. Third, this paper explores how the purchasing function may need to change its internal and external relationships due to and in the course of implementing sustainable sourcing. Covering these three aspects, this conceptual paper concludes with a framework of testable propositions and offers several avenues for further research.     

Assessing supply chain risks with the analytic hierarchy process: Providing decision support for the offshoring decision by a US manufacturing company

This paper reports the process used by a US manufacturing company to assess supply chain risks within the context of an offshore sourcing decision. The case study company was faced with the objective of finding a new supplier for two of its major product lines. Five alternatives were considered: (1) sourcing finished goods from Mexico; (2) sourcing finished goods from China; (3) sourcing parts from China and assembly in the US; (4) sourcing parts from China, assembly in a Maquiladora in Mexico with investment; and (5) sourcing parts from China, assembly in a Maquiladora in Mexico with no investment in the venture. To find the best solution, action research methodology was combined with the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Through iterative and structured discussions, 17 risk factors were identified, which were subsequently grouped into main and sub objectives. AHP was then used to evaluate the importance of each risk factor, and to determine the best alternative. This study makes several contributions to the field of purchasing and supply management. First, it provides a comprehensive framework of empirically derived risk factors to be considered in an international sourcing context. Second, it shows how AHP can be used to assess these risk factors and alternatives as part of the framework to facilitate and support the final offshoring decision. And third, it illustrates the successful application of the approach by a US manufacturing company. As such, this paper contributes to the research streams of offshoring and risk management in purchasing and supply, as well as to decision-making under uncertainty and AHP. In addition, it serves as a practical methodology for firms in similar situations.