What Implications Does COVID-19 Have on Sustainable Economic Development in the Medium and Long Terms?

Given the enormous impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on China’s economy, helping companies to revitalize post-pandemic economic activities promptly is a priority for the whole society. This necessitates the smooth circulation of production-factors among different economic entities, departments, and regions. The pandemic’s huge impact on the economy is evident in the severely hampered flow of these factors, including labor, materials, and capital. Therefore, using data and digital technology, combined with a contact-free allocation of labor, capital, and materials, to accelerate the flow of production-factors is critical to the post-pandemic economy’s restoration. Such a policy can not only provide a short-term stimulus but also a momentum for China’s mid- and long-term sustainable economic development.     

The Role of Middle Class in Economic Development: What Do Cross‐Country Data Show?

This paper investigates the channels through which the middle class may matter for consumption growth. Using several different middle‐class measures and a panel of 105 developing countries spanning the period 1985–2013, we find that a larger middle class influences consumption growth primarily through higher levels of human capital accumulation. There is also a significant direct effect of middle‐class size on consumption growth, which is more pronounced in the latter half of the sample, the 2000–2013 period.     

Analysis on Spatial-temporal Characteristics of the Coordinated Development Degree between Regional Urbanization and Social Economy： A Case Study of Anhni Province

城市化与社会经济发展的协调性是可持续发展实践的核心问题之一。文章利用经济发展的数量参数统计方法和地理空间匹配分析工具对安徽省区域城市化与社会经济协调发展度的时空特征进行分析。结果表明：安徽省区域城市化水平整体落后于社会经济发展综合水平;在2000-2007年,多数地级市的城市化与社会经济发展综合指数及二者协调发展度呈下降趋势;地理空间匹配分析表明,17个地级市的协调发展度的空间分异规律明显。表现为中南部较西北部地区的城市经济协调性水平高。由此看出,安徽省区域城市与经济协调发展具有地域性分片块状的特点,研究结果与实际情况较为符合。     

Study on the Distibution of Migrant Workers＇ Destination -A Case Study of Henan Province

务工目的地选择是农民工空间流动的基础,对其研究有助于在微观层面上了解农民工流动的空间规律。通过对随机分层抽样产生的河南省11个不同类型样本村的实证研究,发现务工目的地大分散、小集中,县内和省外占较大优势。务工者主要集中于东部经济较为发达的省市,中部作为务工源并未形成最核心的务工区域。影响农民工务工距离选择的主要因素是年龄、家庭人口、人均耕地、村经济发展水平、村地形、村交通、离最近城市距离、关系网络等因子。从务工目的地角度观察,在省域尺度上,综合考虑务工目的地经济发展水平和务工距离的务工引力系数在较大程度上解释了农民工对务工目的地的选择,经济较发达、距离较近的目的地是务工者的首选。     

Who's in the Forbes Global 2000? The Role of Home Market,Multinational Firms and Economic Development

We investigate the determinants of the share of very large enterprises that a country has at the industry‐level at the industry‐level, using data from the Forbes Global 2000 across 48 countries and 16 industries in the period of 2004–2010. We find significant and positive evidence for three effects affecting such share: the home market effect (HME), multinational firm effect (MFE) and economic development effect (EDE). A further industry‐specific analysis of the HME suggests that the industry‐level degree of increasing returns to scale may only partly explain the effects being positive without them being different across industries.     

Does Higher Education Affect Economic Growth? The Case of Greece

Abstract

The purpose of the study is twofold: first, it presents an extensive review of empirical studies that have examined the relationship between higher education and economic growth. Second, it estimates the effect of higher education on economic growth in Greece over the period 1960–2009. It applies the model introduced by Mankiw, Romer, and Weil (1992 Mankiw, G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437. doi: 10.2307/2118477[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) by using the higher enrolment rates as a proxy of human capital. The paper employs cointegration and an error-correction model to test the causal relationship between higher education, physical capital investments and economic growth. The empirical analysis reveals that there is a long-run cointegrating relationship between higher education, physical capital investments and economic growth. The elasticity of economic growth with respect to higher education is 0.52%. The results also suggest that there is evidence of unidirectional long-run and short-run Granger causality running from higher education and physical capital investments to economic growth.     

Analyzing the Interaction of Monetary and Fiscal Policy: Does Fiscal Policy Play a Valuable Role in Stabilisation?

