Coalition Formation Procedures: The Impact of Issue Saliences and Consensus Estimation

Coalition formation procedures incorporate two properties that are not often found in other coalition formation models: the choice between different formation paths and constrained consensus positions. However, there are two aspects of coalition formation procedures that are often overlooked: issue saliences and consensus estimation. Issue saliences are a measure of the importance that parties can attribute to issue dimensions. Initially, we employ the classical application to implement issue saliences. The classical application combines the Euclidean distance with the center of gravity as a consensus estimate. Secondly, we introduce a consistent distance application where the coalition consensus position is determined by minimizing the sum of salience-weighted Euclidean distances. The impact of these aspects is examined with the help of both numerical and empirical applications. The results indicate that both the consensus estimation method and the inclusion of issue saliences do not only have an impact on the estimated consensus position. They also determine the individual parties’ preferences towards the potential coalition formation procedures.     

心理距离对跨国公司进入模式的影响

基于65 670家外商直接投资企业数据,本文使用群组Logit模型,分析了心理距离对跨国公司进入中国市场模式选择的影响。研究发现语言差异和工业发展水平差异与跨国公司采取独资模式进入的机会比率呈显著负相关关系,宗教差异与跨国公司采取独资模式进入的机会比率呈显著正相关关系,而教育水平差异和民主差异对跨国公司进入模式选择的影响并不显著。     

The Psychic Distance Postulate Revised: From Market Selection to Speed of Market Penetration

In this paper we revise the psychic distance postulate of the Uppsala Model (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977, 1990) by injecting more recent findings (i.e., distinguishing between selection of foreign markets and time needed to achieve sufficient penetration in foreign markets and the role of social capital). The model we propose posits that a higher psychic distance decreases the speed of market penetration. On distant markets, internationalizing technology-based ventures need more time to establish a position in the foreign network and to obtaining positive cash flow. Our model presents social capital as a mean to overcome the psychic distance and to increase the speed of market penetration. We build our model on four case studies on technology-based new ventures internationalizing at very early ages.     

The Impact of Psychic Distance on the Internationalisation of the Australian Firm

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between management characteristics and psychic distance, psychic distance and internationalisation and management characteristics and internationalisation. It is argued that internationalisation takes different forms and that psychic distance will impact differently on each form whether it is outward, inward or linked. It is shown that whereas some management characteristics impact on internationalisation directly, others have impact through psychic distance acting as an intervening variable. The management implications for the above are discussed, as is its effect on planning future international activities.     

Ingratiating with Despotic Leaders to Gain Status: The Role of Power Distance Orientation and Self-enhancement Motive

This study adds to business ethics research by investigating how employees’ exposure to despotic leadership might influence their peer-rated workplace status, along with a mediating role of ingratiatory behavior targeted at supervisors and a moderating role of their power distance orientation and self-enhancement motive. Multisource, three-wave data from employees and their peers in Pakistani organizations reveal that exposure to despotic leaders spurs employees’ upward ingratiatory behavior, and this behavior in turn can help them attain higher status in the organization. The mediating role of upward ingratiatory behavior also is more prominent among employees with higher levels of power distance orientation and self-enhancement motive. For business ethics scholars, this study thus pinpoints a potentially dangerous pathway—featuring employees’ deliberate efforts to impress self-centered, destructive supervisors—by which despotic leadership can generate beneficial outcomes for employees but not for the organization, as well as how this process varies due to key personal characteristics.

     

Coping with Job Insecurity: The Role of Procedural Justice, Ethical Leadership and Power Distance Orientation

This study examines the relationship between procedural justice and employee job insecurity, and the boundary conditions of this relationship. Drawing upon uncertainty management theory and ethical leadership research, we hypothesized that procedural justice is negatively related to job insecurity, and that this relationship is moderated by ethical leadership. We further predicted that the moderating relationship would be more pronounced among employees with a low power distance orientation. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 381 workers in Macau and Southern China. The results support all of our hypotheses. The implications of these results for research and practice are discussed.     

