Interprovincial Migration and Human Capital Formation in China*

We examine how the rising interprovincial migration of individuals with diverse educational backgrounds affected human capital formation in China in the 1990s. We find that gross outflow migration of those with higher and lower levels of education, respectively, has human capital incentive and disincentive effects. Our estimates suggest that the incentive effect eclipses the disincentive effect in general; however, a surge of migration, particularly among less educated groups, implies more of a disincentive effect in China in the 1990s. We also find that changes in the relative labor supply resulting from net outflow migration mitigate a direct brain drain by both encouraging and discouraging school enrolments.     

The role of politics in the migration of Zimbabwean teachers to South Africa

This paper contributes to the debate on the role played by the political crisis in Zimbabwe in causing teacher migration to South Africa in the presence of other social and economic drivers. The paper uses data collected through a questionnaire self-administered by 100 Zimbabwean teachers in South Africa (migrants) and another 100 in Zimbabwe (non-migrants). In-depth interviews with a few migrant teachers were used to supplement these data. Although it was the second most mentioned reason for the teachers' migration to South Africa, the role played by political violence or repression in Zimbabwe in causing this migration should not be downplayed. Most migrant teachers came from Zimbabwean schools affected by political violence to a large extent before or after the 2008 presidential elections, especially rural areas. Teachers that held positions or distributed opposition party regalia were mostly displaced by violence. There is an urgent need for political transformation to more democratic rule in Zimbabwe.     

Migration and its Determinants: A Study of Two Communities in Colombia

Using data gathered by the author in two communities in Southwestern Colombia, this paper tests a model of migration which incorporates relative deprivation as one of many possible reasons to migrate. The study finds that the product of relative deprivation and family income not only has a sensible interpretation; it is a better predictor of migration than its two component variables alone. Results also show that families with the highest propensities to migrate are those with the most to gain in terms of being better able to reduce relative deprivation through successful migration. These families, however, are neither at the bottom nor at the top of the income distribution in their communities. The study also finds that those most likely to migrate to the USA conform most closely to the immigration policies of the USA.

我国农民工工资支付保障机制构建——基于博弈论的分析视角

农民工作为我国劳动力市场的重要组成部分,其为我国城市建设做出了巨大贡献,然而关于农民工工资偏低且被拖欠、扣减等问题却是久而未决。这是由于劳动力市场信息不对称引起的,市场中缺乏对用工单位支付工资的信誉监督,且政府对拖欠工资的处罚力度也不够大,而相关的法律更是难以保障农民工的合法权益。因此,亟需在信息对称方面下大力气,着力改变城乡制度差别,使城乡形成统一的劳动合同、用工制度;并且通过提高农民工的工作技能来从根本上解决普通劳动力供过于求的情况,从而有力地构建起农民工工资支付保障机制。     

民营企业迁移的类型及其策略研究

文章指出,区域迁移作为民营企业扩张的一条重要途径,已为越来越多的民营企业所接受和实施。企业迁移是企业决策者综合考虑企业各种内部和外部因素之后做出的战略选择。根据企业迁移的需要,存在着生存型、机会型和政策追逐型迁移等类型,通过采取成本领先型、差异型、群聚型以及多元化等各种企业迁移策略,可以谋求企业新的竞争优势。     

Migration,Ethnicity, and the Educational Gradient in the Jakarta Mega-Urban Region: A Spatial Analysis

The Jakarta mega-urban region (MUR) is one of the largest such regions in the world. In this article, we revisit Castles’s seminal 1967 article, based on the 1961 Population Census of Indonesia, on the educational and ethnic composition of Jakarta. Using data from the full-count 2010 Population Census, we examine spatial patterns in the educational gradients of the population across the Jakarta MUR and look to determine whether these patterns can be explained by internal migration and ethnic composition at the kecamatan (subdistrict) level. We find that population movement from the core to the outer areas has softened the historically extremely sharp gradation in educational attainment across the MUR. We show the dominance of the Sundanese and Bantenese ethnic groups in the rural hinterlands of the MUR, where the average educational attainment is relatively low, and note this question of rurality versus ethnicity when interpreting our results.