中国上市公司债务期限结构特征的实证检验

本文采用描述性统计、混合最小二乘、参数和非参数检验等方法对中国上市公司的债务期限结构特征进行了系统分析。研究发现，中国上市公司的债务期限相对较低，中国受管制行业的债务期限相对高于其他行业，不同行业和不同地区之间的债务期限存在显著性差异．这些差异大部分归属于行业差异和地区差异而不是年度差异。总的说来，债务期限9．53％的变异能由行业类别加以解释，4．15％的变异能由地区虚拟变量加以解释。     

经济政策不确定性与企业债务期限结构——来自中国A股上市公司的经验证据北大核心

经济政策是微观企业经营环境的重要组成部分,经济政策调整产生的不确定性会干扰企业预期、影响其经营决策。基于2007-2021年中国A股上市公司样本数据,考察经济政策不确定性对企业债务期限结构的影响。研究结果表明:经济政策不确定性上升时,企业为降低再融资风险,会提高长期债务比例;这种影响在经济政策不确定性暴露程度较高的企业中相对较大,在东部地区等市场化程度较高地区的企业中相对较小;相较于贸易、汇率和资本管制政策不确定性,财政、货币政策不确定性对企业长期债务占比的影响更大。上述研究结论的政策启示:应当关注经济政策不确定性给微观企业带来的再融资风险,保持经济政策的连续性、稳定性和可持续性;充分发挥结构性货币政策工具的作用,创新和完善支持小微企业、民营企业的再融资金融工具,营造充分竞争、高效运作、预期稳定的再融资市场环境。     

债务期限结构与研发投资——基于创业板上市公司的经验证据

以深圳证券交易市场2009—2014年创业板上市公司为研究样本,检验了债务期限结构与研发投资之间的关系。实证检验的结果显示:债务期限结构与研发投资之间显著正相关,表明长期债务是公司创新重要的融资方式。进一步,在区分公司类型的情况下,研究表明:相比较非制造业的上市公司,制造业上市公司的债务期限结构与研发投资之间显著正相关。     

上市公司债务期限结构影响因素分析

本文采用混合回归、横截面回归和固定效应回归等技术对中国上市公司的债务期限结构影响因素进行经验检查.经验证据支持契约成本假说.具有更少成长机会、更少自由现金流量、资产期限长和规模大的公司具有更多的长期债务.我们没有发现公司使用债务期限结构向市场传递信号的证据.经验证据没有支持债务期限结构税收假说.     

债务期限结构与企业价值的相关性分析——来自我国A股农业上市公司的经验证据

本文基于我国A股农业上市公司2003年至2008年数据,通过建立联立方程,运用相关分析与回归分析,对债务期限与企业价值之间的关系进行进行理论分析与实证研究.结果表明,债务期限结构对企业价值有正效应,即长期债务的增加有利于企业价值的提升,债务期限结构的治理在农业上市公司中表现出一定程度的有效性,有利于提高企业价值.     

上市公司债务期限结构影响因素实证研究

本文采用横截面回归、混合最小二乘回归等技术对影响中国、新加坡、泰国和马来西亚等四个国家上市公司债务期限结构的公司特征因素和制度环境因素进行实证研究。经验证据表明上市公司债务期限结构不仅与公司特征因素高度相关,而且与国家制度和经济环境因素密切相关,不同样本国家债务期限结构影响因素有所不同。     

非标意见与债务融资——基于银行借款和债务期限结构的经验证据

理论上,年报被出具非标意见会降低企业的债务融资能力。但本文发现非标意见对企业新增银行借款和债务期限结构没有显著负面影响,不支持理论预期。我们认为,在中国,银行是一个并非完全以利润最大化为目标的独立市场主体,他们会为了地方社会稳定和经济发展向企业提供贷款;另外,企业有政府的隐性支持,银行不需要太关注企业的偿债风险。因此,虽然非标意见传递出会计信息质量低或未来经营风险高等问题,但它对银行借款的影响相当有限。本文的研究有助于我们理解中国上市公司会计造假盛行、非标意见比例过高的现象。     

政治联系、债务融资与企业研发投入——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

以2009~2012年连续四年披露研发投入的中国上市公司为样本,实证检验政治联系、债务融资对企业研发投入行为的影响。结果表明,企业的研发投入面临债务融资约束,债务融资比例(银行借款)与研发投入强度之间呈现负相关关系,长期借款对研发投入强度的债务制约作用比短期借款更大,政治联系对企业的研发投入产生了"挤占"效应,抑制了RD投资,虽然给企业带来了一定的长期债务资源,但并未能如预期产生显著的"资源效应",扭转企业债务融资困境。     

银行股权关联、制度安排与企业债务期限结构——基于我国A股上市公司的经验证据

本文以2008—2014年A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了企业建立银行股权关联对其债务期限结构的影响,并考察了这种影响在不同产权性质和货币政策紧缩程度下的差异性,更进一步探讨了企业持股不同类型银行对其债务期限结构的不同影响。实证结果表明:建立银行股权关联对上市公司的债务期限结构产生了正面效应,且该效应在民营企业中和货币政策宽松时更为显著。本文还发现对于国有企业而言,与地方性商业银行建立股权关联比与股份制商业银行建立股权关联更有效。本文的研究结论对企业改善信贷期限结构以及政府引导金融改革和产融结合具有启示意义。     

盈余管理、债务期限与银行债权保护——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

本文基于中国债权人保护程度较弱的现实,以2000～2007年的上市公司为样本,对银行能否利用债务期限应对企业的盈余管理行为进行了深入研究。本文发现银行无法整体上识别企业的盈余管理以授予其相应的债务期限。本文进一步将银行识别企业盈余管理行为的意愿和技术进行分离而予以单独检验。通过选择明显有舞弊嫌疑的非标准无保留审计意见企...     