Word Power: The Impact of Negative Media Coverage on Disciplining Corporate Pollution

Globalization is multifaceted and involves the interaction among businesses, services, governments, and societies beyond national borders. As a result, the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI), international trade in goods and services, and the economic interdependence of the nations of the world have been increasing. At the same time, much attention has been paid to the effect of corruption prevalent within many cultures and societies, and its impact on the economies, especially developing economies. This paper examines the relationship between human capital investment, the level of national corruption, and the global economic integration (GEI) of a nation in developing countries. Based on the data collected from over 60 countries, and building on the FDI and human capital theories, it was found that human capital investment and corruption are related to GEI. It was also found that the level of corruption moderates the relationship between human capital investment and GEI of developing economies. The findings of the study can help to deepen our understanding of GEI and have practical implications for developing countries in terms developing human capital, which plays a critical role in today’s knowledge-based economy.     

金融发展对城市住房市场的影响:理论机制、空间溢出及非线性效应

厘清金融发展与住房市场的关系对于制定差异化调控政策、探寻金融及住房市场改革方向、抑泡沫控风险具有重要意义。本文以二者关系的传导机制、空间联动与非线性特征的识别为逻辑主线,从直接、间接两个层次剖析金融发展对住房市场的传导路径;并采用空间计量方法探析金融发展对住房市场的空间溢出效应;最后,通过门槛效应检验考察金融发展对住房市场作用的空间异质性。结果表明:第一,2002—2017年间,35城市住房价格存在正向空间依赖性,莫兰指数呈"波浪"型变化;绝大多数城市属于"高-高"或"低-低"集聚模式,且这种局部空间格局相对稳定。第二,金融规模、金融结构和金融效率对住房价格均有显著的直接效应,而金融规模、金融效率因"虹吸效应"而对邻近城市房价产生了显著的抑制作用。第三,受限于收入水平的单门槛效应,金融规模、金融效率对住房价格的影响呈非线性。研究结论为制定差异化政策、落实"房住不炒"、防范住房及金融市场风险等提供了新的思路。     

企业社会资本对渠道权力与依赖的影响

传统渠道权力与依赖研究将研究视野局限在由两个渠道成员构成的二元渠道关系内,关注关系内的资源依赖特征而缺少对关系以外更大范围的渠道关系网络的关注。针对这一缺陷,文章引入了社会资本理论,并实证性地考察了制造商社会资本对其渠道权力和经销商依赖的影响。研究发现,制造商的社会资本对其渠道权力有显著的正向影响,但对经销商的渠道依赖没有显著影响。同时,以中国本土社会心理学理论为基础,研究证实在中国文化背景下渠道权力作为依赖的前因变量对其有显著的正向影响。     

高端服务业的空间分布、空间溢出及对工业升级的影响

本文运用新经济地理模型,考察高端服务业空间分布、空间溢出对工业升级的作用机制,发现三者间呈U型曲线关系,即当区域间空间溢出的强度保持不变时,高端服务业集聚程度的提高能够推动工业的加速升级;而提升高端服务业空间外溢强度,可以全面提高整个经济体工业升级速度。进一步利用我国30个省份2003-2016年空间面板数据进行验证,结果表明:中国各省份工业升级的空间正相关性显著;中国高端服务业集聚水平较低,在省域间没能对工业升级产生促进作用,甚至拖累了工业升级的速度,但在时间层面上显著促进工业升级;高端服务业空间溢出在空间和时间层面全面地促进了工业升级; FDI和创新环境变量在区域层面拖累、在时间层面促进工业升级;政府干预变量在区域层面上显著促进、在时间层面上阻碍了工业升级。     

语言的经济力量:国民英语能力对中国对外服务贸易的影响

国际经贸往来通常受到语言的影响,而英语作为当今最主要的贸易通用语言在对外贸易中发挥着重要的作用。本文利用扩展的引力模型估计了国民英语能力对我国对外服务贸易流量的影响。研究发现,国民英语能力与我国对外服务贸易流量呈显著正相关关系。一系列敏感性分析表明,在贸易全球化的新形势下,这种影响是稳健的,大体还呈现上升趋势。改善和提高国民英语能力不仅对我国对外经贸往来的可持续发展大有裨益,当前我国正积极地推行"一带一路"发展战略,加强中国与世界各国的语言互通,对保持和提升中国在国际社会中的大国形象和地位也具有重要的现实和长远意义。     