This paper provides an overview of recent papers which use estimatedNew Keynesian models to study the extent to which fiscal policycan be used to stabilize the economy. We use a variety of differentNew Keynesian models, estimated on data for both the US andfor the Euro area, and highlight the diverse transmission channelsthrough which fiscal policy acts in these models. Although wefind that fiscal policy can provide a useful complement to monetarypolicy, especially in models where consumers have finite horizons,there are important limitations to the value added of fiscalpolicy. (JEL E58, E62, E63)     

The biodiversity problem in tea-production： the case of Fujian Province,China

Biodiversity is on important concept in ecology,ogriculture and also economics.This paper examines the biodiversity problem in tea-production of Fujian province,China,and tries to improve the biodiversity in Fujian tea industry by illustrating the problem and arousing the public concern about it ,which is the main contribution and the purpose of the problem in detail at first.In the next section it analyzes some factors which contribute to the problem,mainly including natural and historical reasons,economic reasons,institutional reasons and technological reasons.Then this paper tries to propose Some suggestions to solve or alleviate the biodiversity problem in Fujian tea-production from the point of government,academic field and the producers,as it needs the joint efforts of all those participants.Econometric analyses will be made when necessary with SPSS 11.0.     

Equity Markets and Economic Development: Does the Primary Market Matter?

This article examines the role played by primary and secondary equity markets in economic growth. It departs from standard literature to integrate both markets and to explicitly acknowledge the primary equity market. By employing a variety of dynamic panel estimators for 54 countries over the period 1995‐2010, we show that the primary equity market is not an important determinant of economic growth, although it facilitates the development of the secondary market. This study also confirms the importance of liquidity provided by the secondary market. The evidence here calls for further investigation into the capital‐raising function of equity markets.     

Why Has the Fraction of Nonstandard Workers Increased? A Case Study of Japan

This paper explains the secular increase of nonstandard workers in Japan, whose share of employment increased from 17 to 34% between 1986 and 2008. Changes in labor force and industrial compositions account for one quarter of the increase of nonstandard workers. Product‐demand fluctuation and the introduction of information and communication technologies increased firms' usage of nonstandard workers, but its quantitative effects are limited. The increase of nonstandard workers was concentrated among new entrants to the labor market, male workers of younger cohorts, and female workers of all cohorts, suggesting that the declining importance of the long‐term employment relationship is a major cause for the increase of nonstandard workers.     

Research of E-commerce Application in Small and Medium Enterprises——A Case Study of Wenzhou

The paper analyzes the status quo of E-commerce application in Wenzhou＇s small and medium enterprises. This survey selects the 100 prominent small and medium enterprises covering chemical engineering, shoes, apparel, machinery, furniture, glasses, lighters, pen and pencil, electric and electronics as the investigating targets and issues the questionnaires to them. The result indicates that, the status quo of E-commerce application in Wenzhou＇s small and medium enterprises are worrisome, which is obviously way behind other cities. Based on that, the paper analyzes the reasons in combination with visiting them, and also proposes the corresponding strategies and predicts its prospect in the end.     

Three Decades After James Street’s “The Institutionalist Theory of Economic Development”: What Does Institutional Approach to Economic Development Mean Today?

James Street’s article, “The Institutionalist Theory of Economic Development,” (1987) is a masterpiece of institutionalist research on economic development. The thirty-year anniversary of its publishing is an invitation to review what the institutional approach to economic development means today. This article, therefore, aims to present a historical survey of works published in the Journal of Economic Issues (JEI) on economic development.     

ICT Investment and Economic Growth in the 1990s: Is the United States a Unique Case?: A Comparative Study of Nine OECD Countries

This paper compares the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) capital accumulation on output growth in Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Over the past two decades, ICT contributed between 0.2 and 0.5 percentage point per year to economic growth, depending on the country. During the second half of the 1990s, this contribution rose to 0.3 to 0.9 percentage point per year. Despite differences between countries, the United States has not been alone in benefiting from the positive effects of ICT capital investment on economic growth nor was the United States the sole country to experience an acceleration of these effects. ICT diffusion and ICT usage play a key role and depend on the right framework conditions, not necessarily on the existence of a large ICT-producing sector.     