Asset Maturity, Debt Covenants, and Debt Maturity Choice

The existing research on debt‐maturity under asymmetric information has focused on the impact of differential information regarding asset quality on the debt maturity decision. This research has generally indicated the optimality of short‐term debt financing as a vehicle of mitigating the adverse selection problem. In this paper, I consider the impact of information asymmetry regarding the maturity structure of cash flows on the debt maturity decision. In this context, long‐term debt is generally the form of debt financing most effective in alleviating the adverse selection problem. I also show that costs of adverse selection may induce some mismatching of debt maturity and asset maturity in the presence of significant transaction costs.     

公司债务期限结构问题研究综述

本文对国内外公司债务期限结构间题的理论和经验研究进行了全面、系统的回顾，包括两方面内容：一是公司债务期限结构与公司价值之间的关系，二是公司债务期限结构的影响因素。本文评价了现有文献存在的问题和不足之处，为中国上市公司债务期限结构问题研究提供了依据和方向。     

Debt Maturity Structure and Accounting Conservatism

This study examines the association between debt maturity structure and accounting conservatism. Short‐maturity debt can mitigate agency costs of debt arising from information asymmetry and suboptimal investment problems inherent in debt financing. As such, debt‐contracting demand for accounting conservatism is expected to be lower in the presence of more short‐maturity debt. We find that short‐maturity debt is negatively associated with accounting conservatism. As firms could commit to more accounting conservatism to gain access to long‐maturity debt, we conduct lead‐lag tests of the direction of causality, and the results suggest that more short‐maturity debt leads to less conservative reporting, rather than the reverse. We also find the negative relation between short‐maturity debt and accounting conservatism is more pronounced among financially distressed firms, where ex ante severity of agency costs of debt are higher. Collectively, our results contribute to our understanding of the role of accounting conservatism in debt contracting and show how debt maturity, a key and pervasive feature of creditor protection in debt contracting, affects accounting conservatism.     

Trade-off Model of Debt Maturity Structure

In this paper, we suggest the trade-off model to explain the choice of debt maturity. This model is based on balancing between risk and reward of using shorter-term loans. Shorter-term loans have cost advantage over, but incur higher refinancing and interest rate risk than longer-term loans. Using the Compustat data, we show that the principal components of financial attributes are financial flexibility and financial strength. Therefore, only firms with greater financial flexibility and financial strength can use proportionately more short-term loans. We also document that financially strong firms take advantage of lower interest rates of short-term debt. They use proportionately more short-term loans when the term premium is high. The results of our study also provide evidence supporting the agency cost hypothesis, which is strongly supported by current literature.     

Industry Structure and Corporate Debt Maturity

We examine how industry competition affects firms’ choice of short‐term debt. We find that the percentage of short‐term debt is positively related to industry concentration at low levels of concentration, and inversely related to industry concentration at higher levels of concentration. This nonlinear relation is stronger in industries where firms are either more homogeneous or compete more aggressively. Moreover, we find that firms with shorter‐maturity debt are less aggressive than their rivals in the product market. The overall evidence suggests that although financial contracts alleviate agency problems, they exacerbate the risk of predation.     

金融结构对企业债务融资的影响研究

企业债务融资一直是财务学界研究的重点，对它的认识也逐渐从企业层面扩展到了宏观环境层面。但目前的研究仅仅局限干整个的经济发展，并没有深入讨论具体是哪个方面对债务融资有较大的影响。金融业是企业资金来源的提供方，因而它的发展和结构直接关系到企业的债务融资。为了深入研究，本文把金融结构分成了两个层级。研究结果表明，债务比率和债务期限结构都受到了两个层级的影响，但金融中介发展和股票市场份额的影响要远大于金融中介内部结构的影响。     

The Determinants of Debt Maturity Structure: Evidence from France,Germany and the UK

We examine the determinants of the debt maturity structure of French, German and British firms. These countries represent different financial and legal traditions that may have implications on corporate debt maturity structure. Our model incorporates the factors representing three major theories (tax considerations, liquidity and signalling, and contracting costs) of debt maturity. It also controls for capital market conditions. The results confirm the applicability of most theories of debt maturity structure for the UK firms. However, the evidence from France and Germany are mixed. Overall the findings suggest that the debt maturity structure of a firm is determined by firm‐specific factors and the country's financial systems and institutional traditions in which it operates.     

The Determinants of Debt Maturity at Issuance: A System-Based Model

We examine the determinants of corporate debt maturity while taking into account the interdependent relation between maturity and leverage. We do this by estimating a simultaneous-equations model on debt maturity and leverage for a sample of bond-issuing firms. To compare with previous studies, we also estimate a single-equation model on debt maturity using OLS. We define debt maturity as either the maturity of bonds at issuance (incremental approach), or the percentage of a firm's total debt that matures in more than three years (balance-sheet approach). Corroborating the findings of many previous studies, our single-equation OLS results support the underinvestment hypothesis purporting that firms with greater growth opportunities have shorter-term debt. However, under the simultaneous-equations model, the negative relation between a firm's debt maturity and its growth opportunities ceases to hold. Instead, it is the leverage decision that is influenced by growth opportunities. This suggests that existing models may overestimate the effect of growth opportunities on debt maturity.