中国国际人口迁移的空间格局及影响因素

国际人口迁移是人口地理学研究的核心内容之一,而空间格局又是国际迁移研究的重要方面.基于联合国人口司公布的国际移民数据,利用国际移民规模存量与比重、集中化指数以及有效迁移率等指标探讨中国国际人口迁移的空间格局、变化趋势及影响因素.中国在长期作为全球主要国际移民迁出国的同时,也逐渐成为重要的国际迁移目的地国;中国国际移民的来源国和目的地国均呈现出集中分布的特征,其中目的地国主要集中于北美、欧洲、澳洲以及东亚国家,而来源国则主要集中于亚洲、南美和北美的部分国家;1990-2013年间,中国国际输出移民目的地国分布呈现集中化的趋势,而移民来源国分布则表现出分散化的特征;就有效迁移率而言,中国相对于巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、巴西、越南、秘鲁、菲律宾、印度而言,属于移民净流入国家,但相对其他大部分国家则是移民净流出国;此外,国家间经济发展差距、迁移距离、移民网络、经济全球化均对中国国际移民格局有重要影响.     

股票发行监管的博弈分析和发行审核制度的选择

本文运用博弈论对我国的股票发行制度进行了分析。通过构建静态博弈模型剖析了影响股票发行监管的各种因素,并以动态博弈模型研究了发行审核制度的选择问题,得出了结论,提出了相应的对策建议。     

The Impact of Ownership on Bargaining Power of Firms in China

Schelling-Muthoo讨价还价思想认为,谈判中让步的成本越小,获得的谈判收益越少。我国部分企业由于存在预算软约束、损失转嫁、多重委托代理等问题,弱化了据理力争的激励,因而在谈判中容易过度让步。本文运用正向求解方法证明了Schelling-Muthoo谈判解,并用自己发展出来的四象限作图方法展示了这一结果。进而运用1999—2007年中国150多万家企业的微观数据进行实证检验,结果发现国有企业和集体企业的中间投入品购买成本显著高于民营企业,表明国有企业和集体企业讨价还价能力较低,因而中国只有继续推进市场化改革,才能对内优化资源配置、对外捍卫国际合作利益。     

VC/PE对并购资产评估机构选择的影响

不同于已有文献以IPO为场景研究VC/PE对IPO公司中介机构选择的影响,以并购退出的场景研究作为标的方股东的VC/PE是否会影响并购资产评估机构的选择。研究发现:并购重组有VC/PE参股的标的时,双方更可能聘请高质量的资产评估机构,特别是当并购方缺乏并购经验和标的方的信息环境较差时,聘请高质量资产评估机构的可能性更高;在关联并购情况下,为减少市场对并购方可能与资产评估机构进行合谋的担忧,同时向市场释放出并购交易价格是公允、客观的信号,并购重组有VC/PE参股的标的时,聘请高质量资产评估机构的可能性更高。进一步的补充性检验显示,聘请高质量的资产评估机构有助于获得更高的市场认可。     

通向城市区域财政收支空间均衡的战略规划——北京市经济空间结构演变对城市财政收支空间格局的影响

本文从都市区角度上论证了经济发展导致的北京市经济结构的空间演变对北京财政收支体系空间配置的影响,分析了财政收支的空间差异对地方政府行为所产生的扭曲效应,并对促进城市空间范围内财政收支空间均衡的可能途径进行了评估。     

Editorial: Special Issue on the Impact of Business Ethics on Public Life

Even though management scholars have offered several views on the process of corporate sustainability, these efforts have focused mainly on the technical aspects of sustainability while omitting the fundamental role played by individual moral competences. Therefore, previous work offers an incomplete and somewhat reductionist view of corporate sustainability. In this article, we develop a holistic framework of corporate sustainability in which both the moral and technical aspects of sustainability are considered. We do so by integrating the ethical, normative perspective of the Catholic social teaching (CST) with the competitive view of the natural resource-based view. This framework highlights the importance of CST principles and ideas in developing executive moral competences such as moral sensitivity and awareness, and moral cognition and motivation. Moral competences, in turn, influence the organizational selection of environmental strategies, giving leaders the intrinsic motivation to promote both a longer-term stance on corporate sustainability efforts and a relentless search for greener business models. Such strategies move the firm closer towards achieving environmental sustainability. Hence, by bridging the individual, normative-ethical with the organizational, implementational levels of corporate sustainability, our framework provides a more realistic, coherent, and complete perspective on the complex process of achieving corporate sustainability.     

Allegations of Sexual Misconduct: A View from the Observation Deck of Power Distance Belief

Journal of Business Ethics - We seek to understand how third-party observers respond to allegations of sexual transgressions, whether their responses vary and if so why, how they determine...