The Ventriloquist's Dummy? The Role of Technology in Political Processes

This article examines the active role of technology in political processes, drawing on organizational politics and sociology of technology. A case study of the processes of the management of technology demonstrates the multiple roles that technology plays in developing a promoting coalition with a political programme. This programme joins and directs the actors. Technology is part of the structural context of the process, the process itself and the competing political programmes. The active role of technology in the process is examined through recurring and reciprocal patterns of social control over technology and vice versa. In some phases, actors master the technology to the same extent as a ventriloquist masters his dummy. In other phases, however, actors find themselves working hard, 'negotiating' with the technology. The management of technology is characterized as a consequence of these multiple roles of technology by dynamic shifts in power balances between different actors as well as those in relation to the technology itself.     

What is the Message of ‘Understanding the Process of Economic Change’ for Economic Historians?

This paper addresses Douglas North's latest book in the light of his intellectual lifework. North's original insistence upon the role of transaction costs did not require a departure from the neoclassical framework as clear-cut as the one required by North's latest emphasis on the role of intentionality. North's recent interest in the cognitive premises of institutional constraints to rational choice considerably expands the scope of the economic analysis of change. However, North still considers institutions supporting homo oeconomicus to be the most important progressive element in history. The paper argues that North's message goes beyond what he would be willing to transfer into the practice of economic historians. In particular, North's new conceptual framework should open the way to the acknowledgment that a plurality of progress-oriented institutions are possible, and that individualism itself could be seen as a multi-dimensional concept.     

Rural-Urban Continuum Problem＇s Origin and Its Development Strategy Change——A Case Study of Beijing

北京城乡结合部的政策制定目标经历了从单纯＂生态保护＂向＂生态保护＂、＂社会治理＂兼顾的转变过程,目前仍然遗存了诸多问题,而基于＂低价值判断＂的＂被动整治＂策略是问题的根源。为此应采取＂主动提升＂策略,重新审视该地区的综合价值,主动吸纳面向国际、适宜在该地区发展的高端功能,＂以功能带动价值,以价值带动整治＂,将＂功能提升＂、＂生态保护＂、＂社会治理＂三个目标捆绑解决,在＂发展＂中解决问题。在此基础上,对北京城乡结合部的空间形态、规划理念和政策保障提出了建议。     

Does the Degree of Development Matter in the Impact of Banking Crises on International Trade?

This paper analyzes how a country's degree of economic development affects the impact of banking crises on international trade. To this end, we estimate a gravity model of trade using a sample of 139 countries over the period 1975–2012. Our results show that middle income countries are generally the most negatively affected. In contrast, financial turmoil appears to have less impact on bilateral trade flows among high income countries and, more specially, among low income nations. The level of financial development, contract enforcement, as well as the extent of the use of banking credit within international trade all help to explain our findings.     

Comparing Environmental Policy Instruments in the Presence of Imperfect Compliance – A Case Study

In this paper, we aim to include rule making, implementation, monitoring and enforcement costs into the cost comparison of policy instruments. We use a simple partial equilibrium model and apply it to the textile industry. The model includes discrete abatement functions and costly monitoring and enforcement. The case study uses individual firm data to simulate the differences in abatement costs and compliance decisions between firms. We compare combinations of regulatory instruments (emission taxes, emission standards and technology standards) and enforcement instruments (criminal fines, civil fines and transaction offers). We show that the inclusion of information, monitoring and enforcement costs indeed alters the relative cost efficiency of the different instruments.     

Labor Law in China: How Does It Contribute to the Economic Security of the Workforce? A Commonsian Reading

By adopting the “reasonable value” notion applied to the labor relationship as proposed by John R. Commons, I study the way in which labor legislation in China can be understood as the search for a status of employment security for rural migrant workers. However, the Chinese labor market is experiencing growth in a particular form of informal labor: delegated and temporary labor. I analyze this contradiction not as a failure of the legislation itself, but as the product of a particular institutional context which provides a way to skirt the law, and thereby diminish its effectiveness. Finally, in a non-democratic state, labor law — which has been instrumentalized and mobilized within a form of state corporatism — reveals that very significant challenges exist for building a truly secure status for employees.     

A Research on Approach to the Development Strategy of Tourism Economic Growth

As the tourism is improving, the economy growth can be obtained. Therefore, to improve tourism is to improve the economy. In fact, some supplies of tour could not meet the demands, which brings out conflict. It is obvious that solving the problem of supply and demand of tour is the approach to the development strategy of tourism economic growth.